I owe a special debt of gratitude to Donovan and Rumsey family members, whose assistance was critically important for this project. During the three years of research and writing, Patricia Gilbert, Donovan’s granddaughter, spent dozens of hours with me being interviewed about her recollections of the general and her grandmother Ruth. She put up with even more phone calls from me to pin down facts about Donovan’s personal life. Grandson David G. Donovan was just as generous with his time. David and his wife, Teresa, also sent me hundreds of pages of Donovan documents, press clippings, and letters from their personal collection, as well as home movies and photos from family albums. For both grandchildren, some of the interviews that dealt with Donovan’s extramarital affairs were painful, but they were completely candid with me about what they knew or what they had heard. Judy Beecher, who is one of Donovan’s cousins, spent days with me recounting family stories she had heard, tracking down family records for me in Buffalo’s libraries, museums, and archives, and escorting me around town to Donovan and Rumsey family homes, businesses, and gravesites. My thanks also to Judy’s husband, Tom, who hosted a dinner for me with other family members at the Buffalo Club. Margot Rumsey Banta and Margot Mugler were helpful with recollections from the Rumsey side of the family, while Molly Mugler provided me many Donovan and Rumsey family photos.
I also want to thank Charles Pinck, president of the OSS Society, who fielded many questions from me and put me in touch with former members of the OSS. They included Elizabeth McIntosh, Fisher Howe, and Rolfe Kingsley, who knew Donovan well and spent hours with me sharing their recollections. I also appreciate William J. vanden Heuvel enduring many hours of interviews. A Donovan law partner and aide when the general was ambassador to Thailand, Ambassador vanden Heuvel recorded in a lengthy diary, which I read, the private thoughts Donovan shared with him about his life. Kay Nelson, the wife of OSS officer Wayne Nelson, was also generous with recollections and her husband’s diaries.
I leaned on a number of colleagues far better versed than I in military and intelligence history for advice and counsel. Rick Atkinson, one of the best military history writers in the country, was a desk mate and lunch companion during months of archival research. He generously shared his World War II research with me and read parts of the manuscript. Gerhard Weinberg, whose A World at Arms is the gold standard for World War II histories, answered many questions and read and corrected parts of the manuscript. Military historian Robert Ferrell was also generous with advice, and read and corrected the section on Donovan’s World War I battles. Intelligence historian David Kahn spent hours patiently instructing me in the finer points of World War II tactical intelligence, cryptology, and German spying. Intelligence historian Michael Warner also read parts of the manuscript and offered important comments and corrections.
I want to thank my editors at Free Press, Dominick Anfuso, Leah Miller, and Fred Chase, for skillfully getting the manuscript into shape for publication. Colby Cooper and Viveca Novak helped correct the galley proofs. Jenny Woodson came to my rescue with computer advice to process copies of the tens of thousands of documents I collected. Finally, this book could not have been begun or completed without the encouragement, advice, and patience of my wife, Judy. As with all my other books, she is my best editor. And it is to our grandchildren that this volume is dedicated.
Index
Abwehr, 65, 119, 148, 154, 160, 191, 226, 240, 254, 260, 270, 271, 325
Abyssinian Treasure Trove, 318
Acheson, Dean, 354, 361
Adams, Sherman, 378
Adrian, Leon, 272–73
Africa, 95, 96
see also North Africa; specific places
Air Force, Army or U.S., 104, 198, 200, 209, 217, 226, 237, 247, 262, 265, 307, 371, 387
Aisne-Marne campaign, 22
Alaska, 100–101
Albania, 165, 190
alcohol, 34–37, 39, 164, 212, 375–76
Algeria, 131–34, 136–44
Algiers, 131, 132, 136–42, 147, 168, 171, 173, 179, 181, 203, 250, 264, 301
Darlan assassinated in, 144
Darlan’s son in, 134
Donovan in, 166–67, 172, 180, 185
All Arts Club, 17
Alpine redoubt, 304
Amalfi, 179, 180
American Committee for United Europe, 350
American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), 22, 23, 29, 30
American Legion, 29, 360
Amoss, Ulius, 154–55
Ancon, USS, 178
Angleton, James Jesus, 296–97, 298, 301
antitrust cases, 40, 42, 349–50
Anvil-Dragoon operation, 264–65
Anzio, 228, 229, 252
Arcadia conference, 89–91
Argonne Forest, 24, 29
Arlington National Cemetery, 376, 382–83
Armistice Commission, 136, 144
Army, U.S., 35, 39, 41, 52, 66, 77, 85, 88, 100, 198–99, 263, 270, 272–73, 308, 315, 327, 329, 332, 336, 337, 349, 387, 388
Donovan’s promotions in, 151–52, 284
Hanfstaengl and, 108
intelligence in, 52, 69–72, 75, 78, 98, 104, 113, 116, 117, 123, 143, 151, 155, 158, 162, 164, 173, 246, 300, 306–7, 329, 352
in invasion of Sicily, 172–75
Normandy invasion and, 237, 239, 243, 244, 246, 247, 248
in Pacific, 204
personnel problems in, 251
Torch and, 130–43
Army National Guard, Troop I of, 15–16, 18, 19
Army Ranger battalions, 179, 180
Arnold, Henry “Hap,” 91, 226, 237
Asia, 101, 115, 121, 199, 200, 203–19, 297–301, 308, 331–32, 350, 374, 375
OSS in, 98, 129, 130, 203, 206–19
see also Southeast Asia; specific places
Astor, Helen, 47
Astor, Vincent, 47, 63
atomic bomb, 1, 4, 225, 332
Audrey operation, 185
“Aunt Jemima,” 101
Australia, 231–33
Austria, 51, 54, 110, 156–57, 197, 256, 271, 304, 319, 375
OSS in, 266, 275
Austria-Hungary, 110, 146
Avalanche operation, 178–80
Avoyel, USS, 331–32, 343
Badoglio, Pietro, 53, 54, 176, 179, 180
Balkans, 64–68, 110, 130, 142, 146, 149, 156, 183–90, 239, 241, 274–82
Donovan in, 64–65, 106
Hitler’s aims in, 54, 64, 176
OSS in, 164–66, 183–99, 222, 224, 226, 274–80, 284, 323–24
U.S. vs. British in, 143, 164–66, 183–88
Bancroft, Mary, 2, 48, 147
Bangkok, 362, 365–70, 372
Banque Worms et Cie, 133, 141
Basques, 161, 162
Basso, Alberto, 181
Baxter, James Phinney, III, 73, 86
BBC, 138, 243
Belgium, 18, 58, 236, 256, 267
Belgrade, 67–68, 279, 280
Belmont, August, 16
Bentley, Elizabeth, 355, 364
Berchtesgaden, 108, 197, 262, 316
Bergen, Jack, 377
Berle, Adolf, 69, 70–71, 85–86, 119
Berlin, 87, 97, 146, 147, 148, 153, 192, 260, 261, 262, 271, 315
Donovan in, 18, 35, 42, 54
Soviets in, 304, 313, 319, 331
Bern, 145–50, 155, 195, 237, 259–63, 267, 269, 270, 286, 317
Bernays, Edward, 43
Berryville, Va., 45, 46, 66, 92, 283–84, 335, 358–59, 364, 375, 376, 382
Biddle, Francis, 224–25, 308, 329, 330
Bissell, Clayton, 307, 310–11, 336
Black Reports, 257
blacks, 92, 257
Blomberg, Werner von, 342
Bohlen, Charles “Chip,” 223
Bonnier de la Chapelle, Fernand, 144
bootleggers, 34–35, 36, 38
Boris III, Tsar of Bulgaria, 65, 67
Boyne, Norbert de, 297
Bradley, Omar, 243–48, 270, 284
Braun, Eva, 319
Breakers group, 260–64
Brent, George, 54
bribery, 102, 103, 106, 109, 135, 145
Brisbane, 231–33
British Security Coordination Office, 63
Brousse, Charles, 120–21, 123, 124, 125
Browne, Gordon, 132–33, 137, 140
Browning, Robert, 17
Bruce, David K. E., 73, 78, 96, 129, 164, 168, 236, 237, 239–48, 264, 268, 269–70, 290, 383
in Paris, 292, 293
Brüning, Heinrich, 110
Buck, Pearl, 89
Budapest, 195–98, 255, 285
Budget Bureau, U.S., 76, 95, 97, 100, 115, 137–38, 306, 312, 320, 322, 334, 338
Buffalo, N.Y., 2, 9–12, 14–19, 30, 33–39, 43, 44, 376
law practices in, 14, 31, 33–36, 38, 39
Saturn Club raid in, 36–37, 38, 41
society in, 10–11, 14–15, 36
Buffalo Evening News, 172–73
Bulgaria, 65–66, 67, 95, 155, 157, 165, 183, 222, 226, 256, 284
Bullard, Robert Lee, 35
Burma, 329, 331, 367–68, 381
OSS in, 214–19, 297
Buxton, Edward “Ned,” 73, 75, 89, 94, 201, 252, 288, 299, 317
Byrnes, James F., 322, 338, 351–52
Cairo, 131, 142
OSS office in, 129, 203, 204, 226
Cairo conference (Sextant; 1943), 200, 204
CALPO (Comité de l’Allemagne Libre pour l’Ouest; Free Germany Committee for the West), 316
Camp Mills, 19–20, 31
Canada, 9, 34, 100, 107, 111, 243–44, 315
Donovan in, 50–51, 176–78
Canaris, Erika, 263
Canaris, Wilhelm Franz, 148, 154–55, 191, 260, 263, 345, 346
Capri, 181–82, 277–78
Carter, John Franklin, 74, 86, 307, 321
Casablanca, 132, 137–41
Casablanca conference (1943), 149
Caserta, 227, 249, 250, 276–77, 296, 318, 379
Casey, William, 267–69, 271–72, 318, 319, 331, 353, 386, 387, 389
Catholics, Catholic Church, 10, 12–13, 23, 33, 38, 41, 42, 159, 327, 371
OSS and, 95, 256–58
Cavendish-Bentinck, Victor, 319
CBS, 241, 356, 357
Central Intelligence Agency, see CIA
Central Intelligence Group, 352
Cereus network, 156–57
Chacon, Armando, 380
Chamberlin, Neville, 58
Chapel Hill farm, 45–46, 56, 86, 92–93, 143, 174, 319, 343, 349, 358–59, 365, 375, 376, 381, 383, 386
Cheney Brothers, 79–80
Chennault, Claire, 79, 209
Cheston, Charles, 202, 231, 297, 299
Chetniks, 165, 184–85, 275–79
Chiang Kai-shek, 200, 204–7, 210, 213, 214, 259, 297, 331, 367
Chicago, Ill., 230–31, 360
Chicago Tribune, 61, 304, 309, 311–12
Child, Julia, 98
Chile, 87, 115
China, 4, 32, 79, 85, 104–5, 177, 204–14, 219, 329, 363, 367
Japanese in, 78, 204–9, 211, 213, 214, 299, 322, 331
OSS in, 98, 129, 130, 203, 206–14, 297, 331, 332
Chungking, 207, 214, 259
OSS in, 98, 129, 203, 206, 209–11, 297
Churchill, Randolph, 275
Churchill, Winston, 58–65, 67, 83–84, 108, 131, 191, 193, 229, 241, 350
Balkans and, 184–85, 187–88, 239, 274–76, 278–82
at conferences, 149, 164, 176–77, 192, 200, 204, 298, 299, 300, 303–4, 332
cross-Channel invasion and, 90, 164, 176, 243
Donovan’s meetings with, 59, 63–64, 239
peripheral strategy of, 64, 89
SOE and, 129–30, 165, 187
Washington visits of, 89–91, 164
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 5, 271–72, 302, 311, 313, 333, 352, 360–61, 363, 375, 381, 382–86, 389
Donovan’s death and, 382, 383
Thailand and, 364, 367, 371
Ciechanowski, John, 323
Clare (flying boat), 60
Clark, Eleanor, 125, 126
Clark, Mark, 136, 139, 140, 144, 182, 202, 241
in invasion and occupation of Italy, 178–79, 190, 227–30, 249–52
Clark, Sidney, 125, 126
Clermont-Ferrand, 168–71
Cloak and Dagger (movie), 6
code numbers, 98–99
coding and decoding, 98, 158–59, 164, 186, 187, 197, 330
embassy break-ins and, 121–22, 123, 125, 126
Soviet, 287, 288–89
see also Magic; Ultra
Cohen, G. B. “Sadie,” 126
Colby, William, 389
Colditz Castle, 198–99
Cold War, 352, 354
Coleman, Archibald, 155, 156, 253, 254–55
Columbia College, 13, 15, 159
Columbia Law School, 13–14, 16, 17, 44
Comintern, 34, 221
Communist Party USA, 94, 221
communists, 40, 55, 62, 94, 110, 146, 238, 258, 265, 271, 285, 316, 327, 332, 336, 353–58, 362, 363, 370, 372
in China, 205–6, 209, 332
in Greece, 188, 280, 282, 356–58
in Yugoslavia, 165, 184–86, 275, 279, 280
Congress, U.S., 71, 85, 252, 307, 312, 326, 352, 363
see also Senate, U.S.
Coniglio (Clemente Menicanti), 228, 250
Conway, Rose, 321
Coolidge, Calvin, 38, 40, 41
Coon, Carleton, 132–33, 137, 138, 144, 181, 190, 368
Cornell University, 46, 47, 103
Corsica, 176–77, 190, 222, 229, 250
Corvo, Biagio Max, 173–75, 250, 251
Costello, Frank, 102
Côte de Châtillon, 24–25, 30
crime, 34–38, 65, 367
war, 317, 323–27, 329, 330–31, 341–48
Croatia, 165, 194, 275–76
Crockett, David, 227, 249, 250, 379, 382
cross-Channel invasion, 59, 90, 91, 164, 176
see also Normandy invasion
Cross project, 316
Cuneo, Ernest, 97, 119, 126, 151, 281
Curie, Eve, 96
currencies, foreign, 99–100, 108, 141, 196, 250
Cynthia, see Pack, Amy Elizabeth Thorpe
Czechoslovakia, 51, 324
Daniel, Harry, 382
Darby, William O., 179, 180
Darlan, Jean Louis Xavier François (Popeye), 134, 135, 140–41, 144, 149, 167
Daugherty, Harry, 38, 40
Davies, John, 208
Davies, Marion, 47
Davis, Elmer, 116, 138, 140–41, 150–51, 166
Deane, John, 220, 223, 225–26, 288
Deer team, 370
Defense Department, U.S., 352, 363, 371
de Gaulle, Charles, 117, 131, 132, 144, 238, 266
Del Gaizo, August (Little Augie), 102–3
Democrats, Democratic Party, 10, 33, 55–56, 59, 304, 321, 324, 328
in New York, 35, 41–44
Denis, Armand, 96
Denmark, 58, 286
Dennis, Eugene, 94
Detachment 101, 215–16, 218, 299
Deuel, Wallace, 73, 175, 333
Devers, Jacob, 165, 236, 251–52
Dewey, Thomas, 283, 350–51
Deyo, Morton, 240–43
Dickson, Doyle, 293–95
Diem, Ngo Dinh, 370–71, 375
Dien Bien Phu, 370, 371
Di Luca, Francis “Tony,” 157–59, 161, 162, 336
Dodd, Thomas, 346, 347
Doering, Otto, Jr. “Ole,” 97, 138, 203, 230, 231, 330, 333, 354, 378, 387
leak investigation and, 309, 310, 311
“Dog Drag,” 101–2
Dogwood (Alfred Schwarz), 156–57, 191, 192, 195, 197, 253–56, 337
Dolan, Brooke, 104–5
Dönitz, Karl, 319, 320, 343
Donovan, Anna Letitia Lennon, 10–11, 12, 14,
364
Donovan, Bill, 358
Donovan, David, Jr., 358, 359, 365, 381, 383, 386
Donovan, David, Sr., 45–47, 57, 66, 275, 383
at Chapel Hill, 46, 56, 92, 143, 153, 358, 359, 365, 375, 386
childhood of, 18–19, 20, 32, 33, 39
education of, 45, 46, 47
as father, 143, 343, 365
father’s relationship with, 19, 46, 172–73, 358, 375
Mary’s death and, 376
in Navy, 143, 153, 172–73, 178–79, 239, 283, 331–32, 343, 358
Donovan, Deirdre, 343, 358
Donovan, James (OSS general counsel), 325
Donovan, James (William Donovan’s brother), 11
Donovan, Loretta “Loret,” 11, 15
Donovan, Mary (David and Mary’s daughter), 358
Donovan, Mary (William Donovan’s sister), 11
Donovan, Mary Grandin, 46, 56, 57, 66, 283–84, 292, 326, 349, 350, 358
at Chapel Hill, 46, 92, 143, 153, 359, 375
drug problem and death of, 375–76, 385
father-in-law’s relationship with, 4, 46, 284, 335, 358, 359, 368–69, 375
in Nuremberg, 343, 346, 347
Donovan, Mary Mahoney, 9–10
Donovan, Patricia (William Donovan’s daughter), 20, 32, 33, 39, 46, 47, 48
death of, 56–57, 59, 143, 380, 385
Donovan, Patricia (William Donovan’s granddaughter), 143, 283, 292, 326, 343, 350, 358, 359, 365, 376, 381, 383
Donovan, Ruth Rumsey, 16–20, 23, 28–35, 38–49, 59, 66, 235, 292, 303, 354, 358, 371, 375–83, 385–87
at Chapel Hill, 86, 92–93, 143, 153, 319, 343, 358–59, 376, 381, 383, 385, 386
depression of, 19, 20, 23, 47
engagement and marriage of, 17–18
as grandmother, 292, 343, 376, 381
husband’s cheating on, 4, 34, 37, 47–49, 113, 284, 386
husband’s correspondence with, 19, 20, 22, 23, 28–31, 33, 34, 47
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