by Tamim Ansary
7 Jamil Abun-Nasr, A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 249-257.
CHAPTER 13
1 Ernest Renan, “La Reforme intellectuelle et morale” (Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1929).
2 Hamid Dabashi, Iran: A People Interrupted (New York: New Press, 2007), pp. 58-59.
CHAPTER 14
1 Mark Elvin coins this phrase in Pattern of the Chinese Past (London: Eyre Methuen Ltd, 1973), which includes an analysis of why China failed to develop high-level technology in the fourteenth to nineteenth centuries, when it had the prosperity to do so.
2 Dabashi, pp. 60-61.
3 Gelvin, p. 129.
4 Joseph Mazzini, On the Duties of Man. Included in its entirety in Franklin, Readings in Western Intellectual History (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1978), p. 561.
5 Garry Wills discusses this idea in Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993). Shelby Foote (in a radio interview I heard) quipped that “the Civil War made us from an are into an is.”
6 Gelvin, p. 82.
7 Hamit Bozarslan, writing about the Ottoman Empire for the Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence at http://www.massviolence.org/_Bozarslan-Hamit, includes this quote from Ziya Gökalp’s Yeni Hayat, Dogru Yol.
8 Quoted by Taner Akçam in Türk Ulusal Kimligi ve Ermeni Sorunu (Istanbul: Iletisim Yayinlari, 1992), pp. 175-176.
CHAPTER 15
1 Suroosh Irfani, Revolutionary Islam in Iran: Popular Liberation or Religious Dictatorship (London: Zed Books, 1983), p. 50.
2 Article 22, Covenant of the League of Nations.
3 Gelvin, p. 86.
4 Benjamin Shwadran, The Middle East, Oil and the Great Powers (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1955), pp. 244-265.
CHAPTER 16
1 See http://countrystudies.us/algeria/48.htm. The statistics come from the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress Country Studies/Area Handbook Series sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Army.
2 Frank Thackery and John Findling, Events That Changed the World in the Twentieth Century (Westport and London: Greenwood Press, 1995). (See Appendix D, “States Achieving Independence Since 1945.”)
3 The phrase came from American Jewish playwright Israel Zangwill. What he actually wrote, however (in 1901), was “Palestine is a country without a people, the Jews are a people without a country.” Whether anyone actively used the phrase as a basis for a “slogan” is a matter of dispute.
4 Benny Morris, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-1999, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999), pp. 14-17.
5 Theodor Herzl, The Jewish State: An Attempt at a Modern Solution to the Jewish Question, 6th edition (New York: The Maccabean Publishing Company, 1904 ), p. 29.
6 Nizar Sakhnini, writing for al-Awda at http://al-awda.org/zionists2.html includes this quote from Weizmann’s Trial and Error (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1949), pp. 93-208.
7 Qutb’s Milestones can be found online in its entirety at http://www.youngmuslimsonline.ca/online_library/books/milestones/hold/index_2.asp.
CHAPTER 17
1 For a concise Arafat bio, see http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1994/arafat-bio.html.
2 David Cook, Understanding Jihad, p. 130.
3 Irfani, Revolutionary Islam in Iran, pp. 98-100, 121, 131.
4 Dabashi, pp. 164-166.
5 Quoted by Thabit Abdullah in Dictatorship, Imperialism, and Chaos: Iraq Since 1989 (New York: Zed Books, 2006) p. 76.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I owe a debt of gratitude to Susan Hoffman, who as director of the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute at San Francisco State, convinced me to teach a class on Islam and the West in 2006. Those lectures were one of the seeds out of which grew this book—a growth spurred also by Neils Swinkel, who taped some of those lectures and Matt Martin, station manager at KALW radio, who aired the edited tapes as a weekly series.
Next, let me thanks my agent, Carol Mann. When I told her I was vaguely thinking of writing something called “world history through Islamic eyes,” she cut in to say, “That’s it! That’s your next book! West of Kabul was the ant’s-eye view; this will be the bird’s-eye view.” And she was right—this is a bird’s-eye view of my enduring preoccupation, the conjunction and disjunction of East and West.
And thank you, Lisa Kaufman, my insightful editor, whose notes and line edits have been like having not just a second set of eyes but a second and more exacting brain to apply to this project.
Also, I received priceless feedback on this book while it was still a work in progress from my brother Riaz Ansary, who knows more about the doctrines and early history of Islam than I ever will, from my brilliant sister, Rebecca Pettys, and from my friends Joe Quirk and Paul Lobell. Layma Murtaza generously allowed me to study correspondence and magazines her family inherited from her grandfather Dr. Abdul Hakim Tabibi, a disciple of Sayyid Jamaluddin-i-Afghan. Farid Ansary has contributed with a lifetime of stories, anecdotes, poetry quotations, and wit. Wahid Ansary has done his best to clue me in to the fine points of our religion, and then there is my friend Akbar Nowrouz: Akbar-jan, where would I be without all the Islamic-wisdom stories you send to my e-mail?
But above all, thank you to my wife, Deborah Krant, my first reader, first critic, and indispensable partner; thank you to Elina Ansary, for helping me so much with the maps; and thank you, Jessamyn Ansary, for being so endlessly supportive.
INDEX
Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib See also Saffah
Abbas the Great
Abbasid age/khalifate
Ali descendants and
Baghdad and
bodyguards (mamluks)
bureaucracy
description(fig.)
economy/commerce
orthodox Islam and
overview
Persian mini dynasties
Persian viziers
philosophy and
Shi’ism and
Turk barbarians and
Abbasid revolution(fig.)
Abduh, Mohammed
Abdul Rahman/the Third
Abdul Wahhab
Abdullah (Hashimite)
A
bdullah (Othman’s foster brother)
Abraham, prophet
Abu al-Abbas
Abu Bakr
Mohammed and
Othman (khalifa) and
as successor/beliefs
Abu Muslim(fig.)
Abu Sufyan
Abu Talib
Abyssinia and Mohammed’s followers
Adultery
Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan, The (Morier)
Afdal, al-
Afghanistan
9/11 and aftermath
abandonment by Europe/U.S.
Anglo-Afghan wars
“Great Game” (Russia/Britain) (fig.)
independence
secular modernism
Soviet Union invasion
Taliban
Wahhabism
Water Carrier’s Son
Aflaq, Michel
Age of Discovery
Age of Justice
Agha-i-Sayyaf
Ahmad Shah Baba
Ahmadinejad
Ahriman
Ahura Mazda
Aims of the Philosophers, The (Ghazali)
Akbar the Great
Akçam, Taner
Akkadians
Al Azhar University
Alamut fortress
Alaudin Mohammed
Albert of Aix
Albigensians
Alchemy of Happiness, The (Ghazali)
Alexander the Great
Algeria
France’s takeover
Islamic Salvation Party
Ali
assassination
Ayesha and
as imam
Mohammed and
Mu’awiya and
Omar and
Othman and
Sabbah’s beliefs on
Shi’i/Shi’ism and
succession conflict and
as successor/beliefs
Sufism and
Ali, Mohammed
Ali, Tariq
Ali Shah, Mohammad
Aligarh movement. See Sayyid Ahmad, Sir (of Aligarh)
“Allah” meaning
