Rubin, J., ‘The Debate on Twelfth-Century Frankish Feudalism: Additional Evidence from William of Tyre's Chronicon’, Crusades, 8 (2009), 53–62.
Runciman, S., A History of the Crusades, 3 vols, Cambridge, 1951–4.
—, ‘The Visit of King Amalric I to Constantinople in 1171’, in Outremer: Studies in the History of the Crusading Kingdom of Jerusalem Presented to Joshua Prawer, ed. B.Z. Kedar, H.E. Mayer and R.C. Smail, Jerusalem, 1982, pp. 153–8.
Russell, F.H., The Just War in the Middle Ages, Cambridge, 1975.
Russell, J.C., Medieval Regions and their Cities, Newton Abbot, 1972.
Saadé, G., ‘Histoire du château de Saladin’, Studi Medievali, 9 (1968), 980–1016.
Schein, S., ‘Women in Medieval Colonial Society: The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the Twelfth Century’, in Gendering the Crusades, ed. S. Edgington and S. Lambert, Cardiff, 2001, pp. 140–53.
—, Gateway to the Heavenly City: Crusader Jerusalem and the Catholic West (1099–1187), Aldershot, 2005.
Schenk, J., ‘Nomadic Violence in the First Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Military Orders’, Reading Medieval Studies, 36 (2010), 39–55.
Schick, C., ‘The Muristan, or the Site of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem’, Palestine Exploration Fund: Quarterly Statement (1902), 42–56.
Schlumberger, G., Numismatique de l'Orient latin, Paris, 1878.
Sidelko, P.L., ‘Muslim Taxation under Crusader Rule’, in Tolerance and Intolerance: Social Conflict in the Age of the Crusades, ed. M. Gervers and J.M. Powell, Syracuse, NY, 2001, pp. 65–74, 156–60.
Smail, R.C., Crusading Warfare, 1097–1193, Cambridge, 1956.
—, ‘The Predicaments of Guy of Lusignan, 1183–87’, in Outremer: Studies in the History of the Crusading Kingdom of Jerusalem Presented to Joshua Prawer, ed. B.Z. Kedar, H.E. Mayer and R.C. Smail, Jerusalem, 1982, pp. 159–76.
Stevenson, W.B., The Crusaders in the East, Cambridge, 1907.
Strayer, J., ‘The Laicization of French and English Society in the Thirteenth Century’, in Change in Medieval Society: Europe North of the Alps, 1050–1500, ed. S. Thrupp, New York, 1964 (originally 1940), pp. 103–15.
Tanner, H., ‘In his Brothers’ Shadow: The Crusading Career and Reputation of Count Eustace III of Boulogne’, in The Crusades: Other Experiences, Alternate Perspectives, ed. K.I. Semaan, Binghampton, NY, 2003, pp. 83–99.
Taylor, W.R., ‘A New Syriac Fragment Dealing with Incidents in the Second Crusade’, The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 11 (1929–30), 120–30.
Tessera, M.R., ‘Philip Count of Flanders and Hildegard of Bingen: Crusading against the Saracens or Crusading against Deadly Sin?’, in Gendering the Crusades, ed. S.B. Edgington and S. Lambert, Cardiff, 2001, pp. 77–93.
Tibble, S., Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099–1291, Oxford, 1989.
Tyerman, C.J., England and the Crusades, 1095–1588, Chicago, 1988.
—, God's War: A New History of the Crusades, London, 2006.
van Lint, T.M., ‘Seeking Meaning in Catastrophe. Nerss norhali's Lament on Edessa’, in East and West in the Crusader States: Context – Contacts – Confrontations, II, Acta of the Congress Held at Hernen Castle in May 1997, ed. K. Ciggaar and H. Teule, Louvain, 1999, pp. 29–47.
van Werveke, H., ‘La contribution de la Flandre et du Hainaut à la Troisième Croisade’, Le Moyen Age, 78 (1972), 55–90.
Wagner, T.G., and P.D. Mitchell, ‘The Illnesses of King Richard and King Philippe on the Third Crusade: An understanding of arnaldia and leonardie’, Crusades, 10 (2011), 23–44.
Wagstaff, J.M., The Evolution of Middle Eastern Landscapes: An Outline to A.D. 1840, London, 1985.
Warren, W.L., Henry II, London, 1973.
Yewdale, R.B., Bohemond I, Prince of Antioch, 1924.
Index
al-Abbas, vizier of Egypt (1153–4) (i)
Abbasids (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
‘Abd al-Malik, Umaiyad caliph (685–705) (i)
‘Abd al-Qadir al-Halabi, military commander under Saladin (i)
Abdullah, Assassin envoy (d. 1173) (i)
Abrash, river (i)
Absalom, bishop of Ascalon (1153) (i)
Abu Ghosh, Hospitaller church (i), (ii), (iii)n145
Abu'l-Mahsin Yusuf, qadi (i)
Abu Shama, thirteenth-century anthologist (d. 1267) (i), (ii)
Abu Sulayman Dawud, physician (d. after 1185) (i)
Achard, lord of Montmerle (i)
Achard, prior of the Temple of the Lord (c.1112–c.1137) (i)
Acre (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii)n3, (xlviii)n134, (xlix)n70, (l)n77, (li)n24
capture (1187) (i)
church of the Holy Cross (i)
council (1184) (i), (ii)n112
High Court (1184) (i)
siege (1101) (i)
siege and capture (1104) (i), (ii)
siege and capture (1189–91) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)n84, (ix)n133
Tower of the Flies (i), (ii)
Adam, archdeacon of Tyre, bishop of Banyas (1140–60) (i)
Adana (i), (ii)
Addo, Baldwin I's cook (i)
Adela, countess of Blois (d. 1137) (i), (ii)
Adelaide del Vasto, regent of Sicily (1101–13), queen of Jerusalem (1113–17) (d. 1118) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Adelard of Bath (d. c.1150) (i), (ii)n39
Adhémar of Monteil, bishop of Le Puy (1079/80–98) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)n34, (x)n39
al-Adid, Fatimid caliph (1160–71) (i), (ii), (iii)n140
al-Adil Saif al-Din, Aiyubid ruler of Egypt and Syria (1199–1218) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Adrianople (i)
al-Afdal ‘Ali, Saladin's son (d. 1225) (i), (ii), (iii)
al-Afdal Shahanshah, vizier of Egypt (1094–1121) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Afrin, river (i)
Agnes of Courtenay, lady of Ramla, countess of Jaffa (d. c.1186) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)nn7, 14, (xii)n13, (xiii)n20, (xiv)n71
Agnes of Milly, daughter of Henry the Buffalo (i)
Ahmad ibn Hanbul, Islamic theologian and jurist (d. 855) (i)
Ahmad ibn Qudama, Hanbali leader (d. 1210) (i)
Ailah (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Aimery, canon of the Holy Sepulchre (i)
Aimery of Limoges, patriarch of Antioch (1140–93) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)n20, (xiv)n14
Aimery of Lusignan, constable of Jerusalem (1180–92), king of Jerusalem (1197–1205) (i), (ii), (iii)
Ain Mousa, castle (i)
Aintab (i), (ii)
‘Akkar plain (i)
‘Alam al-Din, lord of ‘Azaz (i)
Alamut (i), (ii)
Alan, lord of Atharib (1119, 1123–9) (i)
Albara (i), (ii)
Alberic, cardinal-bishop of Ostia (1138–48), papal legate (i), (ii)
Albert, abbot of St Evrard, bishop of Tripoli (c.1103–10) (i)
Albert, bishop of Bethlehem (1177–81) (i)
Albert, canon of St Mary at Aachen, chronicler (d. 1158) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi)n103
Aleppo (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl)n35, (xli)n6, (xlii)n28
Alexander, cou
nt of Gravina (i), (ii), (iii)
Alexander III, pope (1159–81) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n81
Alexander the Great (d. 323 BC) (i), (ii), (iii)
Alexandretta (i)
Alexandria (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)n77, (ix)n142
Pharos (i)
Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor (1081–1118) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)n24, (xii)n103
Alexius II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor (1180–3) (i)
Alfonso-Jordan, count of Toulouse (1112–48) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Alice of France (d. 1220) (i)
Alice of Jerusalem, princess of Antioch (d. after 1136) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)n114, (x)n10
Almeria (i)
‘Alwa, Nubian kingdom (i)
Amalfi (i), (ii)
Amalric, king of Jerusalem (1163–74) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv)n46, (xv)n115, (xvi)nn9, 19, (xvii)nn76, 77, (xviii)n146, (xix)nn155, 6, 8, 13, 16
Assassins (i)
assise sur la ligece (i)
curia (1170) (i)
Egypt (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)n48, (xi)n129
Hospitallers (i), (ii)
relations with the Byzantines (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n115, (vi)nn143, 144
succession (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n14
Templars (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n148
Amalric of Nesle, patriarch of Jerusalem (1157–80) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Amanus mountains (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Ambroise, Norman chronicler (d. after 1207) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)n5, (xi)nn123, 128, 144, (xii)nn155, 163, 169, (xiii)nn171, 188
Amman, castle (i), (ii), (iii)
Anacletus II, antipope (1130–8) (i)n88
Anarzarba (i)
Anatolia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Ancona (i)
Andrew of Brienne (d. 1189) (i), (ii)
Andrew of Montbard, seneschal, (c.1148–54), then master of the Temple (1154–6) (i), (ii), (iii)
Andronicus Comnenus, Byzantine emperor (1182–5) (i), (ii), (iii)n1
Andronicus Contostephanus, Byzantine military commander (i), (ii), (iii)n115
Anjou (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n170, (vi)n173
Anna, St, mother of the Virgin Mary (i)
Anna Comnena, daughter of Alexius I (d. 1153/4) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n24, (vi)nn88, 101
Ansariyah see Nosairi
‘Ansbert’, chronicler (i)
Anselm of Bec, St, archbishop of Canterbury (1093–1109) (i), (ii)
Anterius, bishop of Valania (1163–93) (i), (ii)
Antioch
battle (1098) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n61
cathedral of St Peter (i), (ii), (iii)
church of St George (i)
church of St John (i)
citadel (i)
city (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l), (li), (lii), (liii), (liv), (lv), (lvi)n74, (lvii)n67
council (1140) (i)
Greek patriarchate (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)
Iron Gate (i)
Jacobite patriarchate (i)
Latin patriarchate (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)n152
Mount Silpius (i)
principality (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv)n28, (xlvi)nn35, 41, (xlvii)n31, (xlviii)n167
siege and capture (1097–8) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv)n64
siege (1137) (i)
Anti-Taurus mountains (i), (ii), (iii)
Apamea (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Apulia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)
Aq Sunqur, governor of Aleppo (1087–92) (i)
al-'Aqaba see Ailah
Aqua Bella, Hospitaller infirmary (i), plate 10
Aqsungur al-Bursuqi see al-Bursuqi
Arabia, Arabs (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)n105
al-'Arimah, castle (i), (ii)
al-Arish (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Arles (i)
Armengarde of Aspe, master of the Hospital (1188–90) (i), (ii)n165
Armenia, Armenians (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx)n69, (xxxi)n30, (xxxii)n68, (xxxiii)n 47, (xxxiv)n163
armour (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n103, (vi)n150
Arnau of Torroja, master of the Temple (1181–4) (i), (ii)
patriarch of Jerusalem (1112–18) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx)n96, (xxi)nn41, 42, (xxii)n31, (xxiii)n62, (xxiv)n39, (xxv)n14
Arnulf, bishop of Martirano (d. 1099) (i), (ii)n95
Arnulf of Chocques, patriarch-elect of Jerusalem (1099), archdeacon of Jerusalem (1102–12)
Arnulf of Turbessel (i)
Arpin, viscount of Bourges, prior of La Charité-sur-Loire (d. before 1130) (i), (ii)n27, (iii)n30
Arqa (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Arsuf (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n8
battle (1191) (i), (ii)
forest (i)
siege (1099) 52–3, 57–8, siege and capture (1101) 67–9, (i)
Artah (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
battle (1164) (i), (ii)
Artuq, governor of Jerusalem (d. 1091) (i)
Arzghan (i)
Ascalon (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix)n8
battle (1099) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)n2
church of St Paul (i)
siege and capture (1153) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n115
(1187) (i)
‘Ashtara (i)
Asia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n108, (v)n76
Asia Minor (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv)n50
Assassins (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)n94, (xi)n180
assises (i), (ii), (iii)nn23, 26
Assises de Jerusalem, fourteenth-century law book (i)
assise sur la ligece (i), (ii)n30
Aswan (i), (ii)
Atfih (i), (ii)
Athanasius I Manasses, Orthodox patriarch of Antioch (1157–70) (i), (ii)
al-Atharib (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)n33
‘Atlit (Pilgrims’ Castle), Templar castle (i), (ii)n45
Attalia (i), (ii)
Attard, archbishop of Nazareth see Lethard I
Audita tremendi, papal encyclical (1187) (i)
Augustine, St (d. 430) (i)
Augustinians (i), (ii)
Augustus, Roman emperor (27 BC–AD 14) (i)
Aydhab (i)
‘Azaz (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
‘Azib, pass (i)
Baalbek (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
‘Babyn’, battle (1167) (i)
Baghdad (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (
v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
Baghras, Templar castle (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad, qadi of the army under Saladin, chronicler (d. 1234) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv)n111, (xxvi)n141, (xxvii)nn150, 169
al-Bahnasa (i)
Bahram, Assassin leader in Syria (d. 1128) (i)
Baisan (i), (ii), (iii)
Bait al-Ahzan see Jacob's Ford
Bait Jibrin (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
Bait Nuba (i)
Balak ibn Bahram, Nur al-Daulak, Artuqid ruler of Saruj, Mardin and Aleppo (d. 1124) (i), (ii), (iii)
Balat (i), (ii), (iii)
Baldric, abbot of Saint-Pierre-de-Bourgueil, archbishop of Dol (1107–30) (i), (ii)n5
Balduk, emir of Samosata (d. 1098) (i), (ii)n61
Baldwin, castellan of Hebron (i)
Baldwin, lord of Ibelin-Ramla (d. c.1188) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)
Baldwin, lord of Marash (c.1136–46) (i), (ii)n 43, 44
Baldwin, lord of Ramla (d. 1138) (i)
Baldwin I, archbishop of Caesarea (1101–8) (i), (ii)n72
Baldwin I (of Boulogne), count of Edessa (1098–1100), king of Jerusalem (1100–18) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)n3, (xii)n74, (xiii)n55
Adelaide of Sicily (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n93
Daibert of Pisa (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
death and burial (i)
Edessa (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n52, (viii)nn61, 67
Egypt (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)n108
Jerusalem (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx)n27, (xxi)n18, (xxii)n129, (xxiii)n150, (xxiv)n30, (xxv)n80, (xxvi)n110
Tancred of Hauteville (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
Baldwin II, chancellor of the patriarch of Jerusalem, archbishop of Caesarea (c.1144–56) (i)n133
Baldwin II (of Bourcq), count of Edessa (1100–18), king of Jerusalem (1118–31), regent of Antioch (1119–26, 1130–1) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)
Antioch (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
Edessa (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)n130
Jerusalem (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi)nn125, 133, (xvii)n59, (xviii)n65, (xix)n115, (xx)n137, (xxi)n170, (xxii)nn29, 35
The Crusader States Page 71
