‘M. du Petit-Thouars…’: see Rosengarten, op. cit., p. 137; Bergasse du Petit-Thouars (ed.), Aristide Aubert du Petit-Thouars: héro d’Aboukir 1760–1798: lettres et documents inédits (Paris 1937).
‘the Albany Register carried…’: the Albany Register, 14 August 1795.
‘Nearly all the larger…’: see Isaac Weld, Travels through the States of North America during the Years of 1795, 1796 and 1797 (London 1799).
‘“a noble temple…”’: Comte de Ségur, Mémoires ou Souvenirs et Anecdotes, Vol. 3 (Paris 1824), p. 389.
‘There was the Vicomte…’: see Comte de Volney, A View of the Soil and Climate of the United States of America (New York 1968), p. 364.
‘From Paris too…’: Le Courrier Français, Philadelphia, August 1795.
‘Jefferson, who was…’: see Waverley Root and Richard de Rochemond, Eating in America: A History (New York 1976).
‘As Hamilton observed…’: Papers of Alexander Hamilton, Vol. XVII (New York 1972), p. 587.
Chapter 10
‘Though Frédéric’s name…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, F/7/5990.
‘Now Le Bouilh…’: Archives Municipales, Bordeaux, Inventory ‘Ci-devant Chateau de Bouilh’.
‘their properties stripped down…’: Archives Municipales, Bordeaux, Box 1, File 43.
‘Up and down the country…’: see Marcel Marion, Le Brigandage pendant la Révolution (Paris 1934).
‘Though the streets…’: see Pierre Chauvet, Essai sur la Propreté de Paris (Paris 1798).
‘At least 14…’: see Frédéric Jean Laurent Meyer, Fragments sur Paris (Hamburg 1790).
‘a depravation…’: Helen Maria Williams, Letters containing a Sketch of the Politics of France from 31 May 1793 to 28 July 1794 (Dublin 1795), p. 29.
‘At balls, lit…’: Madame de Bawr, Mes Souvenirs (Paris 1853), p. 166.
‘In the Jardin des Plantes…’: see Paul Lacroix, Directoire, Consulat et Empire: moeurs et usages, lettres, sciences et arts en France 1795–1815 (Paris 1884); Édmond and Jules de Goncourt, Histoire de la société française pendant le Directoire (Paris 1840); Au temps des merveilleuses: la société parisienne sous le Directoire et le Consulat, Musée Carnavalet (Paris 2005).
‘the supreme bon ton…’: Jacques Godechot, La Vie quotidienne en France sous le Directoire (Paris 1977), p. 102.
‘There were melancholy…’: Goncourt and Goncourt, op. cit., p. 38.
‘When she dressed…’: Christian Gilles, Madame Tallien: La Reine du Directoire (Biaritz 1999) p. 267.
‘The Journal de Paris…’: Journal de Paris, 30 July 1797. See also Maurice Herbette, Une ambassade turque sous le Directoire (Paris 1802).
‘Within hours…’: see Victor Pierre, ‘Les émigrés et les commissions militaires après fructidor’, Revue des Questions Historiques, Paris October 1884.
Chapter 11
‘By 1797…’: see Kirsty Carpenter and Philip Mansel, The French Émigrés in Europe and the Struggle against Revolution (London 1999); Jacques Godechot, Le Directoire vu de Londres: Annales de la Révolution française (Paris 1950).
‘“La patrie…”’: see Micheline de Vallée, Les Emigrés de 1793 (Segueville-en-Bersin 1991).
‘Though by 1797…’: see Robin Eagles, Francophilia in English Society: 1748–1815 (Basingstoke 2000).
‘The violence and confusion…’: Diana Donald, The Age of Caricature: Satirical Prints in the reign of George III (London 1996), p. 142.
‘The Times warned…’: The Times, 9 March 1797.
‘reports of “stout…”’: National Archives, HO 1/3, Emigré correspondence. GLRO, Kew.
‘London at the end of…’: see Christopher Hibbert, The English: A Social History: 1066–1945 (London 1987), and Christopher Hibbert, London: The Biography of a City (London 1969); Roy Porter, English Society in the 18th Century (London 1982); François Crouzet, ‘England and France in the 18th Century’, in Social Historians in Contemporary France (New York 1972); Matthew O. Grenby, ‘Révolution française et Littérature Anglaise’, Annales historiques de la Révolution Française 4 (2005), pp. 101–44.
‘where visitors were warned…’: Peter Thorold, The London Rich (London 1999), p. 157.
‘The French also remarked…’: see Mme Vigée-Lebrun, Souvenirs (Paris 1984).
‘It was the fog…’: Comte de Montloisier, Souvenirs d’un émigré: 1791–1798 (Paris 1951), p. 187.
‘Just occasionally…’: Josephine Grieder, Anglomania in France. Fact, Fiction and Political Discourse (Geneva 1985), p. 57.
‘One of the servants…’: Julien Sapori, private communication.
‘the six elderly bishops…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, F/1/4336.
‘Cossey Hall…’: see Ernest G. Gage, Costessey Hall (Norwich 1991).
‘Ever practical…’: see The Jerningham Letters, 1780–1843 (London 1896), Summer 1795.
‘Those who had not grown…’: Johanna Schopenhauer, A Lady Travels (London 1988), p. 155; Carpenter and Mansel, op. cit., p. 64.
‘The Times…’: The Times, 9 January 1793.
‘Our fortunes…’: National Archives, Kew, London, Bouillon Papers, PC/1/118A.
‘M. de Rodire…’: National Archives, Kew, London, Bouillon Papers, PC/118AB; T93.9; T93.57.
‘Could some of these…’: The Times, 30 August 1796.
‘They went, when they had…’: Porter, op. cit. p. 257.
‘The Abbé Tardy…’: see Manuel du voyageur à Londres (London 1800).
‘monks entertained…’: see Pierre Bessand-Massenet, Les Deux Frances: 1799–1804 (Paris 1949).
‘The Comtesse de Guery…’: M. le Vicomte Walsh, Souvenirs de Cinquante Ans (Paris 1845), p. 160.
‘when guests left…’: see Baron Portalis, Henry Pierre Danloux, peintre de portraits et son journal: 1753–1809 (Paris 1910).
‘the Archbishop offered…’: Private Dillon family papers, 13 September 1797.
‘Richmond lay…’: Thorold, op. cit., p. 66; see also Judith Fitson, French Refugees in Richmond: 1785–1815 (Richmond 1998).
‘Horace Walpole, living…’: see Correspondence, 2 vols (London 1851), 27 September 1791.
‘When the Princesse d’Hénin…’: Linda Kelly, Juniper Hall (London 1991), p. XIV.
‘Mme de Staël’s brilliance…’: Maria Fairweather, Madame de Staël (London 2005), p. 171.
‘the fattest…’: Adèle de Boigne, Mémoires: Souvenirs d’une tante, 4 vols (Paris 1908), Vol. 3, p. 8.
‘The once famously…’: see Amanda Foreman, Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire (London 1998) and Amanda Foreman, Georgiana’s World (London 2001).
‘her childhood friend, Amédée…’: see A. Bardoux, La Duchesse de Duras (Paris 1898).
‘Napoleon’s eye…’: J. Christopher Herald, The Age of Napoleon (London 1963), p. 78.
Chapter 12
‘Several of the most unpopular…’: see Aurélien Lignereux, Gendarmes et Policiers dans la France de Napoléon (Paris 2002).
‘“It has become…”’: Vicomte de Broc, Dix ans d’une femme pendant l’émigration (Paris 1893), p. 289.
‘Frédéric had written…’: Library of Congress, Washington, DC, Hamilton Papers, ALS, 21 February 1798.
‘most other émigrés…’: Catherine Wilmot, An Irish Peer on the Continent. 1801–1803 (London 1924), p. 72.
‘One of the first…’: Henri d’Alméras, La Vie parisienne sous le Consulat et l’Empire (Paris 1909), p. 365; see also Edmond and Jules de Goncourt, Histoire de la société française pendant la Révolution (Paris 1889).
‘Guests quickly…’: Duchesse d’Abrantès, Histoire des salons de Paris, Vol. 2 (Brussels 1837), p. 9.
‘According to her great-niece…’: Joseph Turquan, Les femmes de l’émigration: 1789–1814 (Paris 1911), p. 289.
‘Musical soirées…’: see Edmond and Jules de Goncourt, Histoire de la société française pendant le Directoire (Paris 1840).
‘She had a rival…’: Adèle de Boigne, Mémoires: Sou
venirs d’une tante, 4 vols (Paris 1908), Vol. 2 p. 177.
‘After dinner…’: J. F. Reichardt, Un hiver à Paris sous le Consulat: 1802–1803 (Paris 1850), p. 73.
‘These new salons…’: Sophie Gay, Salons célèbres (Paris 1837), p. 22.
‘Napoleon preferred…’: Marie-Blanche d’Arneville, Parcs et jardins sous le premier Empire (Paris 1981), p. 31.
‘Consular Paris smelt…’: Alain Corbin, The Foul and the Fragrant: Odor and the French Social Imagination (New York 1986), p. 196.
‘It made women…’: Mme de Genlis, Mémoires (Paris 2004), p. 324.
‘Napoleon let it…’: see Mme de Rémusat, Mémoires (London 1880), Vols 1 and 2.
‘Under Napoleon’s drive…’: see Michel Figeac, Destins de la noblesse bordelaise (Bordeaux 1996).
‘It was from her visitors…’: see J. G. Lemaistre, A Rough Sketch of Modern Paris (London 1803).
‘There was also news of Talleyrand…’: Duff Cooper, Talleyrand (London 1932), p. 134.
‘With the peace came…’: see The Journal of Bertie Greethead: An Englishman in Paris (London 1853); August von Kotzebue, Travels from Berlin through Switzerland to Paris in the year 1804 (Paris 1850); John Goldsworth Alger, Napoleon’s British Visitors and Captives 1801–1815 (London 1904).
‘There was much jostling…’: Thomas Thornton, A Sporting Tour through France in the Summer of 1802 (London 1806), p. 125.
‘Around Notre Dame…’: Marie-Louise Bivet, Le Paris de Napoléon (Paris 1963), p. 312.
‘When Napoleon entered…’: José Cabanis, Le Sacre de Napoléon (Paris 1970), p. 23.
‘According to a malicious…’: Joseph Turquan, Mme de Montesson: Douainière d’Orléans: 1738–1806 (Paris 1904), p. 289.
‘The Archbishop spent…’: Adèle de Boigne, op. cit., p. 142.
Chapter 13
‘My prefects…’: see Jean Savant, Les Préfets de Napoléon (Paris 1958).
‘I have often been told…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, Dossier Prefects F1b1/166/15 Ministère des Affaires Etrangères.
‘Over his prefects…’: Jacques Regnier, Les Préfets du Consulat et de l’Empire (Paris 1907), p. 26.
‘Belgium had been…’: see Jean Cathelin, La Vie quotidienne en Belgique sous le régime français 1792–1815 (Paris 1966); Felix Maguette, Les Émigrés français aux Pays Bas (Brussels 1907); L. de Lanzac de Laborie, La Domination française en Belgique (Paris 1895); Janet Polasky, Revolution in Brussels: 1787–1793 (Brussels 1987).
‘The new four-horse…’: see Jean Robiquet, La Vie quotidienne au temps de Napoléon (Paris 1942).
‘“I am happy for you…”’: Archives Municipales, Chateauxroux, Bertrand private papers.
‘At home, the Senate…’: Alphonse Aulard, Etudes et leçons sur la Révolution française, Vol. 8 (1914), p. 291.
‘illustrations showing…’: Anne-Marie Kleinert, Le Journal des Dames et des Modes (Stuttgart 2001), p. 291.
‘But the city of Paris…’: see Jean Tulard, Le Grand Empire 1804–1815 (Paris 1982); and Jean Tulard, Napoléon et la noblesse d’Empire (Paris 1979).
‘“Adopt neither…”’: Comtesse de Bradi, Du Savoir-Vivre en France au XIXième siècle (Paris 1858), p. 31.
‘“I am sorry for you…”’: Henri d’Alméras, La Vie parisienne sous le Consulat et l’Empire (Paris) p. 309.
‘He was a man’: see Mme de Rémusat, Mémoires (Paris 1880).
‘Grimod de la Reynière…’: Giles MacDonogh, A Palate in Revolution (London 1987), p. 201.
‘She continued…’: Mme de Staël to Talleyrand, see Maria Fair-weather, op. cit., 3 April 1808.
‘Before returning to Paris…’: Château de Vêves, Private papers; see A. Bardoux, La Duchesse de Duras (Paris 1898); G. Pailhes, La Duchesse de Duras et Chateaubriand (Paris 1910).
‘As Louis-Antoine Bourrienne…’: Serje Grandjean, Inventaire après décès de l’Impératrice Joséphine à Malmaison (Paris 1965), p. 41.
‘The proxy marriage…’: See Prince Charles de Clary-et-Aldringen, Trois mois à Paris lors du mariage de l’Empereur Napoléon 1er et de l’Archduchesse Marie-Louise (Paris 1914).
‘On 28 April…’: see Charlotte de Sor, Napoléon en Belgique et en Hollande, 1811 (Brussels 1839).
‘The Comte de Merode…’: see Souvenirs (Brussels 1872).
‘Posters were seen…’: Tulard, op. cit., p. 158.
‘You will laugh at me…’: Private papers, Lucie to Mme de Duras, 8 May 1811.
‘Better still…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, F/1b1/166/15.
‘but not before Lucie…’: General Bertrand, Lettres à Fanny, ed. Suzanne de la Vaissière-Orfila (Paris 1978), p. 289.
‘One morning, when Lucie was…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, Dossiers Personnels: de la Tour du Pin.
Chapter 14
‘Frédéric, she wrote…’: see Angélique de Maussion, Les Rescapés de Thermidor (Paris 1975).
‘Her one fault…’: Private papers, letter to Mme de Duras, 25 July 1813.
‘His treachery…’: see Robin Harris, Betrayer and Saviour of France (London 2006).
‘Wurtembergers had…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, AF1V 1670.
‘As a young man…’: see Philip Mansel, Louis XVIII (London 1981); T. E. B. Howarth, Citizen King (London 1961).
‘In 1799, his niece…’: Gilbert Stenger, Grandes dames du XIXième siècle (Paris 1911), p. 12.
‘Next day, the Senate…’: see Robert Christopher, Napoleon on Elba (London 1964).
‘The Cossacks…’: Mme de Chastenay, Mémoires: 1771–1815 (Paris 1987), p. 506.
‘For the moment, the imperfections…’: see Philippe Sussel, La France et la bourgeoisie: 1815–1850 (Paris 1970).
‘“We must thank…”’: José Cabanis, Charles X, roi ultra (Paris 1972), p. 59.
‘Just the same…’: Adèle de Boigne, Mémoires: Souvenirs d’une tante, 4 vols (Paris 1908), Vol. 3. p. 298.
‘Talleyrand’s own entourage…’: see Philip Ziegler, The Duchess of Dino (London 1985).
‘Vienna, in September…’: Duff Cooper, Talleyrand (London 1932), p. 244; see also Philip Mansel, Prince of Europe: The Life of Charles-Joseph de Ligne 1735–1814 (London 2003).
‘Her epitaph on Napoleon…’: Henri Rossi, Mémoires aristocratiques feminins 1789–1848 (Paris 1998).
‘The reaction of French society…’: See Anne Martin-Fugier, La vie élégante (Paris 1990)
‘Not everyone agreed…’: Anne-Marie Kleinert, Le Journal des Dames et des Modes (Stuttgart 2001), p. 220.
‘Writing to Castlereagh…’: Beckles Wilson, The British Embassy (London 1927), p. 33.
‘Frédéric, declaring…’: Château de Vêves, Family papers.
‘To Mme de Staël…’: Château de Vêves Family papers, 5 April 1815.
‘the King spent hours at table…’: see Theo Fleischman, Le Roi de Gand (Brussels 1953).
‘Brussels was immensely…’: Château de Vêves Private papers, letter of 7 May 1815.
‘“This is without…”’: see Lady Caroline Capel and Dowager Countess of Uxbridge, The Capel Letters (London 1955).
‘Wellington had reached…’: see Theo Fleischman and Winant Aerts, Bruxelles pendant la Bataille de Waterloo (Brussels 1956); Richard Holmes, Wellington: The Iron Duke (London 2003); Sir William Fraser, Words on Wellington (London 1889); Comte d’Haussonville, Ma jeunesse 1814–1830 (Paris 1885).
Chapter 15
‘Alexandre Mercier…’: Journal de la Campagne de Waterloo (Paris 1933), p. 106.
‘Chateaubriand…’: see Mémoires d’Outre-Tombe (Paris 1849).
‘“We have conquered…”’: Guillaume de Bertier de Sauvigny, Metternich et la France après le Congrès de Vienne (Paris 1968), p. 120.
‘“Mercy,” observed…’: T. E. B. Howarth, Citizen King (London 1961), p. 131.
‘St Helena…’: see Betsy Balcombe, To Befriend an Emperor (Welwyn Garden City 2005); Frédéric Masson, Napoléon à Sainte Hélène (Paris 1912); B
arry E. O’Meara, Napoléon dans l’exil (Paris 1993).
‘“What shall I tell you…”’: Private papers, Château de Vêves letter 19 May 1816.
‘Its only drawback…’: Edmund Boyce, The Belgian Traveller (London 1816), p. 29.
‘Frédéric’s official…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, Ministère des Affaires Étrangères, Hollande, Vol. 617, p. 380.
‘In The Hague…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, Ministère des Affaires Étrangères, Hollande/Pays Bas, 1817–1818, 618.
‘Mme de Staël, too…’: Adèle de Boigne, Mémoires: Souvenirs d’une tante (Paris 1908), Vol. 3, p. 366.
‘these were the “green…”’: José Cabanis, Charles X, roi ultra (Paris 1972), p. 122.
‘Louis XVIII desired…’: see Philip Mansel, The Court of France: 1789–1830 (Cambridge 1988).
‘“Ah my God!”…’: G. Pailhes, La Duchesse de Duras et Chateaubriand (Paris 1910), p. 128.
‘On 13 February…’: see Duchesse de Maille, Souvenirs des deux restaurations (Paris 1984).
Chapter 16
‘They came to see…’: see James Fenimore Cooper, Excursions in Italy (London 1838); William Hazlitt, Notes of a Journey through France and Italy (London 1826); Jeremy Black, The British and the Grand Tour (London 1985).
‘A Roman colony…’: see John Chetwood Eustace, A Classical Tour through Italy (London 1841); Marianne Baillie, First Impressions on a Tour upon the Continent in the Summer of 1818 (London 1819), William M. Johnston, In Search of Italy (London 1987).
‘For a French ambassador…’: see Denis Mack Smith, The Making of Italy: 1796–1866 (London 1968), and Denis Mack Smith, Cavour (London 1985); G. de Bertier de Sauvigny, Metternich et la France après le Congrès de Vienne (Paris 1968).
‘Frédéric, quickly…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, Ministère des Affaires Étrangères, Sardaigne 287/1820.
‘“Will they”…’: Château de Vêves, Private papers, letter of 14 February 1821.
‘After Naples…’: Archives Nationales, Paris, Ministère des Affaires Étrangères, Sardaigne, 9 February 1821.
‘He requested…’: see Lady Theresa Lewis (ed.), Journals and Correspondence of Miss Berry from the Years 1782–1852 (London 1866).
‘Bertrand, constantly…’: see The Jerningham Letters, 1780–1843 (London 1896).
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