23 See M. Bennett, Lambert Simnel and the Battle of Stoke (Sutton 1987).
24 Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts, 6 vols (London 1867) vol v, pp. 188–9.
25 Seward, p. 28.
26 Chrimes pp. 75–6.
27 Seward, p. 31.
28 Ibid, pp. 31–2.
29 Ibid, p. 27.
30 Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry VII, ed. W Campbell (Rolls Series 1873) vol ii p. 148.
31 D Baldwin, Elizabeth Woodville, (Sutton 2004) pp. 112–13.
32 Wolffe, Henry VI, pp. 6-7.
33 Baldwin, pp. 113–14.
34 Fields, pp. 203–4.
35 See Gordon Smith’s article in The Ricardian, December 1996.
36 Polydore Vergil, pp. 12 ff.
37 Ibid, p. 23.
38 Vergil, p. 20 ff.
39 Seward, pp. 38–40.
40 The Great Chronicle of London, p. 241.
41 Ibid, pp. 241–2.
42 Seward, p. 41.
43 Hall, p. 434.
44 Polydore Vergil, pp. 12–26.
45 J M Thompson, J Paul et al. (eds), Registrum Magni Sigilli Regnum Scotorum:Register of the Great Seal of Scotland (Scottish Record Society Edinburgh, 1882–1914) vol ii, p. 370.
46 D Baldwin, ‘What Happened to Lord Lovell?’ in The Ricardian, vol 89 (June 1985).
47 As n. 45.
48 Polydore Vergil, p. 24.
49 Quotation from the Calendar of the Carew Mss: The Book of Howth. See also the New Dictionary of National Biography article on Simnel, vol 50, p. 630.
50 Chrimes, pp. 259–61.
51 Wroe, p. 82.
52 See D Roberts, The Battle of Stoke Field (Newark and Sherwood District Council 1987).
53 As n. 45.
54 PRO 53rd Report, appendix ii, pp. 30–6; Third Report of the Deputy Keeper of Public Records (1842), appendix ii, pp. 216–18.
55 Desmond Seward, The Last White Rose (Constable and Robinson 2010) pp. 223–4.
56 Henry’s letter to Charles VIII, autumn 1494: in Letters and Papers of Henry VII, vol ii, pp. 292–7.
57 A F Pollard, The Reign of Henry VII from Contemporary Sources: Volume One, Narrative Extracts (Longmans, Green 1913) pp. 82–3.
58 D Luckett, ‘The Thames Valley Conspiracies Against Henry VII’ in BIHR, vol lxviii (1995) pp. 164–72; The Plumpton Correspondence, letter lxxi.
59 Francis Bacon, History of the Reign of Henry VII and Selected Works, ed. B Vickers (Cambridge UP 1998) p. 105.
60 Wroe, pp. 141–3 and 153–60.
61 Ibid, pp. 141 and 153–8.
62 Ibid, pp. 165–6.
63 As Chapter 5 n. 48.
64 Hall, p. 465; John Stow, Annales, p. 478.
65 Polydore Vergil, p. 77.
66 Ibid, pp. 88 and n, 89; and Ellis, Letters, vol I pp. 24, 29.
67 See Chapter 5 note 34.
68 See Fields, p. 143 for the emergence of this story–known to More’s son-in-law Rastell by the time of his 1550s edition of More’s (c. 1510) work. Also see Great Chronicle, pp. 209, 212 and 213 and Hammond and White, ‘The Sons of Edward IV’ p. 108 for other rumours.
69 See Chapter 5, note 47.
70 See Wroe, pp. 87–8 and 516-17 on the mysterious ‘Jean Le Sage’, adopted ‘son’ of Duchess Margaret, living near her court around 1480.
71 See Wroe on Brampton: pp. 17–22, 73, 91, 105, 109.
72 Fields, pp. 230–7 and 242–3.
73 See Chapter 5 note 34.
74 See Wroe pp. 527–8 on the testimony of a Portuguese Herald, Tanjar, on this in 1496.
75 Rotuli Parliamentarum vol vi p. 94.
76 Wroe, pp. 16–17, 526–7.
77 ‘Warbeck’ himself said vaguely in his letter to Isabella of Castile in 1493 that he had been ‘about nine’ at the time of the Tower episode in summer 1483; in fact the Prince’s tenth birthday was in August 1483. By modern standards his lack of knowledge should count against his claim–but medieval accuracy about dates for junior royals was limited. Fabyan thought the Prince was seven in 1483, Mancini eight.
78 Wroe, pp. 379–81, and pp. 400–07 on Henry’s search for the ‘truth’ before 1497.
79 Ibid, pp. 381–93.
80 Ibid, p. 383.
81 Ibid, pp. 414–18.
82 Ibid, pp. 417–18.
83 According to More’s account–but why had Henry VII not used this man as a convenient scapegoat and forced him to ‘confess’, blaming Tyrrell, in 1502?
84 Molinet, Chroniques vol v, pp. 49–50.
85 W A J Archbold, ‘Sir William Stanley and Perkin Warbeck’ in E H R, vol xxix (1899) p. 533.
86 Polydore Vergil, p. 65.
87 Wroe, pp. 176–91; W Hampton, ‘The White Rose under the first Tudors’ in The Ricardian, vol vii, no. 97 (June 1987) pp. 414–17.
88 Seward, p. 66.
89 Wroe, p. 141.
90 Seward, p. 74.
91 Bacon, p. 202; Polydore Vergil, pp. 71–4; Molinet, vol v pp. 47–8.
92 Wroe, pp. 222–5; and pp. 186–8 on Kendall’s bizarre poisoning plot. See also Letters and Papers of Henry VII, vol ii pp. 318–23 (deposition by de Vignolles).
93 Wroe, pp. 222–5.
94 Ian Arthurson, The Perkin Warbeck Conspiracy (Sutton 1994), pp. 187–91 and Polydore Vergil, Anglia Historia, p. 67.
95 Wroe, pp. 182–4.
96 See n. 55.
97 PRO E/404/81/2.
98 PRO DL 28/2/2, and Molinet, vol v, pp. 47–8.
99 Polydore Vergil, pp. 73–4.
100 Excerpta Historia, ed. Samuel Bentley (London 1831) pp. 100 and 101.
101 Rotuli Parliamentarum, vol vi, p. 504.
102 Molinet, vol v, pp. 50–1; Memorials of Henry VII, ed. James Gairdner (Rolls Series vol x, 1858): the Historia Regis Henrici Septimi of Bernard Andre, pp. 66–7.
103 See Vergil p. 84 on the locals’ apparent hesitation as the rebels arrived. There were, however, no prominent local Yorkists to give a ‘lead’ in taking a risk to welcome the rebels; if the latter had sailed to Great Yarmouth as was rumoured they would have had more support. But such initial setbacks had met other, successful invaders e.g. Edward IV in 1471.
104 Wroe, pp. 243–5.
105 Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts: Book of Howth, p. 472; Rymer, Foedera, vol xii, p. 567.
106 Polydore Vergil, pp. 87–9.
107 J Arthurson, ‘The Rising of 1497’ in J Rosenthal and C Richmond (eds), People, Politics and Community in the Later Middle Ages (Sutton 1987) pp. 1–18; Chrimes, p. 90.
108 Seward, pp. 100–01.
109 See Letters and Papers of Henry VII, vol I, pp. 231–40 for the 1504 Calais discussions where the incident was remembered. Governor Sir Richard Nanfan said Henry had been furious with Daubeny for delaying his arrival.
110 As n. 108.
111 PRO King’s Bench: 9/441/2.
112 Wroe, pp. 308–10, 323–4.
113 Rotuli Parliamentarum, vol vi, pp. 544–5.
114 Polydore Vergil, pp. 104–6; Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts Relating to Milan, ed. Allen B Hindes (HMSO 1912) vol I pp. 325–7.
115 Wroe, p. 328.
116 Letters and Papers of Henry VII, vol I, p. 112; Ellis, Letters, vol I, pp. 32–3.
117 Polydore Vergil, pp. 105–7; Wroe, pp. 333–7.
118 Pollard, The Reign of Henry VII, vol I, pp. 167–8.
119 Calendar of State Papers Venetian, ed. R Brown, vol I (HMSO 1864) pp. 263, 265.
120 Polydore Vergil, Three Books, p.227; also Calendar of State Papers Milan, p. 328.
121 Wroe, pp. 341–2.
122 Pollard, vol I, pp. 173–6; Calendar of State Papers Milan, p. 329; Chronicles of London, ed. Kingsford, p. 218; PRO E 101/14/16 and 90v, E 36/426, f. 37v.
123 Polydore Vergil, pp. 142–4; CSP Milan p. 329; Bernard Andre, pp. 72–3; Wroe, pp. 365–70 (Warbeck at Taunton) and 373–9 (Katherine at Taunton).
124 Warbeck’s 1496 proclamation attacking Henry’s ministers: BL Harleian
Mss. 283, f.
125 Buckingham’s sneers at the Tudors: Calendar of State Papers Spain, ed. C Bergenroth et al.: supplement to vols 1 and 2 (HMSO 1862), pp. 8 and 39–40.
126 Thomas Penn, Winter King: the Dawn of Tudor England (Penguin 2011) pp. 367–74.
127 Penn, pp. 167–70 and 261–332. The King’s decline into paranoia and extortion notably worsened after Dudley’s appointment in 1504, as the latter’s foes alleged in 1509–but the famous ‘Morton’s Fork’ tax-policy and other instances of oppressive fiscal policies had already been invented by the King’s long-term adviser Bishop Fox who was carefully exonerated as being more useful to Henry VIII.
128 J Berengar, A History of the Habsburg Empire 1273–1700 (Longman 1994) p. 134.
129 Polydore Vergil, p. 115; Excerpta Historia, ed. Bentley, p. 118; Great Chronicle, p. 287; Molinet, vol v, p. 120. The indictments of Warbeck’s ‘negligent’ guards are in PRO King’s Bench 9/416/22. See PRO 53rd Report, appendix ii, pp. 30–6; Third Report of the Deputy Keeper of Public Records (1842) appendix ii, pp. 216–18; also Wroe, pp. 475–86. The trials: Third Report, pp. 216, 218, and 53rd Report pp. 30–1, 33, 35. The executions: Chronicles of London, ed. Kingsford, pp. 226–8.
130 Vergil pp. 118 and 119n; also Seward pp. 132–4; Calendar of State Papers Spain (from Simancas archive), volume 1, ed. G. Begenroth (HMSO 1862), p. 239.
131 H Pierce, Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury 1473–1541 (University of Wales Press 2003) p. 114.
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