by Hugh Thomas
Olive, Liénard de 1’, 173
Oliveira, Fernão de, 126–27, 794
Onesimus, 30
On the Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul (Doddridge), 494
Opinion nationale, L’, 783
Ordaz, Diego de, 102
O’Reilly, General, 280
Orion, 770–71
Ormazabal, José Maria, 543
Ormond, John, 683–84
Ormonde, Duchess of, 238
Oroonoko, or the Royal Slave (Behn), 454, 468
Ortiz, Fernando, 656
Ortiz, Leonardo, 121
Osai of Aboh, 700
Osei Bonsu, King of Ashanti, 373
Osei Kodwo, King of Ashanti, 376
Osei Tuti, 227
O Sete de Setembro (Lopes Gama), 635
Ostend Manifesto of 1854, 758
Oswald, Mary Ramsay, 282, 294
Oswald, Richard, 10, 269, 276, 282, 294, 296–97, 321, 342, 440, 444, 486–87, 497, 556, 683
Othman ibn Affan, Caliph, 36
“Oude” Company, see Dutch West India Company
Ourika (Duras), 624
Ouseley, Sir William, 657
Ouwman, Cornelius Hendrickx, 172
Ovando, Nicolás de, 91
Overseas Council (Portuguese), 213
Oviedo, Gonzalo Fernández de, 100, 103
Owen, Nic, 344, 419
Owen, William, 653
Oxford, Robert Harley, first earl of, 238
Oyo Empire, 47, 60, 354, 356, 357–58, 359, 563, 695, 795
Ozulua, King of Benin, 79
Pacheco, Gaspar, 184
Pacheco Pereira, Duarte, 111, 130, 330, 366–67, 373
Padilla, García de, 98
Padlock, The (Bickerstaffe), 471
Page, Richard, 763
Page, W. H. G., 589, 599
Paine, John S., 662, 671
Paine, Tom, 548
Paiva, Afonso de, 86
Palacio, Ramón, 267
Palafox, Juan, 179
Paley, Dr. William, 492
Palma, Giovanni di, 74
Palma, Willem de la, 352
Palmerston, Henry Temple, third viscount, 642, 652, 658–59, 660, 667, 668, 669, 670, 699, 712, 731, 733, 738, 741, 743, 744, 745–46, 751, 753–54, 755, 764, 768, 773–74, 776, 777
Free Traders and, 734–36
personality of, 656–57
right of visit debate and, 662–64
slave trade as seen by, 656–57
U.S.-British relations and, 662–64, 671–72
palm oil trade, 564–65, 677, 679, 698, 789
Panama, 95, 104, 144, 167, 237
Pando, Juan de, 215
Papel Periódico, El, 505
Parada, Alonso de, 101–2, 139
Paradise Lost (Milton), 451
Pareja, Juan de, 121
Parejo, Antonio, 647, 721, 752, 759
Paretti (slave trader), 743
Parfait Négociant, Le (Savary), 411–12
Paris, First Treaty of (1814), 584
Paris, Peace of (1783), 10, 274, 276, 342
Paris, Second Treaty of (1815), 587, 592
Park, Mungo, 381, 383–86, 540, 561, 610
Parke, Richard, 676
Parker, E., 575
Parker, Isaac, 363–64
Parker, Josiah, 518
Parker, Montgomery, 703
Parkman, Samuel, 330, 569
Parliament, British, 236, 476, 479, 493, 506, 574, 650, 658–59, 699, 730
Free Trade group in, 733–37
Parr, John, 326
Parreno, José Jesús, 549
Pastor, Manuel, 647, 648, 752, 759
Patriote français, Le, 520
Patterson, Daniel T., 614
Paul, Lewis, 249
Paul, Saint, 30
Paul III, Pope, 124–25
Paüs, John de, 133
Pavía, Brigadier, 754
Pearne v. Lisle, 474
Pearson, Frederick, 661
Peckard, Peter, 492
Pedrarias (Pedro Arias Dávila), 95
Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil, 609, 611, 742, 743, 788, 797
Pedro II, King of Portugal, 219, 228
Pedro Blanco, el negrero (Novás Calvo), 688n
Pedroso, Ignacio, 601
Pedrozo de Albuquerque, Antônio, 633
Peel, Sir Robert (manufacturer), 536, 553, 786
Peel, Sir Robert (statesman, son of the preceding), 648, 650, 671, 735, 786
Peel, William, 556
Peirson, Joseph, 356
Pelleport, Pierre, 622
Pembroke, William Herbert, first earl of, 156
Penn, William, 451
Pennant, Richard, see Penrhyn
Pennell, William, 630
Pennsylvania, 177, 259, 271–72, 459, 460, 463, 482, 502, 772
Penny, James, 371–72
Penrhyn, Richard Pennant, Lord, 248, 508, 513, 516
Pepple, King of Bonny, 698–99, 700, 736
Pepys, Samuel, 199, 201
Peralta, Hernando de, 95
Percival, Andrew, 203
Pereira de Vasconcelos, Bernardo, 610, 635
Pereira Forjaz, Manuel, 166–67
Pereira Marinho, Joaquim, 633, 697, 735
Peres, Manuel Bautista, 179–80, 295
Perestrello, Bartolomé, 87
Pérez Osorio, Alvaro, 99
Pérez Rola, José, 689, 803
Perfect, 405
Perkins, Colonel Thomas Handasyd, 487, 534
“permission ship,” 236, 239
Pernambuco company, 277–78, 292, 366
Pernea, José, 701
Perry, Captain, 510
Perry, Captain Matthew, 616–17, 681–82, 727–28, 762
Perseverance, 298, 305
Peru, 104, 116, 122, 123, 136–37, 139, 179–80, 183, 211, 246, 267, 435, 503, 567
expansion of slave trade in, 535
importation of slaves into, 102–3, 167
Pery, John, 454, 469
Peter, King, 690
Petion de Villeneuve, Jérôme, 520, 521, 524
Pétition contre la traite (Morenas), 623
petit route, la, 313
Petrie, John, 540
Petty, Lord Henry (later third marquis of Lansdowne), 553, 554
Pezuela, Juan de la, 756–59, 782
Pheasant, 595, 652
Phénix, 404–5
Philadelphia Colonization Society, 690
Philip II, King of Spain, 126, 138–42, 159, 164
and conquest of Portugal, 139–40
slave trade and, 140–42
Philip III, King of Spain, 144, 148, 298, 398, 451
Philip IV, King of Spain, 166, 210, 212
Philip V, King of Spain, 227–28, 231, 236, 464
Philipse, Adolphus, 203
Philipse, Frederick, 203–4, 310, 328, 369, 573
Phillimore, Joseph, 599
Phillips, Catherine, 492
Phillips, James, 492
Phillips, John, 545
Phillips, Thomas, 309, 370, 379, 390–91, 392, 394, 396, 400, 412, 417, 423
embarkation of slaves described by, 406–7
treatment of slaves described by, 418–20, 421
Piacenza, Dionigio Carli de, 412
Pichard, Laville, 404
Pickman, Dudley Leavitt, 707
Pierce, Franklin, 755, 757
Pierce, William, 177
Pierson, Josiah, 374
Pietro, Alonso, 87
Pignoria, Lorenzo, 125
Pigott, Arthur, 553
Pigott, John, 553
Pike, Captain, 799, 800
Pilotos de Altura, Los (Baroja), 622, 647, 676, 752
Pinckney, Charles, 502–3
Pinczon du Sel des Monts, Julien-Joseph, 266
Pineda family, 121
Pinnegar, William, 329
Pinney, John, 476
Pinto da Fonseca, Antonio, 743
Pinto da Fonseca, Manoel, 633,
647, 676, 702, 703, 704, 706, 732, 740, 743
pirates, 153, 197–98, 203, 215, 223, 240, 311–12, 314, 342, 722
Atlantic crossing and, 429–30
of Caribbean, 579, 639
Pitt, William (the Elder, later earl of Chatham), 272n, 274
Pitt, William (the Younger, son of the preceding), 13, 235, 401, 449, 496, 499, 508–9, 516, 528, 536, 540, 546, 552, 553
abolition debate and, 494–95, 506–7, 514, 517, 525, 529, 530, 538, 539, 550, 551
“Take and Hold” policy of, 274
Pittucks, Philip, 636
Pius II, Pope, 9, 11–12, 71–72
Pius VII, Pope, 510, 583, 587
Pizarro, Francisco, 102–3
Pizarro, Hernando, 105
Pizarro, José García de León y, 600, 604
Plancius, Petrus, 161
Planeo, Hernando, 179
Plato, 28
Platt, William Henry, 714
Plessis, Pierre du, 254
Pliny the Elder, 28
Plummer, T. W., 555
Plumstead, William, 298
Pluto, 652, 702
Poëy, Juan, 760
Pole, Charles, 248, 259, 300
Pole, Sir Charles, M.P. (groom to Duke of Clarence), 555
Politics (Aristotle), 25, 28
Polk, James K., 642
Pombal, Marquis of, 277, 278, 292, 337
Ponce de León, Juan, 91, 95
Pons, Miguel, 670
Ponsonby, Sir John, second lord, 676
Pontchartrain, Louis Phélypeaux, count of, 228
Pope, Alexander, 241, 244n, 455, 456, 478
Poplett, Thomas, 378–79
Porcío, Nicolás, 214, 215, 218
Portal, Baron, 588
Porteus, Beilby, 490
Porteus, Edward, 208
Portinari, Tommaso, 85
Portland, Henry Bentinck, first duke of, 241
Portland, William Bentinck, third duke of, 490
Porto, João do, 78
Portuense, Victoriano, 456
Portugal, 10–11, 13, 21–24, 25, 40, 41, 47, 153, 164, 178, 214, 218, 226, 227, 256, 262, 267, 279, 285–86, 291, 293, 319–20, 325, 333–34, 340, 345, 346–48, 355, 356, 360, 362, 365, 368, 388–89, 393, 396, 432, 441, 542, 582, 592, 593, 657, 658–69, 674, 681–82, 729, 735, 791
abolition movement and, 463–64, 485, 549
Alcáçovas Treaty and, 76
Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1807 and, 573–74
Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1811 and, 575–77, 589
Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1815 and, 585–86, 599
Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1817 and, 608, 610, 730
Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1826 and, 730
Angola and, 130–33
baptism of slaves and, 397–98
Brazil and, 105–6
British abolition and, 563–64, 573–77
Congo’s relationship with, 128–30, 219–20
earthquake of 1755 in, 79
Hawkins’s expeditions and, 157–58
Law of 1684 of, 413, 419, 421, 457
Luanda settlement and, see Luanda settlement as maritime nation, 55–56
Netherlands and, 159, 161, 169–72, 184
resident slaves of, 119, 163
slavery abolished by, 485, 503, 656, 787
Spanish conquest of, 139–40
Tordesillas Treaty and, 106
Portugal, Alvaro de, 96
Portugal, Jorge de, 96
Portuguese Company, 760–61
Postlethwayte, Malachy, 188, 265
Potter, Simeon, 284–85, 294, 534, 535
Potter, William, 405
Pottier, Captain, 588
Powell, Justice, 474
Power y Giralt, Ramón, 581
Pradera, Víctor, 93
Prémord, Jean-Baptiste, 276, 293
Present State of England, The (Chamberlayne), 473–74
Prévost, Antoine-François, 355
Prince of Wales, 275 Princess Charlotte, 589
Principio do Esmeraldo “de situ orbis” (Pereira), 111
Prior, James, 577
privilege slaves, 308
Profeta Daniel, 217, 304
Profitt, George, 729, 740
Providence Gazette, 503
Providence Society for Abolition, 502, 503
Pruneau de Pommegorge (French official), 330, 356
Prussia, 262, 587, 663
Puerto Rico, 91, 92, 95, 101, 105, 136, 504, 581, 600, 602, 603, 629, 637, 747, 781
slave rebellion in, 104
slave trade and, 140–41, 239, 267–68, 280–81, 756n
sugar industry of, 100
Pulgar, Hernando del, 75
Putnam, Mrs., 705
Pyrard de Laval, François, 134
Quakers, 12, 298, 451, 458–61, 471–73, 476–77, 479, 481, 482, 485, 487, 490–92, 493, 501, 509, 518, 519, 532, 657–58, 735, 797
Quatrefages, Jean-Louis, 625
Queluz, Marquis of, 610
Quiloanage (ngola ruler), 131
Quin, Jean Valentin, 253
Quintuple Treaty, 663
Quitman, John, 757
Racer, 723
Radama, King of Madagascar, 595
Raguenet, François, 192
Ramírez, Alejandro, 601, 602, 604, 606, 638
Ramos, Tomás, 704
Ramsay, Captain, 654
Ramsay, Dr. James, 491, 492–93, 494, 497
Ramsay, Mary, 282, 294
Rasparte, 678
Rasteau, Jacques, 295, 296
Rasteau, Pierre, 296
Ratcliffe, Thomas, 283
Raule, Benjamin, 210
Rawlinson, Samuel, 322
Rawlinson, William, 322
Raynal, Abbé Guillaume-Thomas, 291, 307–8, 483–85, 487, 492, 589
Recalde, Juan López de, 99
Redwing, 722
Redwood, Abraham, 260, 270, 271, 294, 300, 439
Reed, George C, 616, 617
Reformation, 298, 305
Rego, Lourenço Antonio do, 631
Rego Barroes family, 635
Reidy, George, 301
Relampago, 744
Renaissance, 113, 115, 464
Representation of the Injustice and Dangerous Tendency of Tolerating Slavery in England, A (Sharp), 475
Reunión, Count of, 643
Reventlow, Dietrich, 223
Revista Hispano-Americano, 781
Revolutionary Congress, Chilean, 577
Reynell, John, 298
Reynolds, Barrington, 741, 742, 743, 744
Reynolds, Joshua, 475
Rhett, Robert Barnwell, 765
Rhett, William, 209
Rhode Island, 260–61, 270–71, 272, 283, 284, 286, 303, 328, 337, 454, 487, 501, 532, 534, 545, 569
anti-slavery sentiment in, 452, 453, 463, 482, 502–3, 519–20
Ribaldo, Agustín de, 99
Ribas, Jacome (Jaime), 52–53
Ribault, Jean, 156
Ribeiro da Rocha, Manuel, 463
Ribera, Abraham, 270, 299, 301
Ribera, Jacobo Rodrigues, 12, 270, 315, 437
Ricafort, General, 641
Rich, Sir Robert (later second earl of Warwick), 11, 174–75
Richard family, 251
Richardson, Francis, 298
Riche, Thomas, 272
Richelieu, Cardinal, 173, 679
Richmond, Charles Gordon-Lennox, third duke of, 250
Riela, Count of, 280
Rifleman, 720–21
Riley, Charles, 659, 678
Rime of the Ancient Mariner (Coleridge), 155
Ringgold, Thomas, 271, 442
Rio de Janeiro, 432–34, 542, 566, 567, 573, 582, 610, 630, 631, 633, 634, 651, 676, 704, 706, 735, 742, 745
Rio Ferreira, Joaquim Antonio, 631
Rios, José de Los, 182
Riquelme, José Luis, 782
Rives, Gervais, 719
Robert, 425
Roberts, Captain, 31
8
Robertson, W. H., 757
Robertson, William, 483
Robespierre, Maximilien de, 522
Robin, King, 362
Robinson Crusoe (Defoe), 456
Rôdeur, 717
Rodney, Jack, 801
Rodney, Lord, 283, 508, 513
Rodrigues, Emanuel, 117, 128
Rodrigues, Nina, 611
Rodrigues, Simón, 117
Rodrigues Coutinho, João, 143–44
Rodrigues Lamego, Antonio, 165
Rodrigues Lamego, Manuel, 165
Rodrigues Laureno, Jean, 299
Rodrigues Mascarenhas, António, 111
Rodrigues Mascarenhas, José, 111
Rodrigues Mesa, João, 178
Rodríguez, Diego, 143
Rodríguez, José, 748
Rodríguez de Fonseca, Juan (bishop of Burgos), 89, 93–94, 98
Rogers, James, 531, 535
Rogers, J. P., 675
Rogers, Samuel, 591
Rolfe, John, 174
Romaigne, J. B., 717
Roman Empire, 25–27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 37, 40
Romanus Pontifex (papal bull), 65
Romberg, Frederick, 296
Romberg, Henry, 296
Romilly, Samuel, 524, 556
Romney, 656, 668
Roncali, Federico, 752
Rondinelli, Piero, 94–95, 300
Rooke, Admiral Sir George, 380
Rosa Cubana, La, 753
Rosales, Medina, 178
Rosário Monteiro, Joaquim do, 706
Rose, George, 554
Ross, George T., 614
Ross, Ronald, 310n
Rosse, John, 295
Rotch, William, 502–3
Rousseau, Captain, 341
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 464
Royal Adventurers into Africa, 198–201, 208, 292
Royal African Company (RAC), 13, 14, 196, 201–9, 218, 225, 226, 229–30, 236, 243, 246, 265, 292, 323, 324, 328, 330, 331, 339, 342, 343, 344, 369, 370, 376, 378, 382, 390, 395, 399, 403, 422, 430, 451, 454, 457, 483n, 490, 799
Africans’ attacks upon, 405
branding of slaves by, 396
Cape Coast and, 350
food provided by, 420
Glorious Revolution and, 204–5
independent traders and, 205–6, 240, 244
North America and, 207–9
profits at, 443
royal shareholders of, 201–2
slave mortality and, 423
slave trade and, 203–4
South Sea Company and, 238, 240
Royal Company of Saint-Domingue, 228
Royal Company of Sénégal, 228
Royal Havana Company, 266–67
Rozer, Jean, 191
Rubirosa, Francisco, 647, 701
Rucavado, Francisco Antonio de, 590, 599
Ruddock, Noblet, 442
Rueda, Alonso de, 95
Ruhle, Jacob, 349, 692
Ruinet, Victor, 617
Ruiz, Francisco, 675
Ruiz, José, 718
Ruiz de Apodaca, José, 641
Ruiz de Arce, Juan, 120
Ruiz de Noriega, José, 267
Ruiz Embite, Cosme, 142
Rupert, Prince, 197–98
