Five Days That Shocked the World: Eyewitness Accounts from Europe at the End of World War II

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Five Days That Shocked the World: Eyewitness Accounts from Europe at the End of World War II Page 36

by Nicholas Best


  Achterveld

  Aid to Russia Fund

  alcohol, rationing of

  Alesan Air Base, Corsica

  Alexander, Field Marshal

  Allied Expeditionary Force

  refusing a separate peace offered by Himmler

  Allies, propaganda of

  Alpine redoubt

  Altaussee

  Altner, Helmut

  later life

  Alvenslebel, Capt. von

  American army

  black troops

  in Germany

  horror at concentration camp sights

  in Italy

  American flag

  Annecy

  Anschluss of 1938

  antiaircraft defenses

  anti-Nazis in Germany

  Antwerp

  Antz, Anneliese

  appeasement policy toward Germany

  Argentina

  Arnhem

  Allied operation at (Operation Market Garden)

  final liberation of (1945)

  Assisi

  Associated Press

  astrologers

  asylum, sought in Sweden

  atomic bomb

  atrocities

  by Germans

  in World War I, reported

  attacks, by Russians

  Audisio, Walter (“Colonel Valerio”)

  Auschwitz

  construction of

  execution of commandant of

  flight of Nazis from

  Frank family in

  Germans’ feigned ignorance of

  Jews sent to

  mentioned

  murder rate at

  Austria

  Avignon

  Axmann, Artur

  Azzano

  Bad Bevensen

  Bad Tölz

  Barbarita, Rosita

  Barcelona

  battle fatigue

  Battle for Berlin

  assault on the Reichstag

  desperate resistance of Germans

  ended, May 2

  predicted end of, on April 30

  Baumbach, Werner

  Baur, Hans

  Bavaria

  BBC

  Beaverbrook, Lord

  Behrman, Bernie

  Belgium, fighting in

  Belsen

  execution of commandant of

  Frank children in

  Germans’ feigned ignorance of

  horrors of

  pictures from

  Bentine, Michael

  Berchtesgaden

  Allied bombing of

  Hitler thought to be in

  Nazi units in

  proposed last stand in

  retreat of Nazis to

  Berest, Lt.

  Bergen-Belsen. See Belsen

  Berlin

  Anhalter station

  bunker at the Chancellery. See Bunker at the Chancellery (Berlin)

  Chancellery. See Chancellery (Berlin)

  encirclement of, by Russian army

  flight of Nazis from

  Hohenzollerndamm

  Kaiserhof

  Kroll Opera House

  Kurfürstendamm

  Landwehr Canal

  Ministry of the Interior

  Moltke bridge

  Reichssportfeld

  Reichstag. See Reichstag (Berlin)

  the ruined city at night

  Spandau Citadel

  starvation in

  Tiergarten (Zoological Gardens)

  Weidendammer Bridge

  Wilhelmplatz

  Bern

  Bernadotte, Folke

  Bernhard, Prince (Netherlands)

  Berry, Lionel

  Bersenev, Major

  Best, Sigismund Payne

  Blackshirt movement (Britain)

  Blair House, Washington, D.C.

  Blanter, Matveï

  Blondi (Hitler’s dog), poisoning of, to test cyanide effect

  Blum, Léon

  bodies, mass, unburied

  burial of

  Boer War

  Bolling, Gen. Alexander

  Bologna

  Bolshevism, German fight against

  Bolzano

  Wehrmacht headquarters at

  bombing raids, American

  Bonin, Bogislaw von

  Bormann, Juana

  Bormann, Martin

  in the bunker

  plan to escape

  probable death of while escaping

  Bormann, Martin, Jr.

  later life

  Bosch, Hieronymus

  Bourbon, Prince Louis de

  Bradley, Omar

  Brandt, Willy

  hope to return to Germany, post-liberation

  later life

  Braun, Eva

  called Frau Hitler

  cremation

  marriage to Hitler

  in Munich as Hitler’s mistress

  Munich house

  plans to take own life

  suicide

  Braun, Gretl

  Braun, Magnus von

  Braun, Maj. Wernher von

  later life

  Braun, Margarete

  Bremen

  Brenner Pass

  British army

  advance on Hamburg

  advance on Lübeck

  in Germany

  in Italy

  British people, traitors and Nazi sympathizers among

  British troops, prisoners of war

  Brochnik, Juliane

  Brown, Elsie

  Brünnlitz

  Brunstein, Esther

  Buchenwald

  horrors of

  prisoners transferred from

  Buchs

  Bund Deutscher Mädchen

  Bunker at the Chancellery (Berlin)

  breakout from

  breakout plan

  deserted

  suicides in

  Burgdorf, General

  burgomasters, ex-Nazi

  burial of bodies

  Bushyhead, Jack

  Byelorussia

  Canadian troops

  Canary Islands

  cannibalism

  Carrington, Lord Peter

  later life

  Caserta

  Catch-22

  ceasefire

  in Italy

  requested by Germans in Berlin

  Celle

  Cernobbio

  Chamberlain, Neville

  Chancellery (Berlin)

  busywork carried on at

  escape from

  last significant building in German hands

  last wild party at

  razed post-War, and new buildings built on site

  ruined in Battle for Berlin

  Russian taking of

  telephone line to Chuikov’s HQ

  See also Bunker at the Chancellery

  Charlemagne Legion

  Charlottenburg

  Chekhov, A. P.

  Chicago Herald American

  Christian, Gerda

  Chuikov, Gen. Vasili

  Churchill, Clementine

  Churchill, Peter

  Churchill, Winston

  letter to Truman

  rumors about

  Citizen Kane (movie)

  Clark, Mark

  Clemenceau, Georges

  Cmuda, Hannelore von

  collaboration

  collectivization

  “Colonel Valerio.” See Audisio, Walter

  Colville, Jock

  Committee of National Liberation (Italy)

  Communism

  threat to Europe, not apprehended by some Western statesmen

  Western resistance to, German hope for

  Communist Party

  in Italy

  operating with the Russian army

  Communists, German, welcome to Soviet troops

  Como

  bishop of, refusal of asylum to Mussolini family

  concentration camps

  admin
istration

  awaiting liberation

  commandants

  dead prisoners

  disbelief of world at what went on

  elimination of prisoner witnesses

  flight of guards from

  guards

  guards, killing of

  horrors of

  important prisoners (Prominente) in

  liberated prisoners of, feeding and nursing of

  liberation of

  local Germans forced to witness

  no remorse by German commandants and guards

  tattooed numbers on prisoners

  for women

  Corsica

  Coster, Flying Officer

  Cox, Geoffrey

  crematoria

  Crimea

  Crittenberger, Gen. Willis

  Cronkite, Walter

  Curtin, William

  Cutting, Flight Sergeant

  cyanide

  Czechoslovakia

  Dachau (camp)

  horrors of

  important prisoners of (the Prominente)

  Nazi leaders cremated at

  once a model camp

  reporters’ visits to

  Dachau (town)

  Daily Express

  Danzig

  D-day

  DDT

  death in battle, German ideal of

  de Guingand, Sir Francis

  de Jong, Arie

  delousing

  Demandowsky, Ewald von

  De Maria, Lia

  Denmark

  German troops in

  dentist chair of Dr. Kunz

  deserters, German

  at end of war

  execution of

  de Valera, Eamon

  Dial, Charles

  diamonds, swallowing of

  Dietrich, Marlene

  Dimbleby, Richard

  DiSpirito, Ralph

  displaced persons

  Döberitz

  Dole, Lt. Robert (Bob)

  later life

  Dolmatovski, Yevgeni

  Dongo

  Dönitz, Adm. Karl

  address to the German people

  delays surrender

  government of

  made Hitler’s successor

  offers surrender

  sentenced to ten years

  Doorn

  Dresden

  bombing of

  Ducia, Antonio

  Dufving, Col. von

  Duindigt race track

  Dulles, Allen

  Dunkirk, Battle of

  Eastern Front, atrocities on the

  East Prussia

  Eden, Anthony

  Eichmann, Adolf

  executed

  Eighth Army (Allied)

  Eighty-fifth Regiment (American)

  Eighty-fourth Infantry Division (American)

  Eisenhower, Gen. Dwight

  Elath, Eliahu

  Elbe river

  English people, living in Germany

  Estonia

  Europe, Soviet intentions for

  Ewart, Colonel

  executions

  mass

  extermination camps

  Falkenberg, Sybil Bannister

  Fascism, horrors of

  Fascists, British

  Fascists, German. See Nazism

  Fascists, Italian

  American sympathizers with

  executions of

  hunting down and killing of, after liberation

  Fegelein, Hermann

  Feldafing school, Munich

  Final Solution

  flak

  Flensburg

  flights

  of Germans, westward

  of German troops

  of released prisoners

  Flying Fortresses

  food drops over Holland. See Operation Chowhound; Operation Manna

  food shortages

  Forty-fifth Thunderbird Division (American)

  Forty-second Rainbow Division (American)

  488th Squadron, U.S. Air Force

  IV Corps (American)

  France, Vichy government

  Francis of Assisi, Saint

  Franco, Francisco

  Frank, Anne

  Frank, Hans

  hanged

  Frank, Margot

  Frank, Otto

  later life

  Franks, George

  Frederick the Great

  Freedom Action Bavaria

  Free World (U.N. newsletter)

  Free World Forum (radio show)

  French people

  as slave laborers for Germany

  traitors and collaborators among

  Friedeburg, Adm. Hans-Georg von

  Friedrich Leopold, Prince of Prussia

  Fritsche, Hans

  Fritz (German guard)

  Führer. See Hitler, Adolf

  Furst, Peter

  Fürstenberg

  Fürth

  Fürtwängler, Wilhelm

  Galland, Adolf

  Gardner, Mrs. (in Hitler’s Munich apartment)

  Garibaldi, Sante

  Garrett, Cameron

  gas chambers

  Gävernitz, Gero

  Geneva

  Gentry, Jimmy

  George VI, King

  Georgians

  German army

  in Italy, retreat and surrender of

  offer to surrender in the West

  retreat to the west, to surrender to the Americans

  surrender to Russian army

  troops, outraged at concentration camp horrors

  withdrawal from Scandinavia

  See also Wehrmacht

  German Information Office

  German navy

  German people

  disgrace of Nazism to

  displaced, flight westward

  hated by Allied troops and reporters

  knowledge of crimes of Nazism

  lack of remorse over crimes of Nazism

  reaction to Hitler’s death

  suffering of, claimed by Jodl

  German troops

  allowed by Hitler to escape if they ran out of ammunition

  captured and killed

  medals awarded to, as morale booster

  prisoners of war

  shooting at Allied planes

  Germany

  appeasement policy toward

  in Czechoslovakia

  defeat of, conceded by Germans

  guilt of, after a thousand years (Frank)

  and Spain

  succession after death of Hitler

  surrender of

  war against Bolshevism

  World War I reparations

  Gerngross, Rupprecht

  Gestapo

  arrests of, post-liberation

  headquarters in Dresden

  ghettoes, liquidation of

  Gibraltar

  Gies, Miep

  Giesler, Paul

  Göbbels, Heidi

  Göbbels, Helga

  Göbbels, Josef

  in the bunker

  children of

  children of, poisoning of

  cremation

  diary of

  last testament

  peace negotiations requested by

  plans to take own life

  propaganda of

  suicide

  urged by Hitler to flee

  Göbbels, Magda

  body of

  children poisoned by

  death

  mental state of

  Göring, Emma

  Göring, Hermann

  Hitler’s response to, demanding resignation

  order to SS to execute him

  reaction to Hitler’s death

  sentenced to hang, took poison

  telegram asking Hitler about succession plans

  Götz, Ellen

  Grace, Lt.-Col. William

  Grass, Günter

  later life

  Green
land

  Greim, Robert von

  Grenadier Guards

  Grese, Irma

  executed

  Gromyko, Andrei

  guards. See concentration camps: guards

  gulags

  Günsche, Otto

  Günther, Konrad

  Gütermann, Anna

  Gypsies

  Haakon, King of Norway

  Haganah

  Hamburg

  radio station

  resistance to surrender

  surrender of

  Hamburger, Philip

  hanging

  of corpses

  of “cowards” afraid to fight for Germany

  of Nazis

  Hardman, Leslie

  Hayworth, Rita

  Hearst, William Randolph

  Hearst Corporation

  Heller, Joseph

  later life

  Hempel, Eduard

  Hentschel, Johannes

  Hepburn, Audrey

  later life

  Herald Tribune

  Hero of the Soviet Union

  Herzog, Chaim

  later life

  Hess, Rudolf

  flight to Scotland

  held in a mental hospital in Britain

  memoirs

  sentenced to life

  Hessler, Günther

  Hibberd, Stuart

  Higgins, Marguerite

  Hill, Claude

  Himmler, Heinrich

  arrested, and committed suicide

  assumed to be Hitler’s successor

  attempts to join Dönitz government

  betrayal of Hitler, as Hitler saw it

  considered to be Hitler’s best friend

  doesn’t know what to do

  expelled from party

  meeting with Dönitz

  rejected by Dönitz

  secretly proposes a separate peace with Allies

  Hitler, Adolf

  apartment in Munich

  autographed photo of

  bomb plot against

  in the Bunker

  chance to escape

  compared unfavorably to St. Francis

  corpse or remains of

  cremation of

  debilitated state of

  declines to resign

  effect on people’s lives of the death of

  hunt for body of

  knowledge of the death of

  last day, in the Bunker

  last meal in the Bunker

  last political testament

  learns of Himmler’s treachery

  loyalty to

  map strategizing of

  marries Eva Braun

  news of the death of, reactions to

  newspaper coverage of death

  oath to

  official announcement of death

  passivity of German people to orders of

  plan to take own life

  succession to

  suicide

  suicides following the death of

  telegram to Göring demanding his resignation

  uncertainty about death of

  unhappiness of some at the death of

  will and testament of

  Hitler, Alois

  Hitler, Paula (alias Paula Wolf)

  later life

  Hitler, William Patrick

  Hitler Youth

  Hofer, Franz

  Holland

  fighting in

  food shortage in

  stripped by Nazis for war machine

  Holmes, Marian

  horoscopes

  hospitals, military

  Höss, Rudolf

  executed

  wife and children of

  Hotel Pragser-Wildsee

  House of Commons

 

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