The Tempting of America

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The Tempting of America Page 52

by Robert H. Bork


  San Francisco Arts &? Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Comm., 483 U.S. 522 (1987), 324

  Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935), 52

  Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618 (1969), 73

  Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948), 151-53, 159,324

  Skinner v. Oklahoma, 316 U.S. 535 (1942), 62-67, 90, 97, 113, 232

  Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 36 (1872), 37-40, 63, 65, 149,180

  South Carolina v. Katzenbach, 383 U.S. 301 (1966), 324

  Sugarman v. Dougall, 413 U.S. 634 (1973), 182

  Swift v. Tyson, 41 U.S. (16 Pet.) 1 (1842), 156

  Telecommunications Research & Action Center v. FCC, 801 F.2d 501 (D.C. Cir. 1986), 335

  Texas v. Johnson, 57 U.S.L.W. 4770 (U.S. June 21, 1989), 127-28

  Texas Monthly, Inc. v. Bullock, 51 U.S.L.W. 4168 (U.S. Feb. 21,1989), 128

  Thomburgh v. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists, 476 U.S. 747 (1986), 337

  Trimble v. Gordon, 430 U.S. 762 (1977), 182

  United Jewish Organizations v. Carey, 430 U.S. 144 (1977), 326

  United States v. Butler, 297 U.S. 1 (1936), 53

  United States v. Carolene Products Co., 304 U.S. 144 (1938), 58-61

  United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 438 U.S. 422 (1978), 332

  United Steelworkers of America í. Weber, 443 U.S. 193 (1979), 102, 103

  Wallace v. Jaffree, 472 U.S. 38 (1985), 95

  Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio, 57 U.S.L.W. 4583 (U.S. June 5, 1989), 108-9

  Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 51 U.S.L.W. 5023 (U.S. July 3,1989), 116, 117

  Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld, 420 U.S. 636 (1975), 84

  West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 300 U.S. 379 (1937), 57-58

  Whiting v. Sheboygan & Fond du Lac Railroad Co., 25 Wis. 167 (1870), 39

  Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 ( 1942),56

  Willson v. Black Bird Creek Marsh Co., 27 U.S. (2 Pet.) 245 (1829), 26

  Winship, In re, 397 U.S. 358 (1970), 32

  Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972),247

  Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25 (1949), 94

  Yick Wo v. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356 (1886), 329-30

  Index

  Abendschein, Dr. and Mrs. Walter, 308

  Abortion, 169

  consequences of Webster, 116-17

  effect of Roe decision on states’ power to regulate, 112, 114-15

  right to, 8

  strategy to ignore, 291

  Tribe position on rights to, 202-3

  Accountability, 4-5

  Ackerman, Bruce, 214-15

  Activist groups

  opposition strategy of, 11, 283-93, 323

  response to civil rights and abortion decisions, 349

  and 60s generation group, 338-39

  variety of, 338-343

  Activist judges. See Revisionist judges

  Acton, Lord, 141

  Adams, John, 21

  Administrative law, 332-33

  Affirmative action. See Discrimination; Quotas

  AFL-CIO, 283, 286, 323

  AFSCME. See American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME)

  Agnew, Spiro, 272, 278

  Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933, 53

  Alliance for Justice, 284

  American Bar Association, 292-93

  American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 96, 243-45, 287-88, 323, 341, 343

  American Enterprise Institute, 321

  American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), 286-87

  Anthony, Robert A., 332

  Antidiscrimination laws, 102-10 See also Civil Rights Act of 1964

  Anti-Federalists

  and Bill of Rights, 93

  and states’ rights, 185

  Antitrust law

  Bork’s position on, 332

  economic analysis applied to, 255

  effect of Warren Court decisions on, 73 See also Consumer welfare

  Apportionment (legislative districts). See Legislative reapportionment cases; One person, one vote doctrine

  Babbitt, Bruce, 284

  Bailey, John, 89

  Baker, Howard, 268, 276, 277

  Balch, Stephen, 339

  Bell, Griffin B., 308

  Belloc, Hilaire, 4, 11

  Bellow, Saul, 342

  Bentsen, Lloyd, 309

  Berger, Raoul, 223-24

  Berns, Walter, 316, 321

  Bickel, Alexander M., 80, 232, 272, 316

  on civil disobedience, 131-32

  departure from Constitution, 207

  on judicial principles not in Constitution, 190-93

  on judicial review, 188-90

  on legal realism, 71-72

  on 60s generation, 342

  Biden, Joseph, 283, 284, 288, 291, 296, 297, 301, 307, 323

  Biden Report, 287, 288, 291, 331-32, 335

  Bill of Rights

  derivation of right of privacy from, 97

  guaranteed freedoms from government, 353

  guarantee of liberties by, 4

  guarantees against national government, 4, 93

  incorporation theory for, 94, 129 See also Federalism

  Bingham, John, 39, 181

  Bituminous Coal Conservation Act of 1935, 53

  Black, Hugo, 32, 56, 72

  on first amendment, 148

  on fourteenth amendment, 48

  on Harper decision, 324

  incorporation of Bill of Rights into due process clause, 94

  on poll tax, 91

  on presumed right of privacy, 100

  on prohibition of flag burning, 128

  Black-Douglas wing of New Deal Court, 69-70, 72, 146

  Blackmun, Harry, 108, 156

  moral basis for legalizing abortion, 115

  opinion in Roe, 112-14

  right of privacy argument in Bowers, 120-23, 125-26

  Bolt, Robert, 354

  Bork, Charles (son), 271, 277, 297, 312, 313, 315

  Bork, Claire Davidson (first wife), 271, 272, 278

  Bork, Elizabeth (mother), 295, 300

  Bork, Ellen (daughter), 271, 277-78, 297, 312, 313

  Bork, Mary Ellen Pohl (second wife), 273, 274, 277-78, 281, 295, 297, 308, 311, 312, 313, 315, 316, 321

  Bork, Robert H.

  on interpretation of Constitution, 167-69

  as judge in United States Court of Appeals, 273

  meaning of nomination conflict, 271

  nomination to Supreme Court, 177, 267-68

  opening statement at confirmation hearings, 300-301

  resignation from Court of Appeals, 317-19

  as Solicitor General, 272

  statement announcing decision not to withdraw, 313-15

  Bork, Robert H . , Jr. (son), 271, 277, 295, 297, 311, 312, 313, 315

  Bradley, Joseph, 38-39, 65

  Brennan, William J . , Jr., 72, 108

  constitutional interpretation theory, 219

  interpretation of Civil Rights Law, 103-5

  interpretation of freedom of speech guarantee, 127-28

  on interpretation of substantive due process, 237-40

  on legitimate judicial review, 162

  on section 5 of fourteenth amendment, 92

  unconstitutionality of death penalty, 219, 220

  Brest, Paul, 148-9, 171, 172, 173, 175, 208

  Broder, David, 315

  Brown, Henry B., 74

  Brownell, Herbert, 308

  Brubaker, Stanley, 206

  Burger, Warren, 89, 101, 295

  dissent in Weber, 103-4

  on equal opportunity under Civil Rights Law, 102-3

  Burger Court, 130

  transformation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Law, 102-7

  Burke, Edmund, 353, 355

  Bush, George, 311, 313, 340, 342, 343

  Busing, 325

  Byrd, Robert, 296

  Byrnes, James, 56

  Calhoun, John C , 2
8

  Campaign against confirmation. See Confirmation hearings

  Capital punishment, 274-75

  Caplan, Russell, 184

  Carper, Judy, 276

  Carvin, Mike, 280

  Catholic Council on Civil Liberties, 96

  Center for Law and Social Policy, 341

  Center for Media and Public Affairs, 281-82

  Centralization of government. See Commerce clause; Federalism; New Deal Court; Roosevelt, Franklin D.

  Chafee, John, 281

  Chase, Salmon, 34—36

  Chase, Samuel, 19-20, 22, 25, 33

  Chesterton, G . K., 176

  Civil disobedience, 131-32, 265, 334

  Civil liberty, 244

  Civil rights activists. See Activist groups

  Civil Rights Act of 1964, 80-81, 102-10, 147

  Clark, Brad, 280

  Clark, Tom, 72

  Classifications, state

  differences in, 65—66

  discrete and insular minorities as contrived, 58-61

  effect of Warren Court decisions on, 73

  and equal protection of the laws, 64

  Clifford, Nathan, 41

  Commerce clause

  as instrument for economic regulation, 51-52

  interpretation encroaching on state regulation, 56-57

  as interpreted in Gibbons and Willson, 27

  Common Cause, 341

  Confirmation hearings

  campaign against, 9-10, 282-93

  impact on conduct of future hearings, 346-47

  impact on legal community of, 347

  opposition tactics to distort, 308

  plan to postpone, 283

  Congressional powers

  constitutional limits to, 56

  Conrad, Kent, 309

  Constitution, U.S.

  Article I, section 8, 51-52

  Article VI, clauses 2 and 3, 174

  contracts clause of article I, section 10, 229

  countermajoritarian nature of guarantees in, 173

  departure from original understanding of, 130-31

  guarantee of republican form of government, 85

  interpretation through original understanding, 159-60

  meaning of section 5 of fourteenth amendment, 92

  preservation of states’ autonomy, 4

  Privileges and Immunities Clause of, 180-81

  protection of both men and women, 328

  protection of individual privacy by, 246

  protection of minorities by, 60

  separation of powers, 139

  sources for understanding, 165

  when not considered as law, 171-76

  Constitutional Convention

  attempts to include judicial policy role, 154

  Constitutional law, 133-38

  and effect of Brown opinion, 77-78

  and importance of original understanding, 352

  and legal realism, 71-72

  liberalism and ultraliberalism in, 7

  moral choices in revisionist theories of, 251

  Constitutional law—Continued

  when changed by judicial power, 119-20

  Consumers Union, 341

  Consumer welfare, 331-32

  Contracts clause, 229

  Cooley, Thomas, 40

  Court packing, 23, 53-54, 57

  Cox, Archibald, 272, 278

  Cranston, Alan, 283

  Cribb, Ken, 275

  Criminal law, 73

  Critical Legal Studies, 207-8, 339

  Culvahouse, A. B., 275-76

  Currie, David, 27, 32, 39

  Curtis, Benjamin, 33-34

  Cutler, Lloyd, 279-80, 338

  Danforth, John, 281, 297, 315

  Death penalty, 221, 274-75

  Brennan position on, 219

  subject for legislative decision, 9

  DeConcini, Dennis, 281, 285, 296, 310

  DeMuth, Christopher, 321

  Devlin, Lord, 249

  Director, Aaron, 225

  Discrete and insular minorities, 58-61

  Discrimination

  ethnic, 107, 109

  gender, 104-6

  private racial, 147

  Tribe position on racial, 205-6 See also Preferences; Quotas; Racial equality; Women’s rights

  Dole, Robert, 297, 311, 315

  Douglas, William O., 56, 62-64, 72, 73

  creation in Griswold of right of privacy, 97-98, 220

  on equal protection, 90-91

  on first amendment, 148

  influence in New Deal and Warren Courts, 135-36

  Due process clause

  creation of liberty of contract in, 45

  fifth amendment, 37, 46

  of fourteenth amendment, 37, 231, 238

  interpretation in Allgeyer, 43-4-4

  interpretation in Dred Scott, 31

  interpretation of liberty in, 43-44

  interpreted as equal protection, 83

  and protection of economic liberty, 57-61

  use in Poe, 231, 238

  Due process clause, substantive, 31-32, 60, 83, 129

  Harlan’s interpretation of, 231-33

  opinions in Michael H. using, 236-40

  Dukakis, Michael, 307, 343

  Dukes, Hazel, 284

  Dworkin, Ronald, 176-77

  Economic liberties, 56-58, 61, 224

  Economic regulation, 51

  Court limits on national level for, 51-52

  use of substantive due process to invalidate state, 36-7 See also Commerce clause

  Egalitarianism

  effect of, 245-46

  of left-liberal groups, 245

  theme of Warren Court, 72-73

  of Tribe, 200, 206

  Eighth amendment, 274-75

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 74, 77

  Ely, John Hart, 32

  constitutional theory of, 194—99

  departure from Constitution of, 207

  on due process, 180

  on enforcement of Constitution, 161

  on equal protection clause, 182-83

  as example of intellectual class position, 242

  on footnote four of Carolene Products opinion, 194—95

  on ninth amendment, 183, 185

  on original understanding, 162, 178-79

  on Privileges and Immunities Clause, 180-81

  support for Warren Court of, 194

  Environmental Defense Fund, 341

  Epstein, Richard, 223, 229-31

  Equality, 81-82, 92-93

  racial, 148-50

  Equal protection clause, 90-91

  application to states only, 37, 83

  decision in Croson, 108

  expansion of use in Warren Court of, 73

  forbidding racial segregation by government, 147

  of fourteenth amendment, 37

  opinion in Brown using, 75-77

  in Plessy, 74

  protection of women under, 328-29

  and right of privacy, 110-26

  Equal protection of the laws, 64

  Evans, Daniel, 285

  Exon, James, 309

  Fairman, Charles, 39

  Federalism

  guarantee in tenth amendment for, 4, 52, 184-85

  preservation of concept of, 52, 159

  as protection of individual liberty, 52-53 See also Commerce clause; States; States’ power

  Federalists and Bill of Rights, 93

  Fehrenbacher, Don, 34

  Feminist Men’s Alliance, 289-90, 323, 325

  Field, Stephen, 38

  Fifteenth amendment, 36

  Fifth amendment

  takings clause of, 229 See also Due process clause

  First amendment, 147-48

  freedom of speech guarantee in, 301-5

  moral relativism embedded in, 247

  protection of freedom of religion, 246

  Rehnquist Court interpretation of freedoms under, 126-28

  Fish, Hamilton, 297

  Ford,
Gerald, 106-7, 297

  Fortas, Abe, 72, 128

  Founders

  bequest of self-government, 352

  intent to limit powers of government, 163

  intent for role of judges, 184

  and republican form of government, 86

  role of judiciary intended by, 154

  silence on meaning of ninth amendment, 183

  Fourteenth amendment

  development of substantive content in due process clause, 129

  due process clause of, 36-37

  primary purpose of, 180See also Due process clause; Equal protection clause

  Fourth amendment

  guarantee of privacy in, 169-70

  protection of privacy, 246

  right of privacy under, 123

  Frankfurter, Felix, 56, 231

  on constitutionality, 156

  dissent in Baker, 87

  on precedent, 156

  Frankfurter-Jackson wing, New Deal Court, 69

  Freedom of association, 79

  Freedom of religion, 94-95, 125

  decisions curtailing, 94—95

  moral interpretation by Court for, 247

  protection by first amendment of, 246

  Freedom of speech

  Bork record on, 333-36

  first amendment guarantee used in Texas v. Johnson, 127

  Freedom of the press in Oilman, 167

  French Revolution, 355

  Friedman, Milton, 255

  Friendly, Henry, 165

  Garment, Suzanne, 321

  Gender. See Discrimination; Preferences

  Gephardt, Richard, 284

  Gerry, Elbridge, 154

  Gilles, Steve, 280

  Ginsburg, Douglas, 292-93

  Goldberg, Arthur J., 72

  Goldwin, Robert, 321

  Graglia, Lino, 223-24

  Grano, Joseph, 223-24

  Grant, Ulysees, 54

  Grassley, Charles, 296, 299, 307

  Grey, Thomas, 209-10

  Hamilton, Alexander, 154

  Hand, Learned, 6, 224

  Handler, Milton, 73

  Harlan, John Marshall, 74, 223

  on Harper decision, 324

  on obscenity, 248-49

  on poll tax, 91

  use of due process of fourteenth amendment, 231-35

  Hatch, Orrin, 296, 298, 307

  Haynesworth, Clement, 348

  Hearings. See Confirmation hearings

  Heflin, Howell, 285, 296

  Hills, Carta, 280

  Himmelfarb, Gertrude, 137, 249

  Hoadly, Bishop, 176

  Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., 6, 45, 46, 47-48, 63, 248

  Homosexuality, 9, 249-50

  position of Richards on criminalization of, 211-12

  and right of privacy in Bowers, 115-26

  subject for legislative decision, 9

  Howard, Jacob M., 181

  Hughes, Charles Evans, 58, 176

  Human Life Bill, 289-90, 325

  Hume, David, 255, 256

  Humphrey, Gordon J., 296, 299, 307

 

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