4. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to Millions,” p. 402.
5. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 10, p. 6.
6. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to Millions,” pp. 407–10.
7. Hornaday, Extermination of the American Bison, p. 230.
8. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to Millions,” pp. 414–17.
9. Ibid., 418.
10. Hornaday, Extermination of the American Bison, p. 230.
11. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, pp. 8, 9; Hornaday, Extermination of the American Bison, pp. 230, 231.
CHAPTER 4: SOUVENIR OF A LOST WORLD
1. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to Millions,” p. 420; Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, p. 10.
2. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, pp. 10–12; Hornaday, Wild-Animal Round-Up, pp. 11–14.
3. Hornaday, Wild-Animal Round-Up, pp. 282, 283.
4. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to Millions,” pp. 429–31.
5. Ibid., p. 432.
CHAPTER 5: THE LAST BUFFALO HUNT
1. Hornaday, Wild-Animal Round-Up, p. 15.
2. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 10, p. 3.
3. Ibid., p. 5.
4. Hornaday, Extermination of the American Bison, pp. 467, 534; Hornaday, memorandum, September 18, 1886, Official Incoming Correspondence, 1882–90, vol. H, 356, cited in Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to Millions,” p. 438.
5. Peterson, “Buffalo Hunting in Montana in 1886,” pp. 2–13.
6. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, pp. 16, 17.
7. Hornaday, Extermination of the American Bison, p. 238.
8. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, p. 34.
9. Hornaday, Journal of Trip No. 4, Part II, October 20, 1886, cited in Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to Millions,” p. 447.
10. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, pp. 15, 16.
11. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to Millions,” pp. 445, 446; Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, p. 17.
12. Hornaday, Journal of Trip No. 4, Part II, October 14, 1886.
13. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, pp. 28–31.
14. Ibid., p. 32.
15. Ibid., p. 33.
16. “The Bad Winter,” lyrics by Hermann Hagedorn; also Mitchell, “Winter of 1886–87,” p. 3.
17. Garretson, American Bison, p. 193.
CHAPTER 6: A MYSTERIOUS STRANGER
1. Hornaday, Extermination of the American Bison, p. 252.
2. From Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, p. 491.
3. Bridges, A Gathering of Animals, p. 22.
4. “Vindication of America’s Greatest,” Parks and Recreation, February 1932; “Revolution in Taxidermy,” Commercial Advertiser (NY), May 3, 1883.
5. This reconstruction of Hornaday’s first meeting with Theodore Roosevelt is based on his account of this remarkable encounter in Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 11, pp. 18, 19; another brief account occurs in Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 467.
6. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 15, p 11.
7. Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt, p. 17; (nicknames) Morris, Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 144.
8. Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, Box 1, folder marked 1909–1930.
9. Millard, River of Doubt, pp. 14–18.
10. TR diary entry, February 3, 1880, American Memory, Library of Congress website, memory.loc.gov.
11. TR diary entry, July 4, 1880, ibid.
12. Millard, River of Doubt, p. 17.
13. McCullough, Mornings on Horseback, p. 293.
14. TR diary entry, February 17, 1884, American Memory, Library of Congress website, memory.loc.gov.
15. Watts, Rough Rider in the White House.
16. “The Strenuous Life” is the name of a speech TR gave in Chicago, April 10, 1899, from Roosevelt, The Strenuous Life, p. 1.
17. “History,” Theodore Roosevelt National Park Information Page, http://www.theodore.roosevelt.national-park.com.
18. Report of the U.S. National Museum, 1888 (Washington, D.C.: 1890), p. 60.
19. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 11, p. 19.
CHAPTER 7: “A NOBILITY BEYOND ALL COMPARE”
1. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 101.
2. Hornaday, Extermination of the American Bison, p. 30.
3. Ibid., pp. 215, 220, 221.
4. Ibid., p. 82.
5. Cody, Adventures of Buffalo Bill Cody, p. 111.
6. Hornaday, Extermination of the American Bison, p. 137.
7. Ibid., pp. 135–42; McHugh, Time of the Buffalo, pp. 258–64.
8. Rinella, American Buffalo, pp. 221–24.
9. Utley, Indian Wars, p. 144.
10. Isenberg, Destruction of the Bison, p. 103.
11. Hornaday, Extermination of the American Bison, p. 179.
12. All quotes from ibid., pp. 205–12.
13. Ibid., pp. 212, 213.
14. Hoyt-Goldsmith, Buffalo Days, p. 349.
15. Lott, American Bison, pp. 70–72.
16. Dodge, Hunting Grounds of the Great West, p. 116.
17. McHugh, Time of the Buffalo, pp. 13–17.
18. Dodge, Hunting Grounds of the Great West.
19. Ibid., p. 116.
20. Marder, Indians in the Americas, p. 6.
21. Hornaday, Our Vanishing Wild Life, p. x.
22. Hornaday, Thirty Years War for Wild Life, p. 1.
CHAPTER 8: EXPLORATIONS AND ADVENTURES IN EQUATORIAL AFRICA
1. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 53; also Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 3.
2. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 49.
3. Ibid., p. 54.
4. Ward, Catalogue of Casts of Fossils.
5. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 38.
6. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” pp. 4, 30.
7. Smith, History of Dickinson County, p. 378.
8. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 14.
9. Ibid., p. 15.
10. Ibid., p. 13.
11. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 27.
12. Ibid., pp. 20, 29.
13. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 1, p. 13.
14. Ibid., chapter 2, p. 2.
15. Hornaday, Evolution of a Zoologist, p. 19.
16. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 38.
17. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 33.
18. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 3, pp. 1–4.
19. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 39.
20. “Paul du Chaillu,” National Geographic 14 (1903): 282–85.
21. Ibid., p. 283.
22. Du Chaillu, Adventures in the Great Forest, p. 53.
23. “Behind the Scenes: King Kong,” Stereotype & Society blog, May 27, 2007, http://stereotypeandsociety.typepad.com.
24. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 55.
25. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 4, pp. 52–54.
26. Ibid., chapter 4, p. 2.
CHAPTER 9: YEARNING, TOO MUCH, FOR FAME
1. Hornaday letter to Ward, January 8, 1875, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress.
2. Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, chapter 1, p. 1.
3. Chester Jackson journal, pp. 6–7, cited in Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 62.
4. Dehler, “American Crusader,” pp. 43, 44.
5. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” pp. 65, 66.
6. Hornaday, “The Crocodile in Florida,” p. 320.
7. Grigg, “Morphology and Physiology of the Crocodylia,” pp. 326–36.
8. Bite Force, Dangerous Encounters series, National Geographic documentary, dir. Brady Barr, 2007.
9. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 68.
10. Hornaday, Hornaday’s American Natural History, p. 320; Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 45.
CHAPTER 10: THE EM
PRESS JOSEPHINE
1. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 77.
2. Ibid., p. 79, from draft of Eighty Fascinating Years, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 19, folder 7, pp. 2–4, and folder 9, p. 2.
3. Letter from Hornaday to Josephine Hornaday, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, March 20, 1900.
4. Ibid., box 19, folder 9, pp. 3–4.
5. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 80.
6. Ibid., p. 138; Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, p. 491.
7. Chester Jackson journal, cited in Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 82.
8. Ibid., p. 88.
9. “Canoe and Rifle on the Orinoco,” Youth’s Companion 59, March 19–April 16, 1885.
10. “Orinoco River,” New World Encyclopedia Online, http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/.
11. Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, p. 57.
12. Hornaday letter to Theodore Roosevelt, May 18, 1914, cited in Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 49.
13. Hornaday to Chester Jackson, December 15, 1876, cited in Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 139.
CHAPTER 11: MAN-EATERS OF THE ANIMALLAI HILLS
1. Modern atlases spell the name of the South India hills as “Anaimalai.” Here, I use the spelling Hornaday used in his Two Years in the Jungle, “Animallai.”
2. Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, p. 128; “Norfolk jacket” from photos of Hornaday dressed for hunting, in Hornaday, Camp-Fires in the Canadian Rockies, pp. 59, 83, 215.
3. A.J. Liebling, “The Great Gouamba,” New Yorker, December 7, 1946, p. 88.
4. Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, p. 119.
5. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 139.
6. Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, p. 152.
7. Corbett, Man-Eaters of Kumaon, pp. 12, 16.
8. Headley, H. M. Stanley’s Wonderful Adventures, p. 240.
9. Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, p. 174.
10. Letter dated June 25, 1877, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, folder 1877—1900.
11. Hornaday letter to Jackson, October 18, 1877, cited in Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 137.
12. Ibid.
13. Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, p. 474.
14. Ibid., p. 465.
15. Ibid., p. 156.
16. Dialogue section adapted from ibid.
17. Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, p. 158.
18. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” pp. 183, 186.
CHAPTER 12: DARWIN’S FIRESTORM
1. The Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley, D. Appleton & Co., 1902, vol. 1, 189.
2. Alfred Russel Wallace website, http://wallacefund.info/.
3. Barlow, Autobiography of Charles Darwin, p. 122.
4. Forbes, In the Steps of the Great American Zoologist William Temple Hornaday, p. 57.
5. Wallace website, http://wallacefund.info/.
6. Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, p. 420.
7. Ibid., p. 335.
8. Ibid.
9. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 237.
10. Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, p. 356.
11. Ibid., pp. 357, 465.
12. Letter to the Literary Gazette, October 12, 1855, in Wallace, My Life, p. 342.
13. Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, pp. 359–65.
14. Dialogue adapted from ibid.
15. Ibid., p. 408.
16. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 245.
17. Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, p. 405.
18. Ibid., p. 407.
19. Hornaday, “On the Species of Bornean Orangs, with Notes on Their Habits,” pp. 438–55.
20. Twain, quoted in Sheldon, Mark Twain, chapter 9.
21. From foreword to Carnegie, Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie.
22. Carnegie, Round the World, p. 77.
23. Beacon (Boston), October 10, 1885.
24. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 80.
25. Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, p. 488.
26. Hornaday letter to Jackson, December 2, 1879.
27. Hornaday, Two Years in the Jungle, dedication.
CHAPTER 13: “A THIEF IN THE NIGHT”
1. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 9, p. 1.
2. Kudos to Lawrence Bechtel for this insight.
3. From a 1931 letter to Rosalie Edge, quoted in Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 92.
4. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 9, p. 2.
5. “Spencer Fullerton Baird,” Encyclopedia Dickinsonian Online, http://chronicles.dickinson.edu/.
6. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 9, p. 2.
7. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 570.
8. Cole, German Carp in the United States, pp. 543, 544; Ben Schley, “A Century of Fish Conservation” (1871–1971),” Conservation History, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, May 21, 2009.
9. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 9, pp. 3–5.
10. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 571.
11. Baker, National Zoological Park, p. 446.
12. Ibid., p. 575.
13. Wood, The Origin of Public Bison Herds in the United States, pp. 157–82; Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 9, p. 5.
14. Neihardt, Black Elk Speaks, p. 33.
15. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 9, p. 5.
16. Ibid., chapter 9, p. 11.
17. “Samuel Pierpont Langley,” Flying Machines, http://www.flyingmachines.org/.
18. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 105.
19. New York Public Opinion op-ed, cited in Report of the Smithsonian Institution, 1888, p. 44.
20. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” pp. 587–98.
21. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 106.
22. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” chapter 9, pp. 9–11.
23. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 9, p. 9.
24. Ibid., chapter 9, p. 11.
CHAPTER 14: A DREAM DEFERRED
1. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 9, p. 11.
2. Ibid., chapter 9, p. 12.
3. Ibid., chapter 9, p. 13.
4. Ibid., chapter 9, pp. 12–15.
5. Hornaday letter dated February 24, 1899, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, folder 1877–1900.
6. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years, chapter 9, p. 15.
7. Hornaday letter to Henry Fairfield Osborn, quoted in Bridges, Gathering of Animals, p. 24.
8. David O. Whitten, “The Depression of 1893,” EH.net Encyclopedia, posted February 1, 2010, http://eh.net/encyclopedia/.
9. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 649.
10. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 111.
CHAPTER 15: SCANDAL AT THE ZOO
1. “A Zoological Rivalry: The Many American Cities with Animal Collections,” New York Times, August 30, 1896.
2. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 117.
3. Larson, Devil in the White City.
4. Bridges, Gathering of Animals, p. 129.
5. Spiro, Defending the Master Race, p. 33.
6. Ibid., p. 33.
7. Rudyard Kipling, quoted in New York Times, May 8, 1892, cited in ibid., p. 32.
8. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 113.
9. Larson, Tyrannosaurus Rex, p. 400.
10. Hornaday, Wild-Animal Round-Up, p. 349.
11. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 123; Bridges, Gathering of Animals, p. 89.
12. Spiro, Defending the Master Race, p. 7.
13. Ibid., pp. 36, 37.
14. Ibid., p. 361.
15. Ibid., p. 39.
16. Hornaday, Eighty Fascinating Years.
17. Hornaday, Wild-Animal Round-Up, pp. 356–61.
18. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 117.
19. Letter from Hornaday, October 2, 1896, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, folder 1877–1900.
20. Letter from Hornaday about Burroughs, May 7, 1903, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, folder 1877–1900.
21. Hornaday, Wild-Animal Round-Up, pp. 358–68.
22. Details of opening day from Bridges, Gathering of Animals, pp. 89–98.
23. Bridges, Gathering of Animals, p. 92.
24. Spiro, Defending the Master Race, p. 40.
25. Hornaday, Wild-Animal Round-Up, p. 354.
26. Bradford, Ota, pp. 4, 5.
27. Ibid., p. 12.
28. Spiro, Defending the Master Race, p. 49.
29. Bradford, Ota, 104–10.
30. Ibid., p. 120.
31. Ibid., pp. 127–35.
32. Ibid., p. 184.
33. Ibid., p. 177.
34. Ibid., pp. 172, 178.
35. Ibid., p. 177.
36. Hornaday letter to Josephine Hornaday, dated May 27, 1902, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 2.
37. Ibid., pp. 177, 178; “An African Pigmy,” p. 302.
38. “Bushman Shares a Cage with Bronx Park Apes,” New York Times, September 9, 1906.
39. Bradford, Ota, p. 179.
40. “Man and the Monkey Show Disapproved by Clergy,” New York Times, September 9, 1906.
41. New York Times, September 10, 1906.
42. Ibid.
43. Bradford, Ota, p. 183.
44. New York Globe, September 10, 1906.
45. Spiro, Defending the Master Race, pp. 46, 47.
46. Brinkley, Wilderness Warrior, p. 660.
47. Hornaday letter to Verner, in Bridges, Gathering of Animals, p. 227.
48. Comment by Mark Haller from Eugenics: Hereditarian Attitudes in American Thought (Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1963), quoted in Spiro, Defending the Master Race, p. iv.
49. Ibid., pp. 127, 130.
50. Ibid., p. 158.
51. Ibid., p. 97.
52. Hornaday, Our Vanishing Wild Life, p. 101.
53. Hornaday, Wild-Animal Round-Up, p. 27.
54. “Topic of the Times: Send Him Back to the Woods,” New York Times, September 11, 1906.
55. New York Evening Post, September 10, 1906.
56. Bridgeport (CT) Herald, July 18, 1926; Hornaday, Minds and Manners of Wild Animals, p. 2.
57. New York Times, September 11, 1906.
58. Bridgeport Herald, July 18, 1926.
59. Bradford, Ota, p. 188.
60. Ibid., pp. 206–8.
61. Matthiesson, African Silences.
CHAPTER 16: THE DARK SHADOW
1. Kate Carew, “Kate Meets the ‘Sultan of the Zoo,’ ” New York World, March 6, 1910.
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