the stars appeared: Rubin AIP.
She memorized: Lightman and Brawer, p. 286.
in high school: Rubin AIP.
At a certain point: Lightman and Brawer, p. 286.
[>] had shown her: Rubin AIP.
"Rotating Universe?": Gamow 1946.
Then she heard: Rubin AIP.
data on the 108: Rubin 1951, p. 47.
Then she separated: Rubin AIP.
When an admissions: Irion, p. 960.
[>] When a Cornell professor: Rubin AIP.
her paper: Rubin 1951.
it was a master's thesis: Rubin AIP.
"Young Mother": "Young Mother Figures Center of Creation by
Star Motions," Washington Post, Dec. 31, 1950.
such a novice: Rubin AIP.
"at first sight fantastic": Gamow 1946.
29 She didn't even think: Rubin AIP.
She was standing: Rubin.
Her husband shared: Lightman and Brawer, p. 289.
[>] No wives: Rubin 1997, p. 187.
taken the job: Rubin AIP.
Rubin had visited: Rubin. Every time she visited: Rubin.
[>] embarrassed her: Rubin 1997, p. 189.
his own lecture: Gingerich.
two kinds of geniuses: Lightman and Brawer, p. 294.
"Is there a": Rubin AIP.
"On a large": Rubin 1997, p. 198.
[>] she had received: Rubin 1997, p. 199.
"From an analysis": de Vaucouleurs, p. 30.
a thick German: Rubin AIP.
[>] her thesis: Rubin 1954.
went on a tour: Rubin 1997, p. 87.
"Galaxies may be": Rubin AIP.
motions of 888: Rubin 1997, p. 116.
[Footnote] When the editor: Rubin.
[Footnote] the resulting paper: Rubin et al. 1962.
galactic anticenter: Rubin 1997, p. 157.
[Footnote] "This," the astronomer: Rubin 1997, p. 156.
[>] visit her friend: Rubin.
"He couldn't have": Rubin.
She said she could: Rubin.
had the choice: Rubin.
she noticed that: Rubin.
[>] Instead, it converted: Bartusiak, p. 208.
the instrument reduced: Rubin 2006, p. 8.
On the whole: Lightman and Brawer, p. 295.
[>] She needed to find: Lightman and Brawer, pp. 295–96.
"Within a galaxy": Rubin 1997, p. 1.
rather than pushing: Rubin 1997, p. 89.
37 he needed: Rubin 1997, pp. 131–32.
[>] a graduate student: Faber AIP.
3. CHOOSING HALOS
[>] [Footnote] The name: Peebles 1969, p. 18.
CDC 3600: Peebles 1970, p. 15.
many magnitudes: Overbye 1992, p. 142.
security detail: Finkbeiner.
300 points: Peebles 1970, p. 13.
[>] felt that the field: Peebles 1999, p. 1067.
[>] "Gravitation and Space Science": Dicke and Peebles.
early March 1965: Dicke and Peebles, p. 419.
a note in proof: Dicke and Peebles, p. 460.
Dicke handled: Peebles.
in the introduction: Dicke and Peebles, p. 419.
In the first paragraph: Dicke and Peebles, p. 442.
"The moral of this section": Dicke and Peebles, p. 454.
this paper ran: Peebles 1965.
[>] During one presentation: Boynton, p. 303.
"The radiation": Peebles 1969, p. 20.
"distributions of mass": Peebles 1965, p. 1317.
In the fall semester: Peebles.
[>] "The great goal": Peebles 1974, p. vii.
"You measure": Peebles AIP.
a "candidate": Peebles, 1974, p. x.
"the very broad": Peebles 1974, p. xi.
[>] Jeremiah Ostriker: Ostriker.
[>] For the first simulation: Peebles.
In 1933: Zwicky 1933.
"a great mass": Smith, p. 23.
"The discrepancy seems": Rubin 2003, p. 2.
[>] Peebles himself had regarded: Peebles.
"the halo masses": Ostriker and Peebles, p. 467.
[>] "There are reasons": Ostriker et al., p. L1.
Just brilliant: Rubin.
Peebles hardly noticed: Peebles.
such intense hostility: Lightman and Brawer, p. 275.
[>] "well discussed": Rubin et al. 1973, p. L111.
"The results": Rubin et al. 1973, p. L111.
two papers: Rubin et al. 1976a, 1976b.
She didn't like: Rubin.
She would say: Lightman and Brawer, p. 305.
above the entrance: Rubin.
Besides, she and Ford: Ford.
52 In 1978 Ford: Rubin et al. 1978.
In 1975 Roberts: Rubin 2003, p. 5.
A 1978 survey: Bosma.
that radio observations: Peebles.
that optical data: Lightman and Brawer, p. 303.
[>] "Is there more": Faber and Gallagher, p. 135.
"After reviewing": Faber and Gallagher, p. 182.
"many astronomers": Rubin 2003, p. 3.
left most astronomers: Rubin 2003, p. 3.
"Nobody ever": Overbye 1992, p. 307.
"recognizing that": Rubin 1983, p. 1344.
4. GETTING IN THE GAME
[>] first director of the center: Sadoulet.
[>] "that all the particles": http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10350/10350–8.txt.
[>] "And so that": Newton, p. 940.
"the small velocities": Einstein 1917, p. 26.
"at present unknown": Einstein 1917, p. 24.
[>] "probably a number": Baade, p. 287.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Research-Review/Magazine/1981/.
[>] "We are an": Muller.
One day Alvarez: Muller.
had planted: Colgate et al., pp. 565–66.
[>] University of Wisconsin: Colgate et al., p. 572.
FORTRAN: Colgate et al., p. 572.
Alvarez looked up: Muller.
[>] Year after year: Muller.
Science courses: Perlmutter.
[>] pair of paleontologists: Raup and Sepkoski.
The following year: Davis et al. 1984.
his thesis: Perlmutter 1986.
the two projects: Perlmutter.
[>] In 1981: Kare et al.
Muller himself: Muller.
Pennypacker commissioned: Newberg.
70 "they are rare": Perlmutter et al. 1995b, p. 2.
already testing: Perlmutter.
From 1986 to 1988: Kirshner, pp. 168–70.
[>] For the members: Perlmutter.
The contractor: Newberg, p. 23.
without a filter: Newberg.
[>] take the computer: Newberg, p. 18.
Before long: Perlmutter.
[>] Every few months: Perlmutter.
"Look, two": Muller.
Newcomers: Goobar.
One graduate student: Kim AIP.
A postdoc: Goobar.
And then Pennypacker: Pennypacker.
[>] Muller thought: Muller.
Perlmutter stayed: Perlmutter.
[>] began to think: Pennypacker.
[>] Ellis snapped: Perlmutter.
On August 29, 1992: Ellis.
5. STAYING IN THE GAME
[>] Nicholas Suntzeff: Suntzeff.
Schmidt mentioned: Schmidt.
[>] in Suntzeff's experience: Suntzeff.
"How long": Schmidt.
Schmidt disappeared: Garnavich.
[>] privately review: Ellis.
publicly write: Kirshner, pp. 170–71.
serve as referee: Kirshner, p. 185.
to know photometry: Kirshner, p. 185.
[>] In the 1980s: Kirshner, pp. 180–81.
In 1989, Muller: Kirshner, pp. 178–80.
[>] "You must understand": Sandage 1987, p. 3.
"Essentially": Walter Sullivan, "A Yardstick for the Universe?" New York
Times, Oct. 9, 1984.
at least two classes: Kirshner, pp. 37–38, 160–62.
[>] three supernovae: Kirshner.
[>] including Kirshner: Uomoto and Kirshner.
"There is still": Newberg, p. 13.
84 a "realist": Kirshner, p. 167.
In his role: Kirshner, p. 183.
"They hadn't": Kirshner, p. 190.
In high school: Suntzeff.
[>] "There are only": Suntzeff.
influential article: Sandage 1970.
[>] as a "preliminary": Hubble 1936, p. 20.
"plates of Moses": Overbye 1992, p. 27.
[>] Suntzeff and Sandage: Suntzeff.
He had lost: Sandage.
[>] Suntzeff was already: Suntzeff, Phillips.
[>] Mario Hamuy: Hamuy.
Bruno Leibundgut: Leibundgut.
[>] The correlation: Phillips.
[>] He wrote some: Schmidt.
[>] The first night: Leibundgut.
[>]-pixel-by-16-pixel: Schmidt.
[>] Late that night: Leibundgut.
6. THE GAME
[>] The Berkeley team: Perlmutter.
[>] "demonstration runs": Perlmutter et al. 1995b, p. 4.
"pilot search": Newberg, p. 105.
seemed oblivious: Kirshner, p. 183.
"No!": Joel Primack, "UCLA Eighth International Symposium on
Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the
Universe," Marina del Rey, Feb. 20–22, 2008.
had demonstrated: Phillips.
[>] The team often: Perlmutter.
They called it: Perlmutter et al. 1995, p. 4.
[>] "'I just heard'": Kirshner.
"working together": Kirshner.
"dimness": Riess et al. 1996, p. 90.
[>] "I've spent": Leibundgut.
"Crap!": Suntzeff.
[>] "on the smell": Schmidt.
"anarchy": Suntzeff.
[>] 1994 proposal: Riess.
a reminder: Leibundgut.
The paper: Leibundgut et al.
"We can only": Suntzeff.
105 No big guns: Suntzeff.
Mario Hamuy: Hamuy.
[>] Hamuy's: Hamuy et al., p. 1.
Riess's: Riess et al. 1995, p. L17.
"How could I": Hamuy.
[>] Everyone in astronomy: Overbye 1992, p. 188.
Even Sandage: Suntzeff.
"The answer": Overbye 1992, p. 278.
He had received: Suntzeff.
[>] Hamuy himself: Hamuy.
"We have to": Phillips.
"as if blood": Suntzeff.
that paper: Riess et al. 1995b.
"I'm a staff astronomer": Suntzeff.
[>] "Yeah": Suntzeff.
His argument: Kirshner.
And not only: Schmidt.
[>] apply for time: Leibundgut.
To make the situation: Suntzeff.
[>] In January 1996: Perlmutter.
[>] The high resolution: Kirshner, p. 203.
A month later: Perlmutter.
proposal came up: Kirshner.
He had served: Perlmutter.
began to object: Kirshner.
into his office: Kirshner, Phillips, Suntzeff.
[>] Maybe they all: Suntzeff.
Bob Cahn: Cahn.
[>] help justify: Garnavich.
announced the results: Perlmutter et al. 1997.
Gerson Goldhaber: Goldhaber.
Adam Riess: Riess.
7. THE FLAT UNIVERSE SOCIETY
[>] On Monday evenings: Rex Graham, "Deep-Dish Cosmologists," Astronomy, June 2001.
DuPage County: Kolb, Turner.
The classroom: Graham, "Deep-Dish Cosmologists."
"backup" hamburgers: Turner.
The topics: Graham, "Deep-Dish Cosmologists."
121 classes sometimes: Turner.
"less than elegant": Kolb.
Cheechand Chong: Turner.
Oreos-and-beer: Anton, p. 103.
"I don't believe": Perlmutter.
"butchers its young": David H. Freeman,
"Particle Hunters," Discover, Dec. 1991.
Don't be afraid: Turner.
[>] soon dropped out: Steve Nadis, "The Lost Years of Michael Turner," Astronomy, Apr. 2004.
Turneraudited: Turner.
[>] "Why don't you": Nadis, "Lost Years of Michael Turner."
"That early-universe": Turner.
this lesson: Turner.
His colleagues: David Overbye, "Remembering David Schramm, Gentle Giant of Cosmology," New York Times, Feb. 10, 1998.
[>] but the combination: Turner.
In October 1981: Guth 1998, p. 223.
"< 1 sec.": Guth 1998, p. 223.
He figured: Turner.
[>] "assumes certain": Guth 1998, p. 223.
Late in the evening: Guth 1998, pp. 167–87.
[>] The suggestion followed: Guth 1998, pp. 12–14.
"Is the Universe": Tryon, pp. 396–97.
[>] "the universe is": Guth 1998, p. 15.
Guth realized: Guth 1998, pp. 167–87.
[>] At three minutes: Smoot and Davidson, p. 161.
[>] "Yeah," Guth thought: Guth.
Guth's paper: Guth 1981, pp. 347–56.
Seventeenof the: Wilczek 1985, p. 475.
[>] Guth's original idea: Guth 1998, pp. 202–10.
In1973 Hawking: Overbye 1992, pp. 111–15.
[>] "traveling circus": Guth 1998, p. 211.
In early 1982: Guth 1998, pp. 211, 215–18.
"informal discussion": Guth 1998, p. 223.
day trips: Guth 1998, p. 232.
croquet and tea: Turner.
"a workshop where": Turner.
Duringhis talk: Guth 1998, p. 231.
"Child's play": Turner.
132 the summer of 1981: K. Turner, p. 12.
[>] tour de force: Burbidge et al.
[>] logo that showed: Kolb et al., back cover.
T-shirts: Kolb et al., p. 2.
organized a jog: Overbye 1992, p. 214.
"Buffalo Class": Kolb et al., p. 626.
"Cosmology in the": Kolb et al., p. 622.
"Whatever future": Kolb et al., p. 625.
"Perhaps future": Kolb and Turner, p. 498.
"Despite being": Kolb and Turner, p. xix.
[>] against a bar: Graham, "Deep-Dish Cosmologists."
In 1976: Smoot and Davidson, pp. 117–43.
[>] "the superclustering phenomenon": Davis, p. 111.
survey of galaxies: Geller and Huchra.
[>] "frothy": Davis et al. 1982, p. 423.
John Mather: Mather and Boslough, p. 225.
Or not: Glanz 1995.
[>] He wanted to know: Turner.
[>] Swearingen SW-3: Eric Pace, "David Schramm, 52, Expert on the Big Bang," New York Times, Dec. 22, 1997.
Turner said: Turner.
8. HELLO, LAMBDA
[>] Perlmutter had flown: Anton, p. 115.
seatback phone: Perlmutter.
ina paper: Perlmutter et al. 1998.
[>] "For the first time": Kathy Sawyer, "Universe Will Keep Expanding Forever, Research Teams Say," Washington Post, Jan. 9, 1998.
ata table: Perlmutter.
foran hour: Anton, p. 116.
Michael Turner: Turner.
the panels: http://www.supernova.lbl.gov/.
[>] "Dave would have": Dennis Overbye, "Remembering David
Schramm, Gentle Giant of Cosmology," New York Times, Feb. 10, 1998.
[>] "hypothetical and": Bondi and Gold, p. 263.
[>] published a paper: Petrossian et al.
"the most plausible": Gunn and Tinsley.
agree that a model: Turner.
Among them was: Wilczek 1985, p. 479.
145 Wilczek ended: Wilczek 1985, p. 480.
work on a paper: M. Turneret al. 1984.
Turnerliked to say: Turner.
"heart of hearts": Finkbeiner, p. 320.
prided
himself: Ann K. Finkbeiner, "Once Upon the Start of Time," The Sciences, Sept./Oct. 1992, p. 10.
[>] "What's best": Finkbeiner, "Once Upon the Start of Time," p. 8. had emerged: Peebles.
a1983 paper: Davis and Peebles.
"High mass": Peebles.
Theirconclusion: Davis and Peebles.
"we lose the": Peebles 1984, p. 444.
"It's ugly": Finkbeiner, p. 319; Turner.
"It's an addition": Finkbeiner, p. 319.
"Considering the observations": Finkbeiner, p. 320.
The paper met: Peebles.
[>] "WHY A COSMOLOGICAL": Carroll et al., p. 501.
"The Observational Case": Ostriker and Steinhardt.
Turneragain: Krauss and Turner.
witha joke: Glanz 1996, p. 1168.
On one side: Kirshner 2002, p. 193.
[>] "(for Λ = 0)": Kim et al., p. 4.
"(for Λ = 0)": Perlmutter et al. 1995a, p. L42.
"If we assume": Goldhaber et al., p. 7.
subject of a paper: Goobar and Perlmutter.
their assumption: Goobar.
that's what Perlmutter: Perlmutter.
"This could be": Overbye 1996, p. 1428.
"jugular science": Overbye, "Remembering David Schramm."
"I don't think": Glanz.
"I am anxiously": James Glanz, "Accelerating the Cosmos," Astronomy, Oct. 1999.
submitted their data: Perlmutter et al. 1997.
[>] a can-do: Perlmutter.
OnJune 30: Nugent.
[>] submitted its paper: Perlmutter et al. 1998.
[>] "suggests that matter": Garnavich et al., p. L53.
GersonGoldhaber: Goldhaber.
"Perhaps the most": "SCP Meeting Notes, 1997 October 08."
153 "antagonistic": Goldhaber.
Incase: Perlmutter.
The two of them: Riess.
[>] "Adam is sloppy": Schmidt.
developeda routine: Riess.
signed their e-mails: Michael Anft, "Chasing the Great Beyond," Johns Hopkins Magazine, February 2008.
you're Stephen Hawking: Riess.
the phone would ring: Schmidt.
was a graduate student: Riess.
[>] Alex Filippenko: Filippenko.
Hedisliked: Filippenko.
[>] "Man": Filippenko.
[>] By January 4: Riess.
When Pete Garnavich: Garnavich.
That evening: Riess.
[>] "Perlmutter bowled": Sawyer, "Universe Will Keep Expanding Forever." had written about: Glanz 1995.
"perhaps boosted": Glanz 1997.
"a quantum-mechanical": Glanz 1998a.
[>] Filippenko would be: Filippenko.
[>] "evidence": Anton, p. 117.
9. THE TOOTH FAIRY TWICE
[>] He was walking: Turner.
in 1976: Dennis Overbye, "Remembering David Schramm, Gentle Giant of Cosmology," New York Times, Feb. 10, 1998.
[>] broke the story: Glanz 1998b.
"a preponderance": Glanz.
[>] 1,600-word feature:John Noble Wilford, "Wary Astronomers Ponder an Accelerating Universe," New York Times, Mar. 3, 1998.
The 4 Percent Universe Page 29
