See also Frederick II the Great; gender; Salic law
Molinet, Jean (chronicler), (i)
Monstrous Regiment of Women, The. See Knox, John
Montaigne, Michel de: and Salic law, (i)
Montesquieu (French jurist), (i), (ii), (iii)
Mor, Antonis (painter), (i), (ii)
Naples, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Navarre, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)n35
Netherlands. See Low Countries
Nevsky, St. Alexander, (i)
Nihon shoki (Annals of Japan), (i)
“Nine Days’ Queen.” See Grey, Lady Jane
Norway, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Nostitz, Austrian countess, (i)
numismatics, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)n1
See also coins; female sovereigns; medals of female rulers
Oliveira, Timoteo de, (i)
Order of St. George (Russian), (i), (ii)
Order of St. Vladimir (Russian), (i)
Order of the Golden Fleece (Burgundian), (i)
Orley, Bernard (painter), (i)
Orlov, Count Alexis, (i)
Orlov, Count Grigory, (i), (ii)
Ottoman Empire, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Otto of Brunswick (husband of Joanna I of Naples), (i)
Oxensteirna, Axel, Swedish statesman, (i)
Pedro III, joint monarch of Portugal (1777–86), (i), (ii), fig. 15
Peter I the Great, emperor of Russia (1689–1725), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Peter II, emperor of Russia (1727–30), (i), (ii)
Peter III, emperor of Russia (1762), (i), (ii), (iii)
Petrarch, (i)
Philip II, king of Spain (1555–98), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)n9, fig. 6
Philip III, king of Spain (1598–1621), (i)
Philip IV, king of France (1285–1316) and Navarre (1284–1305), (i)
Philip IV, king of Spain (1621–65), (i)
Philip V, king of Navarre (1305–22) and France (1316–22), (i)
Philip of Evreux, joint monarch of Navarre (1329–43), (i)
Pizan, Christine de (author), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n16
Plutarch, (i)
Poland, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)n34
Portugal, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Potemkin, Prince Grigory (Russian statesman), (i), (ii)
Pragmatic Sanction (1713), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Prague, (i), (ii), (iii)n24
prenuptial contracts of female monarchs, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n3
primogeniture, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
See also inheritance by female rulers
Provence, female rule in, (i)
Prussia, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
See also Teutonic Knights
Pugachev, Emelyan (Russian impostor), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Pushkin, Aleksander, (i)
Queen Anne's War (1702–13), (i)
Queen of Sheba, The (film), 222–23 queens. See chess queens; female sovereigns; regency and female government
Raleigh, Sir Walter, (i)n29
Razia, films entitled, (i)
Razia-ad-Din, female sultan of Delhi (1236–40), (i), (ii)
Razumovsky, Alexis ('nocturnal emperor’ of Russia), (i)
Reformation, Protestant, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
See also Calvin, John; Luther, Martin; Knox, John
regency and female government, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)n7
See also female sovereigns
religion: gender and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
political struggles and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)n14
sovereignty and, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
wars and, (i), (ii)
See also Buddhism; Islam; Reformation, Protestant
Richardot, François (eulogist), (i), (ii)
Richards, Judith, (i)
Rizzio, David, (i)
Robert, prince of Taranto, (i)
Robert the Wise, king of Naples (1309–43), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n13
Romanov dynasty (Russia), (i), (ii)
Ronsard, Pierre de (poet), (i)
Rubens, Peter Paul (artist), (i), (ii), fig. 8
Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1611), (i)
Ruknuddin, sultan of Delhi (1236), (i)
Rumiantsov, Peter (general), (i)
Russia, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n34
Rustaveli, Shota (poet), (i)
Rusudan, female monarch of Georgia (1223–45), (i)
Salic law (France), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
See also female sovereigns; inheritance by female rulers
Sánchez Coello, Alonso (painter), (i)
Sarolt, queen of Hungary, (i)
Sati Beg, female Iranian sultan (1338–39), (i), (ii)n1
Schönbrunn (Viennese palace), (i), (ii)
Scotland, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Sebastian, king of Portugal (1558–78), (i)
Semiramis, Assyrian regent (812–790 B.C.), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Seondeok, female Korean monarch (632–47), (i)
Seven Years’ War (1756–63), (i), (ii)
Shahnameh (Iranian epic poem), (i)
Shajar al-Durr ('Tree of Pearls'), female Egyptian sultan (1250–57), (i), (ii), (iii)
Sheba, Queen of, (i), (ii)
Sheskovsky, Stepan, (i)
Shuvalov, Peter (statesman), (i), (ii), (iii)
Sicily, kingdoms of, (i), (ii), (iii)
Silla dynasty (Korea), (i)
Sixtus V, pope (1585–90), (i)
Skavronsky, Marta. See Catherine I
Sleidan, Johann (chronicler), (i)
Snayers, Pieter (painter), (i)
Sophia Alekseevna, co-regent of Russia (1686–89), (i), (ii), (iii)n4, (iv)
Soslan, David (husband of Tamar of Georgia), (i), fig. 3
Spain, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
See also Galicia; León and Castile; Toledo
Spanish Inquisition, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)n48
Spinola, Ambrosio, (i)
St. Bartholemew, Massacre of (1572), (i), (ii), (iii)
St. Bridget of Sweden, (i)
St. Jadwiga, female monarch of Poland (1384–99), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Stalin, Joseph, (i)
Stanlislas Poniatowski, king of Poland (1764–95), (i), (ii)n34
Steinberg, Blema, (i)
Strong, Roy, (i)
Strozzi, Filippo, (i)
succession laws.
See female sovereigns; inheritance by female rulers; Pragmatic Sanction; primogeniture; Salic law
Suiko, female Japanese tenno (591–628), (i)
Suvorov, Alexander (general), (i)
Sweden, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Switzerland, (i)
Tallinn (Estonia), (i)
Tamar, female monarch of Georgia (1191–1213), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), fig. 3
Tang dynasty (China), (i), (ii), (iii)
‘Tarakanova’ (female Russian impostor), (i), (ii)
Taylor, Elizabeth (actress), (i)
tennos (Japanese sovereigns), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n12
Teresa, countess of Portugal (1096–1128), (i), (ii)
Teutonic Knights (Prussia), (i)
Thatcher, Margaret, English prime minister (1979–90), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), fig. 17
Theodora, joint emperor (1042) and emperor (1055–56) of Byzantium, (i)
Theresianium (Viennese school), (i), (ii)
Thirty Years’ War (1618–48), (i), (ii)
Thousand and One Nights (epic), (i)
Thutmose III, Egyptian pharaoh (1458–25 B.C.), (i)
Titian, (i), (ii)
To
ledo, (i)
Triest, Monika, (i)
Turkey, (i), (ii), (iii)
Tyldesley, Joyce, (i)
Uçok Un, Badriye, (i)
Ulrika Eleonora, female monarch of Sweden (1718–20), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
United States of America, (i), (ii), (iii)
Urraca, female monarch of León-Castile (1109–26), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)
usurpation (as road to power), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
See also regency and female government
Valla, Lorenzo, (i)
van Meytens, Martin (painter), (i)
Venice, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Victoria, female monarch of England (1837–1901) and empress of India (1876–1901), (i), (ii), (iii)
virginity, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Vocelka, Karl, (i)
von Düben, Emerentia, (i)
Vyazemsky, A. A., (i)
Wanegffelen, Thierry, (i)
War of Spanish Succession (1701–13), (i)
War of Austrian Succession (1740–48), (i), (ii), (iii)
Weil, Rachel, (i)
Wessely, Paula (actress), (i)
West, Mae (actress), (i)
Whitelock, Anne, (i), (ii)
Who's Who, (i)
William III, joint monarch (1689–94) and king (1694–1702) of England, (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Willis, Francis (physician), (i)
Winter Palace (St. Petersburg), (i), (ii)
Wolf, Armin, (i)
women. See female sovereigns; gender
Wormald, Jenny, (i)
Wu Ze-tian, female emperor of China (690–705), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)n8, (vii)n30
Yonan, Michael, (i)
Zenobia, monach of Palmyra (270–72), (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Zoe, joint emperor (1042) of Byzantium, (i)
Zoroastrianism, (i), (ii)
Zubov, Platon, (i)
The Rise of Female Kings in Europe, 1300-1800 Page 34
