by Payne, Chris
58 TNA:PRO MEPO 7/34 (18 June 1872).
59 Morning Post (7 March 1874).
60 Birmingham Daily Post (16 September 1872); Hertfordshire Express (15 September 1877).
61 Stewart (2000), p. 146.
62 Ibid., pp. 38–44.
63 Ibid., pp. 39–51.
64 The Times (12 February 1875).
65 The Times (13 March 1875).
66 Daily News (19 and 27 February 1875).
67 TNA:PRO HO 65/33 Liddell to Henderson (2 March 1875).
68 The Times (6 March 1875).
69 The Times (28 April 1875).
70 Stewart (2000), pp. 59–61.
71 The Times (6 and 21 May 1875); Pall Mall Gazette (20 May 1875).
72 The Times (10 June 1875).
73 Littlechild (1894), p. 138.
74 Illustrated Police News (3 April 1880).
6 Suicide, Accidental Death or Murder?
1 Hall (1923), p. 87.
2 TNA:PRO MEPO 3/120; The Times (28 February 1876) and (5 and 24 May 1876).
3 Greenham (1904), p. 136; TNA:PRO HO 65/35 Liddell to Henderson (2 March 1876).
4 TNA:PRO MEPO 7/38 (5 March 1876); PCOM 1/112, pp. 624–5.
5 Greenham (1904), p. 137; TNA:PRO HO45/9325.
6 The Times (22 April 1876).
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid.
10 OBP (May 1876), William Vance, Ellen Snee (t18760529–408); The Times (6 May 1876); Wikipedia, ‘Thomas Bond (British physician)’.
11 The Times (29 April 1876) and (6 May 1876).
12 OBP (May 1876), William Vance, Ellen Snee (t18760529–408); The Times (1 and 2 June 1876).
13 The Times (18 May 1876).
14 Bridges (1956), p. 158.
15 Ibid., p. 160.
16 TNA:PRO MEPO 3/123 Clarke report (11 May 1876).
17 Ibid., Special Enquiry (10 May 1876).
18 Morning Post (9 May 1876); The Times (13 May 1876).
19 TNA:PRO MEPO 3/123 Clarke report (24 May 1876).
20 Ibid., Clarke memorandum (17 May 1876).
21 Ibid., Memorandum (prepared in 1929); The Times (18 May 1876).
22 The Times (27 June 1876).
23 TNA:PRO MEPO 3/123 Clarke report (29 May 1876).
24 Ibid., Memorandum (31 May 1876).
25 Ibid., Clarke report (5 June 1876).
26 Ibid.
27 Bridges (1956), pp. 293, 303; Ruddick (2001), p. 195.
28 The Times (12 August 1876); Hall (1923), pp. v, 1.
29 The Times (12 July–13 August 1876); Hamilton and Mooney (2010).
30 Juxon (1984), p. 163.
31 TNA:PRO MEPO 3/123 Clarke report (22 July 1876).
32 The Times (9 August 1876).
33 TNA:PRO MEPO 3/123 Clarke memorandum (20 July 1876).
34 Ibid., Clarke report (12 August 1876).
35 British Medical Journal (26 August 1876), pp. 264–6.
36 TNA:PRO MEPO 3/123 Clarke report (12 August 1876).
37 Ibid., Murder reward poster.
38 Ruddick (2001), pp. 134, 141, 183.
39 Juxon (1984), p. 137.
40 Bowen-Rowlands (1924), p. 135.
41 Hall (1923); Ruddick (2001).
42 Bridges (1956).
43 OBP (October 1876), Charles Howard (t18761023–511); Reynolds’s Newspaper (5 September 1876); Pall Mall Gazette (5 September 1876).
44 Ibid.
45 Reynolds’s Newspaper (3,5 and 10 September 1876); Pall Mall Gazette (5 September 1876); The Times (6, 12, 20 and 27 September) and (11 October 1876); Wikipedia, ‘Robert Carden’; Wikipedia, ‘Barnstaple (UK Parliament Constituency)’.
46 Pall Mall Gazette (3 September 1876).
47 The Times (11 October 1876).
48 OBP (October 1876), Charles Howard (t18761023–511); The Times (26 and 27 October 1876).
49 Ibid.
50 The Times (28 October 1876).
51 TNA:PRO HO 45/9419/58406 Letter from J. Oldfield (15 August 1876); Laws (1971).
52 Ibid.
53 TNA:PRO C16/829/T74 and C16/828/T45.
54 TNA:PRO HO 45/9419/58406 Clarke report (21 August 1876).
55 Griffiths (1901), Vol. 2, pp. 23–7; Kingston (1923), pp. 122–33; Kingston (1927), pp. 138–47; Ellis (1928), pp. 268–74.
56 TNA:PRO HO144/169/A43194.
57 The Times (15 May 1871); Pall Mall Gazette (20 November 1871); TNA:PRO C16/829/T74 and C16/828/T45.
58 TNA:PRO HO 45/9419/58406 Undated letter from John Jennings to Earl of Derby.
59 Ibid., Clarke report to Austrian Consul-General (22 September 1876).
60 Ibid., Clarke internal report (22 September 1876).
61 Ibid.
62 Liverpool Mercury (25 September 1876); Warrington Advertiser, Warrington Guardian, Supplement, and Cheshire Observer (all 30 September 1876).
63 Warrington Guardian (4 October 1876).
64 TNA:PRO HO 45/9419/58406 Letter from F. Krapf to Commissioner Henderson (11 October 1876).
65 Ibid., Clarke report (30 October 1876); MEPO 7/38 (28 September 1876); OBP (October 1876), Charles Howard (t18761023–511).
66 TNA:PRO HO 45/9419/58406 Clarke memorandum and report (28 and 30 October 1876, respectively).
67 Williams (1890), Vol. 2, pp. 32–4.
68 The Times and Freeman’s Journal (31 October 1876); Cheshire Observer (4 November 1876); Manchester Weekly Times (4 November 1876).
69 The Times (6 November 1876); Daily News (6 November 1876).
70 The Times (17 November 1876).
71 The Times (30 November 1876).
72 The Times (7 December 1876).
73 Ibid.
74 Ibid.
75 The Times (7 January 1877).
76 Cheshire Observer (23 June 1877).
77 The Times (23 June 1877).
78 Ibid.
79 The Times (21 and 25 June 1877).
80 The Times (25 June 1877).
81 The Times (3 July 1877).
82 Warrington Guardian (4 July 1877).
83 Lloyds Weekly Newspaper (8 July 1877).
84 The Times (19 November 1877), (5 and 21 December 1877) and (28 January 1890); Paddington, Kensington and Bayswater Chronicle (30 August 1890).
85 Freeston (1900), p. 29.
86 Kingston (1927), p. 147; TNA:PRO C16/829/T74.
87 Kingston (1923a), p. 126.
88 Meiklejohn (1912), pp. 92–102; Littlechild (1894), p. 203; Kingston (1924), p. 268; Wikipedia, ‘Adam Worth’.
89 Stewart (2000), p. 85.
90 The Times (12 September 1877).
7 The Great Turf Swindle and Police Corruption
1 Fun (29 August 1877).
2 Williams (1890), Vol. 2, pp. 48–55, 69–80; Clarke (1918), pp. 136–48; Dilnot (1928); Stewart (2000); Stratmann (2006), pp. 108–29.
3 Stewart (2000), pp. 73–84.
4 Ibid.
5 TNA:PRO MEPO 7/38 (28 September 1876).
6 Stewart (2000), pp. 85–6.
7 Ibid., p. 87; The Times (8 November 1876).
8 Stewart (2000), p. 123.
9 Ibid., pp. 126–7.
10 Ibid., pp. 86–8.
11 OBP (October 1877), John Meiklejohn, Nathaniel Druscovich, William Palmer, George Clarke, Edward Froggatt (t18771022–805).
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid.
14 Stewart (2000), pp. 124–5.
15 TNA:PRO HO144/21/60045 Liddell to Henderson (21 November 1876).
16 TNA:PRO MEPO 1/48 Henderson to R. Stuart, Procurator Fiscal (c. 10 December 1876) and Labalmondière to Stuart (25 November 1876).
17 The Times (9 July 1872); OBP (July 1872), Harry Benson (t18720708–502); Stewart (2000), pp. 9–14.
18 TNA:PRO HO144/21/60045; Stewart (2000), p. 91.
19 OBP (April 1877), Harry Benson, William Kurr, Charles Bale, Frederick Kurr, Edwin Murray (t18770409–391); OBP (October 1877), John Meiklejohn, Nathaniel Druscovich, William Palmer, George Clarke, Edward Froggatt (t18771022�
��805).
20 OBP (April 1877), Harry Benson, William Kurr, Charles Bale, Frederick Kurr, Edwin Murray (t18770409–391); The Times (1 December 1876).
21 Stewart (2000), p. 93.
22 Ibid.
23 TNA:PRO HO144/21/60045 Letter from ‘Charles Collinge’ (Frederick Kurr).
24 The Times (1 September 1877).
25 Stewart (2000), pp. 93–5; Littlechild (1894), pp. 45–7.
26 Daily News (4 December 1876).
27 TNA:PRO MEPO 3/3070 Clarke Report (26 December 1876).
28 The Times (28 December 1876).
29 OBP (October 1877), John Meiklejohn, Nathaniel Druscovich, William Palmer, George Clarke, Edward Froggatt (t18771022–805).
30 OBP (April 1877), Harry Benson, William Kurr, Charles Bale, Frederick Kurr, Edwin Murray (t18770409–391);
31 Stewart (2000), p. 96.
32 Williams (1890), Vol. 2, pp. 49–50.
33 OBP (April 1877), Harry Benson, William Kurr, Charles Bale, Frederick Kurr, Edwin Murray (t18770409–391).
34 Ibid.
35 The Times (24 April 1877); Stewart (2000), pp. 97–9.
36 TNA:PRO PCOM 2/77 and PCOM 2/99.
37 Stewart (2000), p. 129.
38 TNA:PRO MEPO 7/39 Police Orders for 23 January 1877 and 13 February 1877.
39 Information courtesy of the Library and Museum of Freemasonry, Freemason’s Hall, London.
40 The Era (2 November 1873).
41 Ridley (1999), p. 93.
42 The Era (25 July 1875).
43 Information courtesy of the Library and Museum of Freemasonry, Freemason’s Hall, London.
44 OBP (October 1877), John Meiklejohn, Nathaniel Druscovich, William Palmer, George Clarke, Edward Froggatt (t18771022–805); Wikipedia, ‘Masonic Lodge Officers’.
45 Stewart (2000), p. 129.
46 OBP (October 1877), John Meiklejohn, Nathaniel Druscovich, William Palmer, George Clarke, Edward Froggatt (t18771022–805).
47 Stewart (2000), p. 140; TNA;PRO HO 65/35 Home Office to Henderson (23 December 1876) and (4 January 1877).
48 TNA:PRO HO 65/36 Liddell to Henderson (9 June 1877).
49 Stewart (2000), pp. 129–30.
50 TNA:PRO HO 45/9442/66692a Memorandum from Stephenson to Cross (18 May 1877).
51 Stewart (2000), p. 130.
52 The Times (27 August 1877).
53 Stewart (2000), pp. 166–8; TNA:PRO MEPO 7/39 Police Orders for 27 July and 8 August 1877; Greenham (1904), p. 137.
54 The Times (13 July 1877).
55 The Times (20 July 1877).
56 The Times (20 and 26 July 1877), (3–4, 6, 13, 17–18, 20, 24, 27 and 31 August 1877) and (1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 19, 21, 24 September 1877); OBP (October 1877), John Meiklejohn, Nathaniel Druscovich, William Palmer, George Clarke, Edward Froggatt (t18771022–805).
57 TNA:PRO HO 65/37 Lushington to Henderson (2 October 1877).
58 TNA:PRO MEPO 7/39 Police Orders for 27 July 1877.
59 TNA:PRO MEPO 3/128 and 3/129.
60 The Times (26 July 1877); Dilnot (1928), p. 88.
61 The Times (3, 13, 17–18 August 1877).
62 The Times (27 and 30 August 1877).
63 The Times (7 September 1877).
64 The Times (10 November 1877).
65 TNA:PRO HO45/9442/66692a Memorandum from Holker and Giffard to Home Secretary (29 August 1877).
66 Ibid., from Liddell to Home Secretary (1 September 1877).
67 Ibid., from Sir Augustus Stephenson (2 September 1877).
68 Newcastle Courant (14 September 1877).
69 Hampshire Telegraph (15 September 1877).
70 Williams (1890), Vol. 2, pp. 48–55, 69–80; Clarke (1918), pp. 136–48; Dilnot (1928); Stewart (2000); Stratmann (2006), pp. 108–29.
71 Ibid.
72 Hertfordshire Express (15 September 1877).
73 Ibid.
74 The Times (14 September 1877).
75 The Times (21 September 1877).
76 Ibid.
77 Ibid.
78 Daily Telegraph (22 September 1877).
79 The Times (22 and 24 September 1877).
80 Daily Telegraph (24 September 1877).
81 Dilnot (1928); Stewart (2000); OBP (October 1877), John Meiklejohn, Nathaniel Druscovich, William Palmer, George Clarke, Edward Froggatt (t18771022–805); national and regional newspapers (25 October–21 November 1877).
82 TNA:PRO HO45/9442/66692a Lewis and Lewis to R.A. Cross (25 September 1877) and (10 October 1877).
83 Ibid. Henderson to Cross (2 October 1877); Stewart (2000), pp. 117–8.
84 Juxon (1984), pp. 146–54.
85 Clarke (1918), p. 138.
86 Ibid., pp. 144–5.
87 The Times (21 September 1877).
88 OBP (October 1877), John Meiklejohn, Nathaniel Druscovich, William Palmer, George Clarke, Edward Froggatt (t18771022–805).
89 Ibid.
90 Ibid.
91 Ibid.
92 Ibid.
93 Clarke (1918), p. 141.
94 Ibid.
95 TNA: PRO HO27.
96 OBP (October 1877), John Meiklejohn, Nathaniel Druscovich, William Palmer, George Clarke, Edward Froggatt (t18771022–805).
97 Ibid.
98 Ibid.
99 Clarke (1918), p. 146.
100 Daily Telegraph (21 November 1877).
101 D. Walker-Smith and E. Clarke (1939), p. 106.
102 TNA:PRO HO45/9442/66692A Clarke memorandum (15 December 1877).
103 Ibid., Cross to Henderson (15 December 1877).
104 Ibid., Henderson memorandum (15 December 1877).
105 TNA:PRO MEPO 21/14/4724.
106 TNA:PRO HO 65/37 Liddell to Henderson (4 January 1878).
107 Ibid., (22 October 1879).
108 TNA:PRO CRIM 4/914; PCOM 2/77 and PCOM 2/103.
109 Jackson’s Oxford Journal (4 December 1880); New York Times (31 December 1881); Probate records.
110 Clarke (1914), pp. 147–8; 1881 census; Probate records.
111 Reynolds’s Newspaper (13 June 1880); 1881 and 1891 censuses.
112 Juxon (1984), pp. 223–4; Freeman’s Journal (8 and 9 July 1884) and (3 October 1884); Bristol Mercury (22 December 1884).
113 Northern Echo (19 November 1884); Aberdeen Weekly Journal (16 December 1884); Manchester Times (30 October 1886).
114 Reynolds’s Newspaper (18 November 1888).
115 Leeds Mercury, Saturday supplement (4 January–5 April 1890).
116 The Times (11–13 November 1903).
117 Meiklejohn (1912), p. 130.
118 TNA:PRO HO 45/9442/66692a Statement of William Walters (17 February 1880); Newcastle Courant (2 July 1880).
119 Bristol Mercury (22 September 1882).
120 Daily Post (8 October 1885).
121 TNA:PRO HO 144/21/60045 Benson to Cross (11 October 1885).
122 Fitzgerald (1888), Vol. 1, p. 338.
123 Wikipedia, ‘Adelina Patti’.
124 TNA:PRO HO 144/21/60045 Benson to Cross (11 October 1885); Fitzgerald (1888), Vol. 1, p. 338.
125 Liverpool Mercury (18 May 1888).
126 TNA:PRO HO 45/9442/66692.
127 Ibid.
128 TNA:PRO MEPO 2/134 Williamson memoranda (6 July 1870) and (20 November 1871).
129 TNA:PRO HO 45/9442/66692.
130 Ibid.
131 Stewart (2000), pp. 200–3.
132 TNA:PRO HO45/10002/A49463 Monro to Home Office (5 November 1888).
133 Andrews (1985), p. 44.
134 Campbell (2002), p. 147.
135 TNA:PRO MEPO 2/238; HO 144/190/A46472E.
136 Ibid.
137 White (2007), p. 402; Emsley (1996), p. 66; Wikipedia, ‘Edmund Henderson’.
138 Kelly’s Commercial Directory (1882–83); OBP (November 1881), Mary Saunders (t18811121–11).
139 Kelly’s Commercial Directory (1884–91).
140 Northern Echo (11 August 1886).
141 Information courtesy of the Library an
d Museum of Freemasonry, Freemason’s Hall, London.
142 OBP (October 1892), Thomas Neill [Cream] (t18921017–961).
143 TNA:PRO MEPO 3/144 Report of Inspector Harvey (23 May 1892); Shore (1923).
144 OBP (March 1895), Henry John Clarke, Ellen Lyon (t18950325–334).
Epilogue
1 Collins (1868), p. 324.
2 The Times (21 November 1877).
3 Dilnot (1928), p. 54.
4 Clarke (1918), p. 144.
5 Ibid., p. 138.
6 Walker-Smith and Clarke (1939), pp. 243–5.
7 Clarke (1918), pp. 1–2.
8 Stewart (2000).
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Offices of the publishers are located in London, UK, unless otherwise stated.
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