reading and books, 66–67
rocket science work, 4, 69–70, 74–75, 78–79, 110
self-efficacy, 14, 66, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75–76, 78–79, 80
separateness, 14, 37
space travel work, 4, 69–70, 74–75, 110–111, 141–142
as student, 67–68
Musk, Errol (father), 63, 67
Musk, Kimbal (brother)
on Elon, 66, 75, 182–183
on father, 63
Internet ventures, 68–69
move to Canada, 67
Musk, Maye (mother; nee Haldeman)
on Elon, 66, 142
family background, 63, 65–66
move to Canada, 67
on separateness, 37
Napster, 232
NASA, Mars travel, 69
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, 215
Naval Air Station Moffett Field, 215
need for achievement, 177–181
Neubauer, Aljoscha, 110
neuroscience, and creativity, 88–89
New England Courant, B. Franklin in, 80, 126–127
New York Herald, on N. Tesla, 177
New York Times, on N. Tesla, 36
NeXT Computers, 150, 228, 230
Niagara Falls and power, 93, 101–102
Nike shoes, development, 83–84
Nixon, President, 203
“non-exercise activity thermogenesis” (“NEAT”), 183
nonconformity
and rules, 49–51
and self-efficacy, 77
and separateness, 48, 51–52
norepinephrine, 120
“Observations on the Increase of Mankind” (Franklin), 133, 134
O’Dell, John, 74
oil industry, and shocks in technology or economy, 203–204
O’Neill, John, 97, 100
O’Neill, Theo, 74
openness to experience, 88, 113–116
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 203
originality. See creativity
Orzeszkowa, Eliza, 151
Osborne, Alex, 45
outsiders, benefits of, 5–6, 259–260
Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), 222–224
parents of innovators, and working ethos, 176–177, 181
Parkinson’s disease, 117–118
patents, and interpersonal networks, 54, 55
PayPal, 69
Pelley, Scott, 73
Penn family, 135
Pennsylvania Gazette, 128
perseverance
and idealism, 147, 152–153
and self-efficacy, 77–78, 79
personal experience, and self-efficacy, 79–82, 84, 85
personal social networks, and separateness, 53–55
personality traits, 113
Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, 25, 26
phonograph, development, 163, 164–166, 167
physical activity, and flow, 183
Pihl, Lennart, 255
PillCam, 5–6
pitchblende ore, 195–196
Pixar, 228, 247–248
Planck, Max, 55
pleasure of work and drive, 181–185
Poincaré, Henri, vs. Einstein, 30–31
Poland
history, 188–190, 201
positivism and nationalism, 151–152, 191–192, 201
women in university, 33, 188, 191, 192, 201–202
polonium, 196, 197
potential for innovation, 6–7, 11, 246–261
primary process thinking, 108–109
quadrant electrometer, 194, 195, 240
quirks in innovators, 13–14, 16
radar systems, development, 207–208
radio, development, 103–104
radioactivity work, 195–197, 198–199, 202
radium, 196, 197, 198–199, 202
Raskin, Jef, 224
reality distortion field, 50
recognition and praise for innovation, 180
Record Industry Association of America (RIAA), 232
Regina Leader-Post, 64–65
Reiss, Steven, 140
relativity, special theory, 29–31
“remote associations,” 108–110
resources (access to)
and academics, 257–259
and books, 240–241, 257–259
capital for, 211–212, 242–243
in computer industry, 237, 238–239
education, 211–212, 241, 250–251
example, 200
and innovators, 212
role and importance, 187–188, 211–212, 259–260
technological and intellectual, 212, 238–242, 244, 256–261
reusable rockets, 4, 69–70, 74–75, 78–79, 110
rewards for work, 178–180
Rietzschel, Eric, and coauthors, 47
right place at right time. See situational advantage
risk, 79, 178–179
Rive, Peter, and Lyndon, 70
Roberts, Henry Edward “Ed,” 218–219
rockets, development, 4, 69–70, 74–75, 78–79, 110
Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 195
Rosenbaum, Ron, 81
Rubin, Julius, 181
rules and nonconformity, 49–51
Rumelt, Richard, 231
Salas, Eduardo, 46–47
Schieble, Joanne (Jobs’s birth mother), 212–213
schizophrenia, 118
school. See education
Schultheiss, Oliver, 181
science
innovation in, 11–12, 259–260
opening up, 260–261
Scientific American, 165
Scott, Michael, 224
Scully, John, 148, 149, 227, 229, 230
Seifer, Marc, 97, 100, 177–178
self-attribution bias, 84
self-denial, and idealism, 153–154
self-education for innovators, 40–42
self-efficacy
building of, 254
description, 63, 76
and early wins, 80–82, 85, 254
factors in, 79–80
and failure, 84, 254
in innovators, 14, 51, 76, 79
and nonconformity, 77
and perseverance, 77–78, 79
and personal experience, 79–82, 84, 85
process of, 76–77, 78, 79
and risk, 79
source in people, 79–85
and verbal persuasion, 80, 85
and vicarious experience, 79–80, 82–85
self-serving bias, 84
separateness
benefits, 37–39, 42–43, 52, 53–54
causes and explanations, 38–40
costs of, 52–55
and creativity, 42–45, 47, 59–61, 252–253
distress from, 52–53
feelings towards by innovators, 37
in innovators, 13–14, 21, 23, 35, 247
vs. introversion, 35
and nonconformity, 48, 51–52
and personal social networks, 53–55
and secrecy, 253
and self-education, 40–41
self-reinforcement, 39–40, 51–52
and social skills, 39–40, 60–61
as trait, 20, 21
serial innovators. See innovators
Serrell, Lemuel, 99
Shaish, Tsipi, 117–118
Shockley, William, 208
shocks in technology or economy, 202–204
Shooting Star jet fighter, 253
Sikorska, Jadwiga, 189, 190
Silicon Valley
emergence, 208, 215
influence on area, 215–217, 238–239
Simonton, Dean, 109
situational advantage
in computer industry, 186, 215, 223–224, 237, 238–239, 242
education and capital in, 211–212
in electricity development, 209
and innovators, 18, 209–210, 211, 240, 246
and resources (s
ee resources (access to))
role in innovation, 187–188, 202–203, 209
and timing, 187–188, 200–201, 202, 239–240
transistor development and Silicon Valley, 208–209
and war, 205–207
sixties counterculture, influence, 204–205
Skłodowska, Bronia (M. Curie’s sister), 190, 192, 201–202
Skłodowska, Bronisława (M. Curie’s mother), 188, 189, 190
Skłodowska, Hela (M. Curie’s sister), 189
Skłodowska, Helena (M. Curie’s sister), 190
Skłodowska, Maria Salomea. See Curie, Marie
Skłodowska, Władysław (M. Curie’s father), 188, 189, 190, 191, 192
Skłodowska, Zofia (M. Curie’s sister), 189, 190
“Skunk Works” team and facility, 253
slavery and abolition, 137–138
sleep in innovators, 88–89, 119–120
Smiljan (Croatia), 89
Smith, Alvin Ray, 228–229
social detachment. See separateness
social movements, influence, 204
social networks, 53–55
social skills, and separateness, 39–40, 60–61
Solar City, 70
solar power, 204
solitude, and creativity, 42–45, 47
space travel innovation, 4, 69–70, 74–75, 110–111, 141–142
SpaceX (Space Exploration), 1–2, 73, 141–142
special theory of relativity, 29–31
Spindler, Mike, 229
Steinmetz, Charles, 104
Stiles, Ezra, 137–138
Stilwell, Mary (wife of Edison), 162, 170
Straubel, J. B., 75
Stroebe, Wolfgang, 45–46, 47
Stross, Randall, 143–144, 157, 166
superordinate goals. See idealism
Szczasinska-Dawidow, Jadwiga, 192
Szigeti, Anthony, 96
szlachta class in Poland, 188–189
“The Talking Phonograph” (journal article), 165
Talmud, Max, 24
taxi business, innovation and disruption, 6
teamwork. See group
Technocracy movement, 64–65
technological resources (access to), 212, 238–242, 244, 256–261
technology, innovation in, 11–12
telephone, development, 163
Teller, Astro, 75
tenacity. See perseverance
Terman, Frederick, 215
Tesla, Dane (brother), 90, 91, 92
Tesla, Djouka (mother), 90, 176–177
Tesla, Milutin (father), 89–90, 93, 94, 95–96
Tesla, Nikola
achievements, 2–3, 89, 102–103, 178
association paths and ideas, 110–111
celibacy, 105
character and traits, 99–100
childhood and family background, 89–93
creativity, 88, 100, 110–111
drive, 115–116, 176–178
and Edison, 97–98, 99–100
education and interests, 93–96, 177
eidetic and mental images, 91–92, 93–94, 97, 105, 112
electric commutator and alternating current (AC), 95, 96–97, 98–99, 100–101, 102, 111, 177–178
electrical power work and commercialization, 97–103, 104–105, 115–116
faith in own ability, 14
financial resources, 243
health, 91, 93, 94, 96, 105–106
high-frequency phenomena work, 101
idealism, 144–145
intelligence and memory, 88–89, 90–91, 93–95, 102
inventions, 93–94, 96–97, 98–100, 101, 102–105, 144, 177
manias, 88, 95, 99, 106, 119
memory skills, 112
move to US, 97–98
and Niagara Falls’ power, 93, 101–102
odd behaviors, 88, 92–93
openness to experience, 114
patents, 98–99, 100–101, 103–104, 178
radio work, 103–104
senses and stimuli, 96, 117
separateness, 36
sleep, 88–89
vindication, 180
wireless communications and tower, 104–105, 115, 144–146
working ethos, 176–177
Tesla Models S and X, 74
Tesla Roadster car, 71–73
Tesler, Larry, 223
“Theory of Radioactivity” (M. Curie), 196
Thirteen Virtues of Life (B. Franklin), 128
Thomson, Elihu, 100
Thoreau, Henry David, on solitude, 43
3M company, creativity at, 59
time alone
and brainstorming, 45–48, 251
and creativity, 59, 251–253
vs. group and collaboration, 59, 251–253
importance, 250–252
as self-reinforcing factor, 51–52
Tizard, Henry, 207
transistor, development, 208–209
Tribble, Bud, 50
tzero car, 71
unconventionality, as benefit, 61
Upton, Francis, 157–158
uranium, 195
US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), 54, 103–104
Valentine, Don, 220
Vance, Ashley, 113
verbal persuasion, and self-efficacy, 80, 85
vicarious experience, and self-efficacy, 79–80, 82–85
Vietnam War opposition, 204
Villard, Henry, 171
Visicalc, 221
Vitascope, 173
Vogelstein, Fred, 238
voice communication work, 163, 164–166, 167, 169–170
voluntary energy expenditure, 183–185
voluntary fire brigade, creation, 132
vote recorder, 160–161
war, impact on innovation, 205–208
Wardenclyffe Tower, 104–105, 145–146
Warnock, John, 223
Watson, Kevin, 107
Weber, Heinrich, 27
Weber, Max, 180
Wedderburn, Alexander, 16, 136
Westinghouse, George, 100–101, 102
Wetzler, Joseph, 101
Winblad, Ann, 23
Windows system, 226
women
in university, 33, 188, 191, 192, 194, 200, 201–202
WWII and innovation, 205–207
working ethos and drive, 176–181
working memory, 111–112, 113
The World as I See It (Einstein), 22
World War I, M. Curie’s impact, 199
World War II, impact on innovation, 205–208
Wozniak, Francis, 216
Wozniak, Steve “Woz”
childhood and father, 216
computer making and blue boxes with Jobs, 81–82, 148, 217, 218, 219–221, 237, 239
friendship with Jobs, 216–217, 239
on Jobs’s influence, 237
skills and traits, 217, 218
X rays, 195, 199
X.com, 69
Xerox and early computers, 222–224, 227
Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), 222–224
zeal, in innovators, 15
Zip2, 68–69
Zurich Polytechnic, Einstein in, 25, 26–27
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