F. Scott Fitzgerald on, 49
fading of, postwar, 225–26, 229–33, 236
film industry and glitterati and, xx–xxi, 19, 78–79, 210–12
finances of, 18, 29
French resistance and, 5, 20, 88–94, 104, 108–14
gala opening of, 24–36
German arrival in Paris and, 7–9, 15–21
German officers and, xv–xvi 3–4, 19–20
German officers and, affairs with French women, 77–79, 185–92
German resistance and plot to kill Adolf Hitler and, 88, 94–102, 188, 196, 229
Hans von Pfyffer inspects, post-liberation, 196
Hermann Göring takes Laura Mae Corrigan’s imperial suite in, 18, 50–59
hidden rooms and closets in, 58, 108
Ingrid Bergman’s affair with Capa and, 210–12, 214
journalists and writers and, xvii–xix, 14–16, 64–65, 68–70, 74
kept open during occupation, 13–14, 17–19
liberation and, 140–43, 192–93
Marcel Proust at Princess Soutzo’s party in, during World War I, 40–48
Marcel Proust’s novel and, 37–38, 46
May 1968 uprising and, 229
nuclear scientists and, 193, 196–98, 201–4
Nuremberg tribunal officials and, 212
partitioning of, and corridor joining sides of, 17–19
politicians and, xvi–xvii, 9
postwar problems of, 225–26, 228–32
remodeled and reopening of, in 2014, 237–38
remodeled, in 1979, 236
rue Cambon side, 17, 19, 33
spies in, 78, 108
staff of, xiii–xiv, 11, 20
Swiss ownership of, 10, 13–14, 33–34, 105 109, 196
war crimes tribunals and, 212–13
Windsors and, 218–25
Winston Churchill visits, 9–10
Hôtel Ritz bar (rue Cambon side), 88
Ernest Hemingway liberates, 137, 143, 145–47, 198–201
espionage and resistance at, 94–95, 102, 108
Marlene Dietrich at, 210–11
nuclear scientists at, 198, 201–2
pre–World War II, 68–69
Robert Capa and Ingrid Bergman at, 210–11
Hôtel Scribe, 146, 148, 149, 157, 176, 209
Huis Clos (Sartre), 76–77, 84
Hutton, Barbara (Princess Troubetzkoy), 55, 222–23
Indignité nationale, 181
Indochina, 228, 230
Ireland, 237
Italy, 125, 228, 237
J’accuse (Zola), 29
Jackson, Robert H., 212
Jacob, Max, 165, 168
Japan, surrender of, 211
Jarreau, Charles, 72
Je Suis Partout (newspaper), 83
Jeu de Paume, 171
Jews
Blanche Auzello as, 89–90, 112
Coco Chanel and, 90, 179, 185–86, 188
concentration camps and, 207–8
deportations of, xvii, 83, 165–67, 171–72, 207
Dreyfus Affair and, 26–38
Elmingers hide, 108
extermination of, in Russia, 118
false papers for, 95
flee Paris, 168
Georges Mandel as, 13, 83
Marcel Proust as, 29–30
property confiscated, 168
Ritz celebrities and, 37, 42
Joliot-Curie, Jean Frédéric, 201–2
Jünger, Ernst, 78
Justin, Elaine “Pinky,” 67
Kahle, Hubert, 51
Keitel, Wilhelm, 103
Keller, Freddy, 214
Kennedy, Joseph, 55
Kharmayeff, Lily, 91–93, 109, 111–13
Khokhlova, Olga, 41
Kirkpatrick, Helen, xvii, 152–54, 160, 196
Kluge, Günther von, 96–100
L’Allinec, Jean-Marie, 129–30, 136, 142–43
La Roche-Guyon (German military headquarters), 90, 98
Laval, Pierre, xvii, xxi, 79–81, 170, 178, 187, 233
assassination of Georges Mandel and, 82–85
daughter Josée and, 90
deportations of Jews and, 181
trial and execution of, 213
Windsors and, 219
Leclerc, Philippe, 115, 120–22, 131, 133, 136, 144, 153, 164
Lelong, Lucien, 178
liberation, xvi, xvii, xviii, xix, xxii, 139, 151
Charles de Gaulle and, 143–44
Charles de Gaulle’s parade celebrating, 159–61
collaborationists fear of reprisals and, 83–84
Free French arrive in Paris and, 115, 119–22
purges following, 144–45, 179–84, 192, 213
Robert Capa vs. Ernest Hemingway race to Ritz and, 124–37
women journalists and, 152–62
Lifar, Serge, 165, 170–71, 190
Life, 15, 55, 67, 71, 124, 156, 230
Linstow, Hans von, 99, 101
Lochner, Louis, 15–16
Lombardi, Vera Bate, 188–89
London
Baby Blitz, 63
Blitz, 80, 153
Lost Generation, 12, 62
Lubin, Germaine, 183
Luce, Clare Boothe, 15, 55, 151
Luftwaffe (German air force), 10
bombing of London” 63
Hermann Göring and, 50
last attack on Paris, post-liberation, 162
thefts by, on evacuation, 105
World War I and, 47
Luxembourg, 228, 237
Maar, Dora, 12, 157, 168
Maginot Line, 8–9
Mamelles de Tirésias, Les (Apollinaire), 41
Mandel, Claude, 13
Mandel, Georges, xvi–xvii, 11, 184, 233
affair with Bretty and, 12–13, 82
assassination of, 81–83
flees Paris on eve of occupation, 13–14
internment of, 81–82, 84
Winston Churchill and, 9–10, 12, 121, 144
Manhattan Project, xviii, 193, 196–98, 203
“Manifesto of the Intellectuals,” 29
Maquis (French pro-communist resistance forces), 129
Marat, Princess, 42
Marcel (resistance fighter), 129
Marconi, Lana, 182
Marshall, S. L. A., 129, 132–33, 136, 146
Mata Hari (Margaretha Zelle), 43
Maxwell, Elsa, xx, 52–53, 60, 218, 224, 233
Meier, Frank (bartender), xiv, 141, 198
resistance and, 87–91, 93–96, 102, 108, 110
Mendl, Lady, 55
Mesmer, Franz, 46
Meurice, Hotel, 17
Mikhailovich, Michael, Grand Duke, 35
Milice (French Gestapo), 20, 80–82, 108
Miller, Lee, xvii, 12, 148, 155–57, 168, 178–79, 196
Mitford, Diana, 225
modernism, 37, 42, 57, 168–69, 171–72
Monier, Adrienne, 154–55
Monks, Noel, 65
Montesquiou, Robert, Comte de, 26, 28, 30–31, 36, 38
Moorehead, Alan, 143
Morand, Paul, xvii, xxi, 40–42, 46, 48, 169, 184, 225
Morse, Ralph, 132
Mosley, Sir Oswald, 225
Moveable Feast, A (Hemingway), 231
Mussolini, Benito, 59, 221
Nacht und Nebel (German terrorism policy), 103, 110
napalm, 156
Nazi Party (NSDAP), 168
Netherlands, 228, 237
New Yorker, 53
Normandy campaign, 70–74, 77, 79–81, 91, 121, 124–25, 134, 148, 153, 155, 180, 200, 201
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 228–29
Notre Dame Cathedral, 160–62
nuclear weapons, xviii, 196–204, 206, 211, 228
Nuremberg tribunals, 212–13, 230
Oberg, Carl, 100
occupation. See also collaborators; French resistance; German resistance; Germany, Nazi; liberation; Paris; and specific e
vents and individuals
Americans stay in Paris during, 54–56
arts and, 165–69
brothels and, 178
fashion industry and, 178–79
as mass urban terrorism, 5
Normandy invasion foreshadows end of, 77
sensitivity of subject of, in modern France, 3–5
theaters and, 76
Windsors escape from France on eve of, 219
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 106, 107, 129
Oldfield, Barney, 200
Omaha Beach, 71
Otero, Carolina “La Belle,” 36
Parade (ballet), 41
Paris. See also specific events and locations
Adolf Hitler orders burning of, 117–19, 122
Adolf Hitler tours, 16–17
aftermath of liberation in, 175–76
air raids and, 79–80, 112, 162
Allied airmen hidden in, 104–5
Allied conflict, and liberation of, 119–21
art world and Nazi looting of, 106–7, 113–14, 164, 166–73
as artistic center, 32
atomic research and, 201–3
bombing of, by Nazis, 10
Charles de Gaulle’s liberation parade in, 159–61
Dreyfus Affair and, 26–27
exodus from, on eve of occupation, 10, 12–15
food shortages in, 78, 147, 206
journalists race to, on liberation, 124–53
last days of occupation, in 1944, 62
last trains from, at end of occupation, 117
May 1968 uprising in, 229–30
Nazi executions in, 117
Nazi exodus from, pre-liberation, 105, 116–22
Nazi fascination with, 9, 104–5
Nazi invasion and occupation of, 7–10, 15–21
Nazi torture and fear pervading, 110–13
Nazi victory parade in, 16
postwar, 212–13
purges in, post-liberation, 144–45
reprisals in, for shooting of German officers, 170–71
salons and society of 1890s and, 27–38
war between resistance and collaborators in, 83–84
war’s long shadow in, 227
World War I and, 40–48
Paris, Treaty of (1951), 218
Passeur, Steve, 178, 179
Patton, George S., 132, 203
Pelkey, Archie “Red,” 126–27, 129, 132, 140, 147–48, 158, 162
Pétain, Philippe, 60
trial and sentence of, 213
Pfyffer, Hans von, xiii, 109, 196
Pfyffer d’Altishofen, Baron Maximilien von, 109
Philip, Prince Consort of England, 220
Picasso, Pablo, xvi, xvii, 12, 77, 163, 165
Ballets Russes and, 41, 43
exhibitions banned, 106–7
liberation and, 155–57
paintings of, as “degenerate,” 106
paintings of, bought and looted by Germans, 57, 106–7, 167–68, 170–72
Place Vendôme, 17–18, 33, 94
Plunket, Aileen, 224
Polish émigré government, 15
Portugal, 237
Pougy, Liane de, 35
Pourtalès, Mélanie, Countess de, 28, 36–38
Pour une nuit d’amour (film), 92
prostitutes, 176–78, 184
Protazanov, Yakov, 92
Proust, Marcel, xiv, xvii, xix, xxi, 70, 166, 184, 233, 235
Dreyfus Affair and, 27–32, 37–38
gala opening of Ritz and, 24–26, 34–38
novel by, 38, 46
Princess Soutzo and, 40–42, 46–48
salons and, 28–29, 31
World War I and, 47
Pushkin, Aleksandr, 35
“Putting on the Ritz” (song), 69
Ray, Man, 156, 168
Rebattet, Monsieur “Colonel Renard,” 108
Reinach, Joseph, 29, 42
Reinhart, John, 154
“Renard, Colonel.” See Rebattet, Monsieur
Renoir, Pierre-Auguste, 168, 172
Reverdy, Pierre, 168
Reynaud, Paul, 9
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 187, 212
affair with Wallis Simpson and, 56, 221
Ritz, Betty, 70
Ritz, César, xiii, 10, 17, 24, 33–34, 108
Ritz, Charles “Charley,” xiv, 69–70, 139, 230–33, 235, 236
Ritz, Marie-Louise “Mimi”; “Madame Ritz,” xiii, xvi
death of, 232
design and furnishings of Ritz and, 17, 44, 159
eve of occupation and arrival of Germans and, 10–11, 13–14, 16, 18, 82
Hans von Pfyffer and, 109, 196
opening of Ritz and, 24
resistance and, 93
son Charley and, 69–70
Rommel, Erwin, 15, 90
death of, 96–97
plot to kill Hitler and, 96–97, 101
“Room on the Garden Side, A” (Hemingway), 139
Rooney, Andy, 130
Rosenberg, Alexandre, xxi, 164, 166–73
Rosenberg, Paul, 167–70
Russia, 118
St. Malo, battle of, 156
San Francisco Chronicle, 130
Sartre, Jean-Paul, xix, 76–77, 84, 110–11, 145, 149–50
Schellenberg, Walter, 95, 187
Scheuer, Georges, xiv, 141–42
Schiaparelli, Elsa, 156
Schoenebeck Maximiliane von, 185
Schutzstaffel militia (SS), 88, 95, 97–98, 100
Shakespeare and Company, 69, 154
“Shall We All Commit Suicide?” (Churchill), 195
Shaw, Irwin, xviii, 64–65, 67, 130, 152, 210–11, 230–31
Sicherheitsdienst (SD), 97, 99, 100
Soehring, Hans-Jürgen, xv, xx, 77, 80–81, 85–86
Soutzo, Princess Hélène Chrissoveloni, xvii, xxi, 40–43, 46–48, 166, 169, 184, 225
Spanish Civil War, 70, 92, 125, 133–34, 214
Speidel, Hans, xv, 16, 189
arrest of, 196
NATO and, 229
plot to kill Hitler and, 88–90, 94–97, 101
residence in Ritz and, 18, 89–90
Stauffenberg, Prince Claus von, 97, 98, 99
Stein, Gertrude, 168
Stevens, George, 130
Stevenson, “Stevie,” 126–27
stock market crash of 1929, 53–54
Straus, Geneviève, 28, 29, 42, 47
Strickland, Hubert, 133
Stülpnagel, Carl-Heinrich von, xv, 78–79, 182, 189
arrest of, 88, 100–101
execution of, 196
plot to kill Hitler and, 94–100, 116
surrealism, 41–43
Süss, Monsieur, xiv, 107, 109, 113–14, 171
Switzerland, 237
art market and, 106–7, 173
Claude Auzello’s resistance network and, 93
neutrality of, 13–14
ownership of Ritz and, 10, 13–14, 33–34, 105, 109, 196
Taro, Gerda, 134
Tartière, Drue, 78, 155
Tavernier, Jacqueline, 140
Time, 55, 65, 128, 132, 146, 157
Tompkins, Olin L., 123
Torby, Countess of, 35
Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de, 168, 172
Tour d’Argent, 78
Toward a Professional Army (de Gaulle), 7
Troubetzkoy, Princess. See Hutton, Barbara
Truman, Harry S., 212
United Nations, 206
United States
Laura Mae Corrigan funds frozen by, 54
World War I and, 45–46
U.S. 82nd Airborne Division, 200
U.S. Fourth Infantry Division, 121–22, 125, 129
United States Overseas (USO), 199, 209
Updike, John, 184–85
Valkyrie, Operation. See Hitler, Adolf, plot to assassinate
Valland, Rose, 172
Vélodrome d’Hiver, 181–82
Versailles, Treaty of (
1917), 46, 101
Vichy France, xvii, 179, 187
German expenses at Ritz paid by, 18
Jews rounded up by, 171
last days of occupation and, 117
Laura Mae Corrigan and, 59–60
Paul Morand and, 184
taxes and, 146–47
terror operations of, 80
Vichy Ministry of Justice, 82
Vietnam, 228
Vieubois, Émile, 136
Vittel internment camp, 60, 155
V-J Day, 212–13
Vlaminck, Maurice de, 170, 171
Vogue, xvii, 155, 157, 178, 196
Wardenburg, Fred, xviii, 195, 196–99, 201–4
Wardenburg, Martha, 197–98
Wash, Eric, 198
Wehrmacht (German army), 104, 110, 171
Group B, 90, 96
Welsh, Mary (later Mary Hemingway), xviii, 74, 129, 148
affair with Ernest Hemingway, begun in London, 64–65, 67–68
affair with Ernest Hemingway, in Paris, 152, 158–59, 161–62, 196, 198–99, 211
arrives in Paris, 149–50, 157–58, 161–62, 176
death of Ernest Hemingway and, 231
Ernest Hemingway’s race to liberate Ritz and, 124, 132, 135–37
Wendland, Hans, 106, 107, 171
Wertenbaker, Charles, 128, 131, 133–34, 146, 148, 152, 157–58, 180
Westminster, Richard Arthur Grosvenor, Duke of, 188, 189
Westover, John, 129, 132, 146
Wiegand, Hauptmann, 94
Wilde, Oscar, 31, 32, 34, 45
William, Elizabeth, 34
Windsor, Duchess of (formerly Wallis Simpson), xx, 12, 32, 217–25, 217, 231
affair with Jimmy Donahue and, 222–25
affair with Joachim von Ribbentrop and, 56
duke’s plan to regain throne and, 218–22, 225
marries former Edward VIII, 56, 188
Windsor, Duke of (formerly Edward VIII, King of England), xx, 12, 153, 217
abdication of, 219–20
affairs of, 221
marries Simpson, 56, 188
memoirs of, 222
postwar, 231
postwar attempt to regain throne and, 219–25
as Prince of Wales, 32, 218
Woodrum, Henry, xviii, 104, 154, 159–60
World War I, 8, 40–48
World War II, end of, 20–21, 209, 211–13. See also specific events; individuals; and locations
Yalta summit (1945), 206
Zelle, Margaretha (Mata Hari), 43
Zola, Émile, 29–30, 38
About the Author
Tilar J. Mazzeo is the author of numerous works of cultural history and biography, including the New York Times bestselling The Widow Clicquot, The Secret of Chanel No. 5, and nearly two dozen other books, articles, essays, and reviews on wine, travel, and the history of luxury. The Clara C. Piper Associate Professor of English at Colby College, she divides her time between coastal Maine, Paris, and New York City.
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