The Butchering Art

by Lindsey Fitzharris

bone saws

  Boott, Francis

  Boston

  Boston Medical and Surgical Journal

  Boston Society for Medical Improvement

  Boudet Prize

  Bouillaud, Jean-Baptiste

  Bowman, William

  Boyle, Joseph

  breast cancer, surgery for, see mastectomies

  Bristol (England)

  Britain; antiseptics accepted in; average male height in; in Crimean War; global mercantile power of; Lister’s return from America to; Medical Association of; medical innovations resisted in; poverty and squalor in; Regius Professorships in; regulation of toxic chemical sales in; transportation of convicted criminals to Australia from; vivisection in; see also England; Scotland; Wales

  British Empire

  British Medical Association

  British Medical Journal

  British Museum

  bronchitis

  Brontë, Charlotte

  Brougham, Lord Henry

  Brown, John

  Bryan, Bridget

  Buchanan, George

  Budapest

  Budd, William

  Burke, William

  burns

  Burns, Robert

  cadavers, dissection of, see dissections

  Cadge, William

  Calvert, Frederick Crace

  Calvert’s Carbolic Tooth Paste

  Cambridge, University of

  Camden Town (London)

  camera lucida

  Cameron, Hector

  Campbell, Neil

  carbolic acid; American acceptance of use of; apparatus for spraying operating theater with; in cleaning and personal hygiene products; for compound fracture treatment; ligatures used with; opposition to use of; sewage works use of

  Carbolic Smoke Ball

  Carlill, Louisa

  Carlisle (England)

  Carpenter, William

  cauterization

  chain saw, hand-cranked

  Chappell, James

  Charing Cross Hospital

  chemicals, toxic, see toxic substances

  chemistry; of anesthetics; of antiseptics; of contagion; microscopic analysis of; of putrefaction, Pasteur’s studies of

  Cheyne, William Watson

  Chicago

  childbed fever, see puerperal fever

  chloroform

  cholera

  Churchill, Frederick

  Civil War, American

  Clarke, Arthur C.

  compound fractures

  compound microscopes

  Condy’s fluid

  contagionism; theories opposing, see miasma; spontaneous generation doctrine

  Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever, The (Holmes)

  Cooper, Astley

  Copenhagen (Denmark)

  Cordus, Valerius

  Corliss steam engines

  corpses; animal; disposal of; preservation of; sources of; see also dissections

  creosote

  Crimean War

  Crystal Palace (London)

  Cunard shipping line

  Cutler (surgeon)

  Darwin, Charles

  deadhouses, see dissection

  dead tissue, removal from wounds of, see debridement of wounds

  debridement of wounds

  Declaration of Independence

  Defoe, Daniel

  dental surgeons

  Derby, George

  diagnosis

  Dickens, Charles

  diet; liquid

  dissections; of animals; diseases spread from; of executed criminals; by medical students; microscopic study of tissue samples from; of murder victims

  domestic abuse

  dressers; surgical

  Duddingston Loch (Scotland)

  Duff, William

  dust, illnesses caused by

  Duverney, Joseph-Guichard

  dysentery

  Eakins, Thomas

  Edinburgh; crime in; Lister’s move to London from; Lister’s return from Glasgow to; population density in; Royal College of Surgeons in; Royal Society of; see also Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh; University of Edinburgh

  Edinburgh Daily Review

  Edinburgh Journal of Medical Science

  Elliotson, John

  Ellis, Andrew

  Engels, Friedrich

  England; boarding schools in; carbolic acid for sewage treatment in; cholera epidemic in; divorce in; domestic abuse in; Lister’s birthplace and family home in; maternal mortality in; Royal College of Surgeons of; see also London

  Enon Chapel (London)

  epidemics

  epilepsy

  Episcopal Church of Scotland

  Erichsen, John Eric; abdominal surgery by; gangrene epidemic of patients of; Lister’s residency under; miasma theory of infection supported by

  erysipelas; prevention of

  ether; Liston’s demonstration of efficacy of

  Evenings at Home; or, The Juvenile Budget Opened

  evolution, Darwin’s theory of

  executions

  Exeter Flying Post

  Faraday, Michael

  Ferguson, William

  fevers

  “first intention,” wound healing by

  forceps; sinus

  Fothergillian Gold Medal

  fractures; skull; see also compound fractures

  France

  Franco-Prussian War

  French Revolution

  Friends Meeting House (London)

  Gairdner, William Tennant

  Gamgee, Sampson

  gangrene

  Gavarret, Jules

  Gay, George

  general anesthesia, see chloroform; ether

  general practitioners

  Gentle, Thomas

  “gentleman physicians”

  Germany

  germ theory; resistance in medical community to

  Gibson, William

  Glasgow; crime and disease in; noise in; University of; workplace accidents in; see also Royal Infirmary of Glasgow

  Glasgow Herald

  Godlee, Rickman (Lister’s brother-in-law)

  Godlee, Rickman John (Lister’s nephew)

  Goldsmith, Oliver

  gonorrhea

  Gordon, Alexander

  grave robbers

  Great Exhibition (London, 1851)

  “Great Stink, The”

  Greenlees, James

  Gross, Samuel D.

  Gross Clinic, The (Eakins)

  Grove House boarding school

  Guthrie, Douglas

  Guthrie, George James

  Guy, William Augustus

  Guy’s Hospital (London)

  Hair, Philip

  Halle (Germany)

  Hamilton, Frank

  Hard, Addison Davis

  Hare, William

  Harper’s New Monthly Magazine

  Harvard University

  hemorrhages

  Henley, W. E.

  hepatitis

  hernias

  HMS Saturn (ship)

  Hodgkin, John

  Hodgkin, Thomas

  Holmes, Oliver Wendell

  homeopathic medicine

  homeopathy

  Hooke, Robert

  hospitalism

  house surgeons: Lister’s; Erichsen’s; Syme’s

  Hunter, William

  Hutton, James

  Ilfracombe (England)

  Illustrated London News

  industrial accidents

  infant mortality

  infections; bacterial; of compound fractures; dissections as source of; hospital; medical students susceptible; after surgery, see postoperative infections; venereal; see also inflammation; putrefaction; suppuration

  inflammation; antiseptics to prevent and treat; of bowel, see peritonitis; Lister’s research on

  internal medicine

  International Medical Congress (London)

  International Medical Congress (Philadelphia)

  Interna
tional Red Cross

  Ireland; immigrants from

  Isle of Wight (England)

  Islington (London)

  Jack the Ripper

  Jenner, William

  Jennings, George

  John Bull

  Johnson, Steven

  Johnson, William Henry

  Johnson & Johnson

  Jones, Wharton

  Keen, William W.

  Keith, Thomas

  Kelly, Matthew

  Kelvin, William Thomas, Lord

  Kensal Green Cemetery (London)

  Kidd, Captain

  King, Charles Glen

  King’s College (London); Hospital

  Kinross (Scotland)

  knives; amputation; criminal use of; dissecting; household injuries caused by; surgical

  Knox, Robert

  Koch, Robert

  Kölliker, Albert von

  lacerations

  Lambert, Jordan Wheat

  Lamond, Henry

  Lancet, The; calls for tests in London hospitals of Lister’s methods; criticism of Lister published in; Fothergillian Gold Medal competition announced in; Lister’s disinfection articles in; Liston’s obituary in; Syme’s obituary in; Syme’s report on carbolic acid treatment of compound fractures in

  lancets

  Larecy (painter)

  Lawrence, Joseph Joshua

  Lawrie, James

  Leach, Harvey

  lead, illness caused by exposure to

  leeches; artificial

  Leeds (England)

  Leeson, John Rudd

  Lemaire, Jules

  Letheon

  Lewes, George Henry

  ligatures; for amputations

  Lille University

  linseed oil

  Lister, Agnes Syme (wife); courtship and wedding of; death of; frog experiments assisted by; nursing of ill relatives by

  Lister, Arthur (brother)

  Lister, Arthur (nephew)

  Lister, Isabella (mother)

  Lister, Isabella (sister), see Pim, Isabella Lister

  Lister, John (brother)

  Lister, Joseph: accolades in later years of; Agnes as research assistant to; antiseptic system developed by; appointed Regius Professor; arrival at University College London of; artistic skill of; arts degree completed by; birth of; childhood of; correspondence of father and; death of; at Edinburgh’s Royal Infirmary; on Edinburgh University faculty; elected to Royal College of Surgeons of Scotland; European tour of; and father’s death; at Glasgow’s Royal Infirmary; on Glasgow University faculty; at Great Exhibition; on King’s College London faculty; legacy of; at Liston’s ether demonstration; marriage of Agnes Symes and; mastectomy performed on sister by; medical studies of; microscopic research by; and mother’s death; nervous breakdown of; opposition to antiseptic treatment methods of; Pasteur and; personality traits of; at Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition; physical stature of; private practice of; publications of; Queen Victoria’s abscess operated on by; residency at University College Hospital; returns from Glasgow to Edinburgh; Royal College of Surgeons examination of; Royal Society Fellowship of; smallpox contracted by; surgical instruments designed and patented by; and Syme’s death; testifies at Sullivan’s trial; travels to Edinburgh to meet Syme; in United States

  Lister, Joseph Jackson (father); child-rearing principles of; compound microscope of; correspondence of Joseph and; death of; financial support of Joseph by; Great Exhibition visited by; impact of son John’s death on; Joseph’s marriage to Agnes supported by; Royal Society Fellowship of; Scotland visit of; after wife’s death

  Lister, Mary (sister)

  Listerine

  Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine

  Liston, Robert; death of; ether use introduced in Britain by; falling-out between Syme and; instruments designed by; surgical techniques of

  Liverpool; Royal Infirmary in

  Livingstone, David

  Lizars, John

  Loch Long (Scotland)

  Locke, John

  London; domestic abuse in; Great Exhibition of 1851 in; Kensal Green Cemetery in; Leach’s performances in; medical hierarchy in; microscope makers in; nineteenth-century living conditions in; Pasteur in; Pharmacopoaeia of; population growth in; prison overcrowding in; resistance to antiseptic use in; Royal College of Surgeons in; surgical instruments manufactured in; syphilis in; teaching hospitals in (see also University College Hospital); traffic noise in; see also University College London

  London Hospital

  Long, Crawford Williamson

  MacFee, Dr. (Lister’s house surgeon)

  Mackenzie, Richard James

  malaria

  Malloch, Archibald

  Manchester, Royal Institution of

  Marsden, William

  Marshall, John

  Massachusetts General Hospital

  mastectomies

  Medical Society of London

  Medical Times and Gazette, The

  Medical World

  Medico-Chirurgical Society of Glasgow

  mercury

  Mesmerism

  miasma

  microbes; see also bacteria; germs

  microscopes; Pasteur’s discoveries using; skepticism about usefulness in medicine of; tissue samples examined with

  Middlesex Hospital (London)

  Millbank House (Edinburgh)

  Miller, James

  Minto House (Edinburgh)

  Monkstown (Ireland)

  Monthly Journal of Medical Science

  Morning Chronicle

  morphine

  mortality rates; for amputations; for cholera; measures to lower; of medical students and young doctors; negative impact of anesthesia on

  Morton, James

  Morton, William T. G.

  Moynihan, Berkeley

  Mushat (surgeon)

  Napier, Charles

  Napoleon I

  nature, healing power of

  naturopathy

  Neille, Joseph

  Newgate Prison (London)

  Newton, Isaac

  New York

  New York City

  Nightingale, Florence

  “Notice of a New Method of Treating Compound Fractures” (Lister)

  Nunneley, Thomas

  nursing

  occlusion method of wound management

  occupational medicine

  O’Key, Elizabeth and Jane

  Old Bailey (London)

  “On the Antiseptic Principle in the Practice of Surgery” (Lister)

  “On a New Method of Treating Compound Fracture, Abscess, etc., with Observations on the Conditions of Suppuration” (Lister)

  open sewers

  operating theaters; conflicts over therapeutic techniques in; in homes; Liston’s first use of anesthesia in; sterilization apparatus in; student spectators in; surgical instruments in; unsanitary conditions in

  ophthalmology

  opium

  optical devices; see also microscopes

  Origin of Species (Darwin)

  Osborn, Mary

  osteomyelitis

  Oxford, University of

  Pace, Henry

  Paget, James

  painter’s colic

  Palmer, Edward

  Pancoast, William

  Paracelsus

  Paré, Ambroise

  Paris; University of

  Parliament

  Pasteur, Louis

  pathology

  Paxton, Joseph

  Penman, Robert

  Penn, William

  Pennsylvania, University of

  People’s Journal

  Percival, Thomas

  peritonitis

  Petri, Julius

  Pharmacy Act (1868)

  phenol, see carbolic acid

  Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition

  Philadelphia General Hospital

  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society

  phthisis

  physi
ology

  Pickwick Papers, The (Dickens)

  Pim, Isabella Lister

  Pim, Thomas

  Pirrie, William

  pneumonia

  Poltock, Francis

  Porter, Janet

  postoperative infections; prevention of; reduction in risk of

  potassium permanganate (Condy’s fluid)

  Potter, John Phillips

  poultice

  Powell and Lealand microscopes

  Presse, La

  Priestley, Joseph

  Principles and Practice of Surgery, The (Agnew)

  private practices

  probes

  prosthetic limbs

  psoas abscesses

  Public Health Act (1848)

  puerperal fever

  pus; draining, from septic patients; erroneous beliefs about; germs in

  putrefaction; antiseptics to prevent and treat; Pasteur’s research on

  putrid conditions

  pyemia; prevention of

  pythogenesis

  quackery

  Quakers; compassion of; marriage to non-Quakers forbidden by; somber dress of; therapeutic nihilism of

  Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science

  quinine

  Quinn, Richard

  “Ragged Schools”

  Regius Professorships

  relapsing fever

  Renaissance

  respiratory diseases

  Ricketts, Frederick W.

  Robinson, James

  Roget, Peter Mark

  Rome

  Rousseau, Jean-Jacques

  Royal College of Surgeons

  Royal Free Hospital (London)

  Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh; antiseptic system at; combative professional environment at; deaths from postoperative infections at; Lister as Syme’s assistant at; Liston as surgeon at; mortality rate at; size of; as teaching hospital; tissue samples for microscope studies from patients at; unsanitary conditions at

  Royal Infirmary of Glasgow; antiseptic system at; board of directors of; curative versus teaching role of; hygiene improvements at; Lister’s compassion for patients of; mortality rates at; number of surgical beds at

  Royal Society

  Ruskin, John

  Russia

  St. Andrew’s Church (London)

  “St. Anthony’s Fire,” see erysipelas

  St. Bartholomew’s Hospital (London)

  St. George’s Hospital (London)

  St. Paul’s Cathedral (London)

  St. Thomas’ Hospital (London)

  Salisbury Crags (Scotland)

  San Francisco

  Savigny, J. H.

  saws, amputation, see bone saws

  Saxtorph, M. H.

  scalpels; see also knives, surgical

  Science and Art of Surgery, The (Erichsen)

  Scotland; Joseph Jackson visits; licensing of surgeons in; Lister’s decision to leave London for; Queen Victoria in; Royal College of Surgeons in; Seventy-Second Highlanders; Syme’s recognition as “first surgeon” in; weather in; see also Edinburgh; Glasgow

  screw tourniquet

  scurvy

  Scythia (ship)