First published by Top Hat Books, 2015
Top Hat Books is an imprint of John Hunt Publishing Ltd., Laurel House, Station Approach,
Alresford, Hants, SO24 9JH, UK
[email protected]
www.johnhuntpublishing.com
For distributor details and how to order please visit the ‘Ordering’ section on our website.
Text copyright: Mary Brigid Surber 2014
ISBN: 978 1 78279 934 4
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014954145
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical articles or reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publishers.
The rights of Mary Brigid Surber as author have been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Design: Stuart Davies
Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY, UK
We operate a distinctive and ethical publishing philosophy in all areas of our business, from our global network of authors to production and worldwide distribution.
This is not my story, but it was given to me to tell, so I will tell it.
I may not be the best teller, but I will tell it the best I can.
In west-central Poland, near the German border where two brooks converge, a vast wetland is formed. Along the River Warta, just upstream from the marsh, sits my town. Legend has it that as the city was built, the founding fathers didn’t know what to name it. Someone suggested that the city council sit outside the town gate and take the name of the person who entered first. The older men went outside the walls to wait; soon a young girl came. Upon entering, the council asked her for her name.
She said, “I’m Kusters Trin.” So the city was named Kustrin; in Poland we called it Kostrzyn.
My name is Eva. In Polish, it is spelled Ewa. My name means “life.”
As an only child, I loved the land where I was born and lived my earliest memories. I couldn’t imagine growing up anywhere else. In my mind’s eye I can still see the green of the watery lowlands that stretched beyond our land, the blue of the sky, and the white of the storks. They came in spring and left at the end of the harvesting. This caused me great regret because I knew their leaving meant the summer’s end and school’s beginning. The sky seemed so blue that summer; the summer before the war changed everything about the land and life that I loved; the summer of freedom when I last laid eyes on the green of the wetlands, the blue of the sky, and the white of the storks.
The summer I call the last stork summer.
Chapter 1
Creation
The scientific name of the European White stork is: Ciconia ciconia.
Creation: usually associated with making life. Poland was overflowing with potential and the abundance of life…creation.
Grandpa said, “If God came down from heaven, He’d come to Poland because it would remind Him of the Garden of Eden.”
I wondered why God would ever want to come here, especially with the infiniteness of the universe. It wasn’t that I doubted my grandfather’s words or Poland’s potential. It was mankind’s wars over boundaries, causing problems in the world that made me question grandpa’s statement. Over the centuries our country had been torn apart by countless wars and struggles for land. We lived and worked on a farm that had been in my mother’s family for a very long time. Land that meant more than just a place to live and work. Land that we nurtured, coaxed to life, exchanged favors with. Living here gave me lots of opportunity to see life’s potential. Hitler must have seen it too.
Nine days before Germany invaded Poland, Adolf Hitler commanded his military officers to: “kill without pity or mercy, all men, women, and children of Polish descent or language. Only in this way can we obtain the living space [lebensraum] we need.” And so, the terrorizing of the Polish people began on September 1, 1939. By creating his world he was destroying ours.
* * *
It was a beautiful summer morning. The light came in chunks of vividness, making the world around me richer and more distinct. It was the kind of sunrise that makes you want to linger by the window so your eyes can take in creation awakening, unfolding before you, but I was not allowed to remain a spectator to daybreak, or to leave the house that day. I found my family huddled around the radio in the kitchen, clinging to a hope that would never be realized. They were listening to the words flying out of the box, like geese in formation, one following the other making their imprint on the pages of my brain. Their concentration floated over the radio like a bird hovering in the wind. It remained unbroken by the words of shock and distress exposing Poland’s vulnerability.
In the distance, I could hear squadrons of planes, charting their way toward the east, making clear blue skies turn black and gray. Metal birds carrying bombs and dropping destruction, changing the topography of the land and the life of its people. Eventually, the noise of the war drove us to the root cellar just outside our kitchen.
Down the steps into the cool darkness, we sat with bins of onions, potatoes, and other vegetables. I wasn’t fond of this cellar before the war; dark as a moonless night, it reminded me of a grave and obscured my view of the landscape outside. Now, however, it felt completely different. It took away most of the noise of the war, and kept me feeling protected and encircled by the love and strength of my family.
After the first week of war, papa built wooden benches to sit on and mama added blankets to the stocked shelves. We were surrounded by food and sturdy earthen walls. It muffled the sound of Germany’s crushing invasion taking our countryside, leaving a path of desolation in its churned up wake. Every morning began in this way, followed by days, then weeks of staying inside. I began to feel safer in the cellar than I did in the house. Here we sat, day after day, unable to witness the changes happening in eastern Poland. Kostrzyn had been taken without much of a fight. It was small, and didn’t hold much importance for the Nazis; many Germans had already made this land their home. Proclamations would be made. New laws would be enforced. Poland would fall.
For a short time every morning, the radio was our only connection to the world. A world that was broken, and so different from the one I’d been born into. I looked around the cellar, desperate for a picture to place in my head, where I could keep it safely cloaked until I needed it. I searched my papa’s face, willing my eyes to commit every line, every detail to memory. I studied the heaviness of his coal colored hair, the clear green eyes that saw beyond the obvious, and the sand colored flesh warmed by hours and hours of living and working on land that was part of his very being.
He saw me staring and held out his hands. I crumbled into the safety of his arms. Beneath the earth, in a cool, dark, stonelined cellar, the days marched on; I learned the meaning of the word comfort, and that authentic strength was simply displayed in gentleness.
Kindliness could not be extended to our animals, however. We could only venture outside under cover of darkness to feed and tend to their needs. They must have missed the people who cared for them. I had no idea I’d miss the entire autumn that year. I loved the fall. Everything around me turned gold; the grain fields, meadow grass, leaves, fruit. The war kept me from seeing it, though, and I was starting to lose patience with the new routine that had been forced on us. I longed to look out across the valley and watch the seasons dress the landscape in her new colors. There was a stork nest down the hill on the roof of an abandoned barn, just beyond the edge of our farm. I knew the habits and routines of the storks that nested there. I knew it because it was real, true and certain. I knew it because I watched it every year. It wasn’t someth
ing that happened occasionally; it occurred consistently, generation after generation. This year I wondered if they’d left early for their wintering grounds because of the war. Did they sense the difference in our world, or did they continue following the natural cycles of life they were accustomed to despite the challenge to Poland’s survival?
Hitler’s plan for Poland’s destruction was thorough and carried out systematically. By the middle of October, 1939, all of our rights had vanished, and we were fully and completely under German rule and occupation. We were under strict rationing. Only bare necessities of food, fuel and medicine could be purchased. We were also subject to special legislation. This allowed Germany to forcibly draft all of our young men into the German army; they forbid us speaking the Polish language, disposed of the Polish press, and shattered our bookshops, libraries, art and culture. All secondary schools and colleges were closed and all churches and synagogues were burned. Street signs as well as cities were renamed in German. Most of the priests as well as any community leaders, teachers, judges, doctors, and mayors, were publicly shot or sent to concentration camps.
Polish nationalism and Catholicism had been inseparable for years. The Catholic Church provided the foundation for Polish nationalism by rejecting Hitler’s theories and practices of racial purification, and preaching unity of the human race. Organizationally, the Church offered networks and institutions within which people could gather, distance themselves from Nazi propaganda, provide aid to Nazi victims, and oppose Nazi policies. In certain occupied regions, Catholic resistance was “armed.” If the Nazis were to succeed they had to destroy the church organization as well as its leadership. The first clergymen to arrive in concentration camps were the Polish priests. Along with the clergy, Poland’s educated class was specifically targeted. Hitler knew that controlling the country would be much easier without them.
By the end of December 1939, the “street round-ups” started. These continued for the duration of the war. People were forcibly taken from their homes in the middle of the night. Those living in cities were the first to experience the terror, confusion and helplessness of the round-ups. After being forced at gunpoint from their homes, Polish citizens were lined up for hours, with no regard for their need of food, water, or shelter. They were interrogated and their fates sealed. Those chosen for deportation were categorized by their occupational status, or the attitude they maintained toward the Germans. A few would be allowed to return to their home; most, however, were either sent to work camps, concentration camps, or immediately shot…dismissed, depreciated, and discarded.
By the spring of 1941, the Polish children became the next target of the German war machine. The children with “Aryan Characteristics” were taken from their families and sent to Lodz, in eastern Poland, for further examinations. Children who passed the examinations were placed with German families or in German orphanages to continue their cultural re-education. Children who didn’t pass the examinations and children who didn’t qualify were sent to labor camps to begin a life of confinement and deprivation. By December of 1942 a special camp for Polish children was established within a separate area of the Lodz ghetto.
* * *
I would lie in bed at night and listen to my parents and grandparents discuss our situation.
“We are not in a city, nor near one. We live near a small town, but unfortunately we are also close to what used to be the German border,” said papa. “We have managed to survive this way for three years, our luck will hold,” he added with tired resignation.
“We can hide in the woods,” offered mama. “Many of the families from this area are doing that.”
“Yes, but you know what happens to them if they are discovered…” Papa left the sentence unfinished. There was no need to finish it. We all knew the price.
“I can’t sit here any longer and wait for them to come and take Ewa,” said mama. “There must be a way to keep her safe.”
I could hear the panic in my mother’s voice and feel the helplessness she felt. She carried her regret like a sack of grain strapped to her back. Remaining on our land while hoping for immunity from Nazi policies, was like hoping to survive a burning house by staying inside. I knew it was more than she could bear. I could see the sadness in her eyes and feel the despair in her heart. Surrounded by destruction and chaos it was almost impossible not to feel that way. Over the past three years we had watched helplessly as Germany dismantled our country, culture, and lives.
Other than one old cow, a few chickens and two sheep, all of our farm animals had been taken. Only the land immediately surrounding the house was still ours. The rest of our farm had been given to a German family. Everything we’d known was gone; vanished, like it had never existed. Other families in the area had simply disappeared, gone into hiding, or been deported by the Nazis to labor camps. There seemed to be no way out. Our time was running out and we were painfully aware of it. Like watching leaves change color, then floating away in the winter wind, we were watching the substance of our lives transform and disappear. The first three years of the war showed me that only the seasons, and the storks following their yearly migration and nesting routines, remained constant in Poland. Everything else was changed by Hitler. It didn’t feel real. It didn’t feel possible, but it was.
I will never forget my last morning at home. After waking and dressing, I walked into the kitchen. A heavy sadness hung in the air. Basil stood next to me, resting his head on my leg as I rubbed his ear. My mother and grandmother were seated at the table; my grandmother was holding my mother’s hand. Eyes swollen from crying, my mother’s face bore the heart-break of our dilemma. I had never seen such a sad look in my mother’s eyes.
“It’s ok, mama,” I offered. I couldn’t bear seeing her so sad. No one had to tell me. I knew my summons had been delivered. My appearance was expected at the deportation center in Kostrzyn. My day for racial examination had arrived.
Chapter 2
Sovereignty
Storks migrate back and forth from their wintering grounds in Africa to their spring and summer range in Poland.
They are attracted to tall trees or buildings where they build nests that often weigh several tons.
There was a family living on a farm, near a marsh along the River Warta. The day after Ewa left, mama awoke to find her husband lying next to her, staring at the ceiling. A single tear ran down his cheek.
“Is it true?” she whispered.
Papa shook his head to confirm the heaviness that was taking over her chest and making it difficult to breathe. Hair wild, eyes the color of inconsolable grief, she rocked back and forth screaming silently. She begged God to end the nightmare. Basil, who’d been sleeping on the floor next to their bed, slowly climbed up and placed his head on her chest for a few moments, then stood and howled, making the most sorrowful sound she’d ever heard an animal make. His wail bore witness to her silent screams and gave sound to the grief she could not voice.
* * *
Sovereignty is authority claimed by a community. We were now firmly controlled by Nazi authority. We were part of all the lands, people, and resources that Adolf Hitler claimed for Germany. How could a mad-man named Adolf Hitler incite the German people to wage war on their neighbors, kidnap close to 200,000 Polish children, and enslave them in labor camps?
In March 1942, I arrived at the work camp within the walls of the Lodz ghetto. At first it was the lack of green that made me cringe. No nature, just bare russet boxes, laid out in rows, surrounded by miles and miles of barbed wire. They reminded me of weathered bales of hay, abandoned, and left to rot in the fields. There was only dirt, and brown, and depletion. The significance of Litzmannstadt was told by the barren, plank walls, and the rows of bunks cradling sleeping, rag-clad, misery. This was a place where hope died upon entering, but memories multiplied and sustained those fortunate enough to have them. I learned quickly to recall with vivid detail, all the little things that made life before the war so special. That was how I r
emembered who I was before I became a number and a non-member of Hitler’s Aryan society. The memory of my mother’s hugs with her long hair tickling my face was one of the first clear pictures I saw in my mind, shortly after my arrival.
I was standing in the shower room, soaking wet, naked, goose-bumps invading my normally smooth skin, shivering from fear as well as cold. I watched my long, dark brown hair fall in clumps on the floor. We were lined up after our shower, waiting and watching helplessly as we each lost our hair. The cutters were just dull scissors, and they left lumpy, unevenly spaced, short clumps of hair all over our heads. I lifted my hand in astonishment to feel my head. I’d never been without hair before. Bumpy, poking bits of fiber replaced what my head had previously worn. I thought of our sheep at shearing time. Knees knocking, heart racing, gasping the terrified air around me, I shut my eyes. That’s when memories of my mother came to me, and helped relieve the craziness engulfing me.
Suddenly, instead of feeling panicked and taking short, choppy breaths, I could breathe deeply. I didn’t want to see this room anymore, or feel the coldness of its purpose. I still felt shaky and scared, but the picture in my mind helped calm me.
Then the girl behind me started sobbing when her thick, curly hair hit the floor. I closed my eyes again, and willed my papa’s picture to appear. The guard, as large as a tank, wearing a gray wool uniform, dashed over and started yelling at her. When that didn’t stop her cries, he rotated the rifle that was strapped to his chest out of the way, and pummeled her with his fists. She crashed to the floor while the beating continued, blood spraying from her mouth and nose.
The children in the room froze. They stared in disbelief, mouths hung open in shock. They tried not to watch, but were unable to escape the sound and action of what was happening in front of them. Shouts and kicks and blood tangled with arms and legs and tears, as hatred left its signature on her body, assaulting her into submission. I stared in horror at the brutal scene before me, unable to avert my eyes. Panic, the color of red, drenched my brain and clogged my ears, forcing me to shut my eyes again. I saw myself wrapped in my papa’s gentle embrace. The red slowly changed to orange, then yellow and finally white, giving me the feeling that I was basking in the safety of his strength. This memory kept me from running out of the room, and from possibly receiving a beating myself. And countless scenes like that reoccurred as the war progressed and my time in Litzmannstadt continued.
Last Stork Summer Page 1
