women in 102
Arzinjan 149
Ashpara 236
Asia Minor 149; map 330
astrologers 95–6, 266, 396–7
Atilmish 102, 311, 341
Avicenna (Ibn Sina) 371
Ayubid dynasty 111
Azerbaijan 15, 159
Babur 125–6, 130–1, 204, 213, 257–8, 260–1, 262n, 408
Babur’s Gardens (Kabul) 257, 258–60, 262n
Bachman 72
Baghdad 2, 113, 312–16, 362
rebuilding of 362
retaking of by Tamerlane and massacre ordered (1401) 92, 96, 314–16
sacking of by Mongols (1258) 15, 110–11, 312
seizure of by Tamerlane (1393) 192, 281
Baghi Dilkusha (Samarkand) 211
Bagrat, King 92, 146–7
Baines, Richard 57
Bakhauddin Nakhshbandi, Khazreti Mohammed 367
Balkh 10, 41, 247
conquest of by Genghis Khan (1220) 14, 45–6n
history 45–6n
Tamerlane defeats Husayn at (1370) 2, 43, 98, 247
today 46n
Balkhi, Maulana Jalaluddin 45n, 46n
Bamiyan 14
Baqi, Professor Abdul 257
Baraka of Andkhoi, Imam Sayid 42, 93, 95, 188–9, 363
Barlas clan 7–8, 23, 29
Barquq, Sultan 192, 281, 289
Battutah, Ibn 9, 46, 67, 75, 109–10, 140–1, 250, 261–2, 312, 313–14
Batu (grandson of Genghis Khan) 14, 71–2, 73, 74, 75
Bayazid I, Sultan 149, 238, 284, 288, 291
army of 327–8
conquests 320
death 336, 357–8
defeats Crusaders at battle of Nicopolis (1396) 321–4
defeated by Tamerlane at battle of Ankara (1402) 1–7, 70, 98, 331–3
preparations for battle against Tamerlane 327–8, 329–31
put into captivity by Tamerlane 333–7
and Tamerlane 284–6, 319, 325–6
Baybars, Sultan 15, 105, 290
Baylaqan 362
Benedict XIII, Pope 320
Bhatnir 263–4
Bibi Khanum 224n
Bihzad 130
Black Death 51–2, 75
Blochet, Edgard 353n
Boniface VIII, Pope 52
Boniface IX, Pope 320
Boriyev, Professor Omonullo 172n
Bridge of Friendship 252
Browne, Edward G.: A Literary History of Persia 84
Brusa 337
Buchan Telfer, John 337
Bukhara 10, 155, 363–76
destruction of by Soviets 372–3
fall of to Tokhtamish 159, 161
Kalon Minaret 364, 365–6
Kalon Mosque 368–9
Mongol conquest of 13
and Tamerlane 370–1
today 364, 368–70, 372–7
al Bukhari, Imam 366–7
Bulgaria 320
Bulgars 72
Bursa 52
Byron, Robert 119–20, 129n, 298
Byzantine empire 52, 320
Cairo 289, 290, 311
Cathedral Mosque (Samarkand) 224–30, 273, 276–7, 379–80
Celestial Mountains (Tien Shan) 22
Central Asia map 26
Chaghatay (Genghis Khan’s son) 13, 14, 64
Chaghatay ulus 22
Chandos, Sir John 51
Charles VI, King of France 6, 319, 340
Chelebi, Isa 345
Chelebi, Prince Sulayman 4–5, 286, 332, 336, 337, 345
Cheng Tsu, Emperor 352
Chin empire 12, 14
China 236, 237, 347–51
civil war 349
Mongol campaign against and rule of 12, 347–9
rebellions against Mongol rule 76, 348–9
Tamerlane starts campaign against 394–400
Tamerlane’s preparations for campaign against 346, 350–7, 380, 392, 396
Christendom 49, 52
Chu Yuan-chang, Emperor 289, 349
Clavijo, Ruy Gonzalez de 31, 103–4, 141, 194–5, 339
portrait of Saray Mulk-khanum 386–9
return to Spain 391–2
on Shakhrisabz 25, 33–4, 35, 37–8
on Sultaniya 136, 137
on Tabriz 144
on Tatars 20–1
travels to Samarkand and stays in 210–12, 213–17, 226–7, 277, 278, 352, 377–9, 380–90
visits Termez 250
Clement VI, Pope 53
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 348
composite bow 100
Constantinople 52, 319, 320, 327
Crécy, battle of (1346) 49
Croatia 73
Crusades/Crusaders 49, 91, 290, 320–1
defeat at battle of Nicopolis (1396) 217, 286, 321–4
Curzon, George 222, 373n
Damascus 93, 297–301
conquest of by Tamerlane and destruction of (1401) 2, 9, 85, 297–301, 306–10, 316
Umayyad Mosque 225, 298, 309, 309–10n
Damurdash (governor of Aleppo) 293–4, 295
Daoud, Khoja Mahmud 225
Daoud, Shaykh 185
Delhi 242
civil war 236–7, 243, 289
conquest of by Tamerlane and massacre in (1398) 2, 3, 93, 96, 224, 267–72
mounting of campaign against by Tamerlane 263–6
Dilshad-agha 44
Dina 82
Djezeri 89
Dost Mohammed, Amir 126, 129
Drake, Sir Francis 58
Dunbar, Sir George 243
Dupree, Nancy Hatch 259
Durrani, Ahmed Shah 126
Edward III, King 49, 50, 51
Edward, Prince of Wales (Black Prince) 48–9, 50, 53
Egypt 289–91; history 289–90
turmoil in after death of Barquq 289, 291
El Khalidi 292
elephants: use of by armies 265–6, 267–8, 294, 327
Elizabeth I, Queen 58
England 50, 58
Erzerum 149
Europe 50–3
Black Death 51–2
fear of Tamerlane 338–9, 345–6
Fadl, Maulana 401
Faraj, Sultan 281–2, 289, 291–2, 294, 299, 300, 311, 341
Fertile Crescent 15
Finney, Albert 55
Firuz Shah, Sultan 243, 273
Flecker, James Elroy 219
Florence 51
Forbes Manz, Beatrice 7n, 67, 204, 205
France 50
Frederick II, Emperor 73
Frescobaldi, Leonardo 290
Fushanj 115
Gawhar Shad, Queen 118, 120n, 128, 407
Genghis Khan 8, 10, 20, 64, 113, 168, 207, 238, 364–5
campaign against China 12, 347
comparisons with Tamerlane 104–7
death 14
military campaigns and conquests 8n, 12–13, 45–6, 106
organisation of army 17
Georgia: Mongol campaign against 13, 15, 59
Tamerlane’s campaigns against 92, 145–8, 360–2, 283–4, 192, 202
Gerasimov, Professor Mikhail 31n
Ghiyas ad-din Pir Ali 113, 114, 115, 117, 122
Ghiyath ad-din Ali 269, 271
Gibbon, Edward 6, 17, 19, 54, 110, 275
Gibbons, Herbert 288n
Giorgi VII of Georgia, King 147, 283, 284, 360, 361
Gok Sarai (Blue Palace) (Samarkand) 209
Golden Horde 14, 15, 27, 72, 74–6, 158n, 159, 192, 280
decline and fragmentation 75–6, 200
land and populations 159; map 160
Tamerlane’s campaign against (1395) 197–200, 202, 204
Grasso, Agnolo di Tura del 52
Great Game 176, 219, 250
Great Schism 53
Greek-fire 101
Greene, Robert 57
Gregory IX, Pope 73
Gur Amir mausoleum (Samarkand) 408–13
Guthrie, Tyrone 55
Hafi
z-i-Abru 122–3, 154, 155
Haji Beg 29–30
Al Hakim 248
Hall, Joseph 57
Hall, Peter 55
Halys river (Kizil Irmak) 328, 328–9n
Hands, Terry 55
Hanifa, Imam Abu 96
Hartog, Leo de 59, 104
Hawkwood, Sir John 51
Hayy, Abdul 214
Heath, Ian 332n
Henry III of Castile, King 6, 21, 211, 212, 339
Henry IV, King 6, 50, 340
Herat 108–10, 112–13
conquest of by Mongols (1221) 14, 125
conquest of by Tamerlane (1381) 2, 114–18, 122, 125, 137
history and disasters suffered by 125–6
Musalla complex and destruction of 118–21, 127
Qala-i-Ikhtiyaruddin 121–2
rebellion against Tamerlane (1383) 117n, 125
taking of treasure by Tamerlane 116–17
and Taliban 126
today 118–19, 121–5, 126–7, 128–9
Hindu Kush mountains (India) 242, 253
Hookham, Hilda 95, 224
houris 162
Houston, Arthur 59
Howorth, Henry: History of the Mongols 71
Hui Ti, Emperor 350
Hulagu (grandson of Genghis Khan) 15, 110–11, 312, 362
Hundred Years’ War 50
Hungary: Mongol conquest of 73
Hunger Steppe 10, 177
Husayn, Amir 39–40, 41–2, 65
alliance with Tamerlane 30
defeated at Balkh (1370) 43, 98, 247
execution 43
rivalry with Tamerlane 40, 41
Husayn Baiqara, Sultan 121
Husayn Mirza, Sultan 130
Husayn Sufi (leader of Khorezm) 68
Husayn, Sultan (Tamerlane’s grandson) 3, 5, 294, 296, 299, 406
al Husayni, Abu Talib 28n
Ibrahim Sultan (Tamerlane’s grandson) 274
Idigu, Prince 254
Ilkhanid dynasty 15, 110, 111, 112, 113
Ilyas Khoja 30, 40, 65
Indian campaign (1398–9) 241–4, 253–6, 262–74
conquest of Delhi 2, 93, 96, 224, 267–72
conquest of Multan 263
defeat of Kafir tribes 254, 256
further conquests after Delhi 273
killing of prisoners 264
map 255
obstacles and dangers faced 242–3, 245, 254, 263
preparations for 237–9
route 244–7
Indus, battle of (1221) 14
International Security Assistance Force 262n
Isfahan 150–2
oconquest of by Tamerlane and massacre in retaliation to rebellion (1387) 2, 92, 150–4
Isfizar: conquest of and cementing alive of prisoners (1383) 92, 132
Islam 23, 90, 91–2, 93–5
Ismailis (Assassins) 110
Italy 51
Jahan, Shah 260
Jahangir (Tamerlane’s son) 38, 68, 144
death 69–70, 358–9
Jalad, Mohammed 225, 226
Jalal ad-din 14, 263
Jalayirid clan 113
Jami, Abdur Rahman 127, 128
Janibeg 75
Janissaries 4, 5
Jats 156, 164
Jawhar-agha 44, 388
Jayhun river 248–9
Jenghizkhan 90
jihad 92, 344
Jochi (son of Genghis Khan) 14, 71
John II, King 49
John of Nevers, Count 321
John, Regent 319, 320, 324
John of Sultaniya, Archbishop 195–6, 319, 340
John XXII, Pope 136
Jonson, Ben 57
Juvayni, Ata-Malik 20, 112
Kabul 2, 254–62
and Babur 257–9
Babur’s Gardens 257, 258–60, 262n
Babur’s tomb 260–1
today 256–7, 259–61, 262n
Kafir tribes 242, 253, 254, 256
Kahajani, Masaud 102
Kamakh 286, 325
Kandahar: conquest of by Tamerlane (1384) 133, 137
Kani-gil festival (1404) 380–91
Kanishka, King 249
Karakorum 12, 73
Karimov, President Islam 169–70, 172n
Kart dynasty 113
al Kashani, Abdul Qasim 136
Kashmir 273
Kaufmann, General von 176
Kay-Khusrau Khuttalani 43, 68n
Kebek Khan 24
Kesh see Shakhrisabz
Khaldun, Ibn 89, 301–6, 309, 342
Khalil Sultan, Prince (Tamerlane’s grandson) 3, 212, 268, 362, 406
and Chinese campaign 396
marriage 398
poisoning of 307
seizes power after grandfather’s death 406–7
Khan-zada 68–9, 69, 277, 359, 384
Khiva 10
Khizr Khan 272
Khizr Khoja 65, 66, 164, 180, 236, 254, 289
Khoja Abdullah Ansari 129
Khorasan 15, 108–9, 164, 418; see also Herat
Khorezm 64, 66, 67–8, 76, 77, 159, 162
conquests of by Tamerlane 68–9, 78–80
rebellion by Yusif Sufi 77
today 80–1
see also Urganch
Khudad, Maulana 127, 129–30
Khusrau, Amir 21–2
Khwandamir 265, 268
Kipchaks 72, 159, 190–1, 192
Knights Hospitallers 7n, 343, 344
Kok Gumbaz Mosque (Shakhrisabz) 36, 37–8
Koran 174–5: Othman 174–6, 229
Kosovo, battle of (1389) 52, 320
Krist, Gustav 374
Kubilay 15, 347–8
Kunduzcha, battle of (1391) 188–91
Kushan dynasty 249
Kussam ibn Abbas 230–1, 234
Kutluk-oghlan, Prince 254
Kyd, Thomas 57
Lahore 273
Lamb, Harold 144, 185, 207
lapis lazuli 390
Lazarovic of Serbia 4
Lazarus, King of Serbia 52
Lewis, Bernard 53
Lewis, C.S. 54
longbow 100n, 101n
Lurs 143
Maclean, Fitzroy 250–1, 251n
Mahmud, Sultan 91, 187, 262, 267, 294, 359
Makhmudov, Mamadali 172–3n
Malcolm, Sir John 106
Malik, Shah 402, 406
Mallu Khan 264, 267, 268
Mamay 76
Mamluk dynasty 15, 289–90, 290n
Manuel II, Emperor 319, 320, 341, 345
Manzandaran 131
Marco Polo 140, 348
Marlowe, Christopher 48, 333
description of Samarkand 208–9
Tamburlaine the Great 48, 54–63, 208, 310n, 333–5
Mas’ud, Sa’d ad-din 88
Maulana Mohammed of Quhistan 282
Maulavi Said 128
Mawarannahr 9–10, 11, 12, 14, 23
assassination of Amir Qazaghan and collapse of central control 25, 29
attacks on by Tokhtamish 155–6, 158, 161, 162–3, 179, 199
ending of power of Chaghatay khans by nomadic warlords 24
invasion of by Moghul khan (Tughluk Temur) (1360) 29–30
overthrow of Chaghatay khan by Amir Qazaghan 24–5
prosperity under Kebek Khan 23–4
strains between sedentary and nomadic populations 24
tensions within Chaghatay ulus 22, 23
Mazandaran 93, 131, 192
Mecca 91
Meerut 273
Merv 14
Metsobets’i, T’ovma 147
Ming dynasty 349
Miranshah, Prince (Tamerlane’s son) 3, 68, 89, 117n, 125, 184, 187, 205–6, 294, 378, 411
debauchery of and plotting to seize Tamerlane’s throne 277–9
deposition of by Tamerlane 282
lack of military talent 279–80
Mire, battle of the (1365) 39–40, 41
Moghuli
stan 23, 64, 65, 164
Moghuls 23, 164
Tamerlane’s campaigns against 64, 65, 66
Mohammed, Ali ibn 89
Mohammed I, Sultan 9
Mohammed Sultan, Prince (Tamerlane’s grandson) 3, 5, 70, 144, 162, 184, 186, 187, 196, 236, 238–9, 280, 311, 337, 356, 358–60, 411
Mongols 8n, 16–20, 110, 290
army of and military techniques 17, 19
Chinese campaign and conquest 12, 347–9
conquests of 8, 12–15, 71–3, 74, 110–12, 312
contribution to culture 20
crushing of the Ismailis 110
defeat by Mamluks at battle of Ain Jalut 15, 111, 290
disputes within army 73
ending of conquests 15
infighting and conflict between khanates of Genghis’s successors 15, 22–3, 24
masters of the art of war 74
parallels with Tatars 20–1
rebellions against in China and expulsion from 75, 348–9
and religion 19–20
and yasa 20
see also Genghis Khan
Mönke, Great Khan 15, 110, 111
Morgan, David 112
Moscow 198
Mubarak 22–3, 24
Mughal dynasty 204
Mukaddasi 67
Mulfuzast (Memoirs) 28–9n
Mulk-khanum, Queen Saray 43–4, 64, 91, 148, 225, 274, 287, 337, 342, 384, 387–8, 398
Multan 239, 263
Muminov, Ibrahim 172n
Muynak 81–3
Muzaffarid princes 113, 192
Nadir Shah, King 261, 411
Nanda, Ratish 262n
Naples 51
Naqshbandi order 93
Nasir ud-din Mohammed Tughluk 237
New Saray 75
Nicaea 52
Nicopolis 340; battle of (1396) 4, 217, 286, 321–2
Nishapur 14
Nishapuri, Lutfallah 89
Nizam ad-din, Shami 88
nomadism 16, 17
Nur ad-din, Shaykh 196, 233, 254, 315, 402, 406
Ogedey, Great Khan 13, 14, 72, 73, 74, 111, 347
Oljeytu Khudabanda, Mohammed 133, 135, 137, 278
Omar Shaykh, Prince (Tamerlane’s son) 68n, 155, 161, 162, 183, 187, 190, 203, 205
onbashi 99
Orda 71
Othman Koran 174–6, 229
Otrar (Kazakhstan) 13, 400
Ottoman Empire 52
see also Bayazid I, Sultan
Oxus 252, 253, 274
papacy 53
Peasants Revolt (1381) (England) 50
Peking 12, 347, 350, 354–5, 395
Perondini, Pietro: Life of Temur 60
Persia 15, 111–13, 134, 191–2, 202
Mongol rule 111–12
Tamerlane’s campaigns against 131, 137, 143, 149
Pir Mohammed (grandson of Tamerlane, son of Jahangir) 70, 162, 203, 205, 239, 263, 268, 362, 386, 406
Tamerlane Page 45
