by Howard Zinn
Jones, Annette, 136
Jones, Charles
at Rock Hill, 38
in charge of voter registration work, 59
works full time for SNCC, 60
in Albany, 126, 127, 130, 133, 134
in Terrell County, 139
Jones, Willie Mae, 130
Joyce, James, 248
Justice, 225–226
Katzenbach, Nicholas, 198, 244
and Selma violence, 265
Kaufmann, Walter, 2
Kennedy, John F., 36, 191
calls Gov. Patterson, 46
statement on Alabama violence, 49–50
protection requested from, 90, 175
sends troops to Oxford, 199
appointment of judges by, 203–204
early delay on civil rights, 205–206
Kennedy, Robert F., 59, 191, 243–244
assured Alabama would protect Freedom Riders, 46–47
action on Freedom Ride violence, 49
calls for “cooling-off period”, 52
protection requested from, 90, 104
defense of judicial appointments, 205
and authority to protect civil rights workers, 208
Kennedy Administration
and civil rights, 190–191, 208
Keyserling, Leon, 228
King, C. B., 29, 135, 193, 211
runs for Congress, 136
King, Ed, 34, 60
King, Edwin
runs for Lieutenant-Governor, 99, 250
and Freedom Democratic Party, 252, 254
King, Lonnie
at Atlanta sit-in, 25
asks for federal protection, 44
King, Martin Luther Jr., 1, 29, 33, 34, 53, 249
organizes SCLC, 32
speaks in Montgomery, 50
in Albany, 130–131, 134
on need for Executive action, 210
criticism of economic system, 229–230
and Freedom Democratic Party, 253, 255
in Selma, 263–264
King, Slater, 29
vice-president of Albany Movement, 128
in Albany, 130, 134, 136
charged by U.S. government, 211
King, Mrs. Slater, 135, 193, 211
Kinoy, Arthur, 272
Knoxville, Tenn., 23
Ku Klux Klan, 25, 49
Kunstler, William M., 212, 246, 272
Ladner, Dorie, 268
Lafayette, Bernard
in Jackson, 79
in Selma, 147, 149
Lafayette, Colia, 149
Lamer, Jeremy, 31
Laurel, Miss., 81, 82
Laursen, Per, 129, 133–134
Lawson, James, 33, 34
and Nashville sit-ins, 21–22
on Freedom ride, 51
Lawyer’s Committee on Civil Rights, 117
Lee, Bernard, 129
Lee, Herbert, 72–73, 74, 75, 170, 192
LeFlore, Greenwood, 90
Leflore County, Miss.
described, 83–84
stops distributing surplus food, 86
voter registration drive in, 90
LePrad, Paul, 21
Levinson, Stanley, 32
Lewis, Ike, 76
Lewis, John, 5, 11
harshness of, 8
and Nashville sit-ins, 19
and Freedom ride, 42, 45, 48
in Hattiesburg, 104, 105, 110
in Selma, 149, 150, 265
Washington speech, 190, 208, 211, 212, 215, 217
and violence, 222
elected chairman of SNCC, 268
Liberty, Miss., 11, 67
Liberty Party, 262
Lingo, Al, 160, 178, 179, 263–265
Little Rock, Ark., 18, 199
Lockett, Winston, 175, 178, 179
Locofocos, 262
Long, Worth, 149
Looby, Z. Alexander, 22–23
Lowell, James Russell, 8
Lowenstein, Al, 99
Lucy, Autherine, 169
Lunney, Robert, 117, 118, 119
Lynd, Staughton, 229, 247
describes Negro colleges, 235–236
Lynd, Theron, 105, 111–112
Lyon, Danny, 162
McCollum, Salynn, 127
McComb, Miss., 58, 75, 170
Freedom school in, 250
McCormick, John, 258–259
McDew, Charles, 13, 19, 76
reaction to Greensboro sit-in, 18
in McComb, 74, 75, 170, 171
in Magnolia, 76
arrest in Baton Rouge, 172–174
marriage to white girl, 185
McGhee, Silas, 268
McGill, Ralph
on sit-ins, 27–28
McKinnie, Lester, 79, 81
MacNamara, Norris, 107
Madison, James, 219
Mahoney. Bill, 55, 56
describes Parchman penitentiary, 56–57
Malcolm X, 213, 222
Manchester Guardian
on SNCC and Communists, 227
Marion, Ala., 264
Marshall, Burke, 58, 197, 199, 244
Mass communication
and civil rights movement, 7–8
Matthews, Zeke, 131
attitude to Negroes, 138
on voter registration, 139
May, Samuel, 8
Medical Committee for Human Rights, 246
Meharry Medical School, 23
Memphis, Tenn., 23, 213, 238
Miller, Dotty, 177
Mississippi
as area of activity, 11
conditions of Negroes in, 64
registration law in, 66
Mississippi Food Drive. See Food Drive, Mississippi
Mississippi Free Press, 79
Mississippi Summer Project, 1964, 242, 244
Mitchell, Danny, 225
Monley, Father, 81–82
Montgomery, Ala., 26
bus boycott in, 1, 18
Freedom rides, 47–49
Montgomery Advertiser
statement by Auburn University students in, 53
its reporter attacked in Selma, 163
Moore, Amzie, 64, 66, 79
Moore, William L., 174–175
Moses, Donna Richards
in Hattiesburg, 103, 104, 107
Moses, Gregory, 63
Moses, Robert Parris, 11, 18, 66, 102, 142, 186, 251, 272
background of, 5, 62–63
harshness of, 8
effect of Greensboro sit-in on, 17
describes SNCC office, 35
sets up voter registration schools at McComb, 58, 59–60
describes voter registration in Liberty, 67
in McComb, 67–68, 170, 171
files charges against Caston, 69
on Britt and Hardy incidents, 71–72
on murder of Herbert Lee, 72, 73
and march in McComb, 75
in Magnolia, 76
on voter registration campaigns, 77, 78
in Jackson, Miss., 79, 81
on Sam Block, 84
and Mississippi food drive, 87, 88–89
in Greenville, 89
in Greenwood, 91–92
in Itta Bena, 97, 98
directs Henry-King campaign, 99
in Hattiesburg, 103, 104, 111, 112, 117–121
asks Robert Kennedy for protection in Hattiesburg, 104
on whites in Movement, 188–189
directs Mississippi summer program, 215
on SNCC and political associations, 226–227
urges Convention sit-in, 254
speaks at National Guardian dinner, 270
Moses v. Kennedy, 203
Mount Olive Church, 139
Nash, Diane. See Bevel, Diane Nash
Nashville, Tenn., 2, 213, 238 sit-ins, 16, 19–21
Nashville Banner, 22
Natchez, Miss., 245
The Nation, 210
National Association for the Advancement of Colo
red People (NAACP), 32, 37, 81, 215
effects of sit-ins on, 29
and forming of COFO, 79
and Albany Movement, 127, 128
estrangement from COFO, 263
Legal Defense Fund, 272
National Council of Churches, 96, 104, 263
and Mississippi summer project, 244
National Democratic Convention, 1960
Barry appears before Platform Committee, 36
National Guardian, 270
National Lawyers Guild, 272–273
National States Rights Party, 49
National Student Association, 34, 37
Neblett, Carver
in Terrell County, 140–141
in Selma, 163
on march to Jackson, 175
New Leader, 31
New South, 51–52
New York Times, 52
Nonviolence
and lack of federal protection, 212–213
SNCC’s view of, 220–224
Nonviolent Action Group, 56
Norris, Mildred W., 118
Notre Dame Conference
conclusions on voting rights, 209–210
Novak, Robert, 269
Oak Ridge, Tenn., 23
O’Boyle, Archbishop
objects to Lewis’ speech, 190
O’Neal, John, 103
Orangeburg, S.C.
CORE classes in, 23–24
sit-in, 24
Ouillet, Father Maurice, 150, 165
Oxford, Miss., 199
Oxford, Ohio, 244
Parchman State Penitentiary
Freedom Riders in, 40
conditions in, 54–55
Patch, Penny, 138
in Terrell County, 139
on Southwest Georgia, 144–145
Patterson, Eugene, 53
Patterson, John, 46–47, 49, 53
Pauling, Linus, 230
Peacock, Willie, 5, 176
in Greenwood, 83, 85, 86, 91
Peck, James, 41, 42, 43
Pegues, O. C., 82
Pemberton, John, 197, 199
Perdew, John, 183
Perkins, Mother, 98
Person, Charles, 43
Phillips, Rubel, 98
Phillips, Wendell, 3, 8, 9, 237, 255
Piel, Gerard, 230
Pike County, Miss.
“Nonviolent High” opened, 76
Pine Bluff, Ark., 11
Polier, Shad, 212
Ponder, Annelle, 94, 95, 105
Populists, 262
Potter, Paul, 77
Poverty
and the civil rights movement, 228–231, 239
Pratt, John, 105, 117, 118
Prescod, Martha, 87
Pritchett, Laurie, 128–130, 131, 136, 141
Private property, 230
Progressives, 262
Quarterman, Ola Mae, 133
Rabinowitz, Joni, 212
Race Relations and American Law, 202
Raines, James Griggs, 138
Raleigh Conference, 33, 220
Randolph, A. Philip, 1
Rauh, Joseph L., 251–253, 272
Reagan, Cordell, 14
in Albany, 123, 127, 132, 134
described, 124
in Terrell County, 139
Reconstruction in Mississippi, 64
Redding, Saunders, 236
Reeb, James
murder of, 265
reactions to death of, 266–267
Reunion and Reaction, 65n, 198
Reuther, Walter, 254
Richards, Donna. See Moses, Donna Richards
Richardson, Gloria, 8
Richmond, David, 16
Richmond, Va., 27, 213
Richmond News Leader, 22, 26
Ritter, Norman, 47
Robinson, Harold, 76
Robinson, Reggie, 58, 66
Rock Hill, S.C., 2, 38, 42
Rogers, Willie, 96–97
Rollins, Avon, 180
Roosevelt, James, 259
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 219
Ruleville, Miss., 13, 82
Rustin, Bayard
organizes SCLC, 32
Freedom Rider in 1947, 41
Moses talks with, 63
on poverty, 229
and Freedom Democratic Party, 255
Ryan, William Fitts, 258–259
Samstein, Mendy, 5, 107, 108
Sasser, Ga., 11
Schwemer, Michael, 243, 265
Screws case, 194
Searles, A. C., 130
Sellars, Cleveland
elected Program Chairman of SNCC, 268
Selma, Ala., 2, 11, 12
description of, 147–148
events of Feb.-March, 1965, 263–266
Selma-Montgomery march, 266–267
Shaw University, 33
Sherrod, Charles, 144, 184
background of, 5
in Georgia, 11
at Rock Hill, 38, 39
works full time for SNCC, 60
described, 123
in Albany, 123, 126–127, 133
describes conditions in Albany, 125–126
on Terrell County jail, 131
on effects of Albany demonstrations, 133
on social change in Albany, 136
and registration in Terrell County, 139
speech in Terrell, 139–140
on Southwest Georgia, 145–146
wanted whites in Movement, 181
on Communists in SNCC, 227
on poverty, 274
Shirah, Sam, 10, 182, 239
on march to Jackson, 175
wires Gov. Wallace, 179
advice to whites in Movement, 185
Shuttlesworth, Charles, 43, 53
Siegenthaler, John, 46, 48
Singer, Felix, 56
Singing
and civil rights movement, 4
Sit-ins
effects of, 26–28. See also names of cities.
Sitton, Claude, 179, 180, 207
Smelley, Joe, 160, 163
Smith, Ben, 272
Smith, Frank, 228
in Holly Springs, 81–82
in Greenwood, 91
Smith, Rev. R. L., 79
Smith, Ruby Doris, 90
reaction to Greensboro sit-in, 17–18
at Rock Hill, 38
on violence in Anniston and Birmingham, 44
on Freedom Ride, 45–46
on arrival in Montgomery, 47, 48
on jail conditions, 54, 55
The South and the Southerner, 27–28
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 37, 81, 91, 104, 105, 186, 215, 245, 263
and sit-ins, 29
and Ella Baker, 32
provides money to SNCC, 33
turns down cooling-off period, 53
and forming of COFO, 79–80
Southern Conference Educational Fund, 37, 271
The Southern Patriot, 169
Southern Regional Council
report on Freedom Rides, 43–44
administers Foundation money, 81
and judicial appointments, 203–204
Southern Students Organizing Committee, 269
Southerners, White
and the law, 210–211
in SNCC, 239–240
Stembridge, Jane, 38, 239
on human relationships, 7
first office secretary, 10, 35
describes Raleigh meeting, 33
on “coordinating”, 36
on Atlanta sit-in, 39
returns to school, 60
works with Moses, 63
Steptoe, E. W., 68
Stewart, Lamar, 133
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
budget, 10
organization of, 11, 34–35
purposes, 34
credo on nonviolence, 220–221
work-study programs, 234
reorganization of, 1965, 267–268
> SNCC staff
numbers, 3
background of, 9–10
salaries of, 10–11, 13
living conditions of, 12
threat of violence to, 12
The Student Voice, 35
Students for a Democratic Society, 129
Sullivan, L. B., 48
Sullivan, Terry, 56
Supreme Court. See U.S. Supreme Court.
Surney, Lafayette, 5, 113, 268
Taconic Foundation, 58, 81
Taitt, Lenore, 129
Talbert, Robert, 76
Tappan, Lewis, 9
Taylor, Ben, 87
Taylor, Lana, 39
Terrell County, Ga.
conditions in, 138
Thomas, Henry, 45
Thomas, Norman, 230
Touré, Sekou, 269–270
Travis, Brenda, 69, 72, 74–75, 170
Travis, James
shot near Greenwood, 89–90
in Washington, 243
The Triple Revolution, 230–231
Truman, Harry, 37
Trumpauer, Joan, 56
Truth, Sojourner, 3
Turner, Bessie, 80
Turnbow, Hartman, 92
Tyson, Sheriff, 57
United States
identity crisis, 6
political structure, 218–220
U.S. Code
Section 241, Title 18, 195
Section 242, Title 18, 194–195, 199
Section 332, Title 10, 244
Section 333, Title 10, 199–200, 244, 266
Section 3052, Title 18, 195
U.S. Congress, 218–219
House Rules Committee, 219
House Un-American Activities Committee, 56, 227
U.S. Constitution
First Amendment, 192, 224
Fourteenth Amendment, 65, 192, 198, 205
U.S. Department of Justice, 59, 71, 92, 162, 205, 206, 242
and voter registration in Hattiesburg, 105
fails to enforce law in Albany, 127
failure to help in Selma, 158, 160–161, 162, 164, 265
refuses protection to civil rights
workers, 193, 197–198, 208
prosecution of civil rights workers in Albany, 211, 212
and Chaney-Schwerner-Goodman murder, 243
U.S. government
in Mississippi, 90
failure to help in Albany, 123, 127, 129, 136
SNCC interpretation of its powers, 192
special agents for South proposed, 196–197, 200
response to civil rights crises, 199
warned of trouble in Mississippi, 242
U.S. Supreme Court, 1
decision of 1954, 18
Boynton case, 41
ruling in Gov. Barnett case, 201
ruling in Debs case, 202–203
Ex parte Siebold, 243
Urban League, 81
Vanderbilt University
expels Lawson, 22
Vick, Lee Chester, 76
Vicksburg, Miss., 82, 245
Vivian, Rev. C. T., 52
Voice of America, 266
Voter registration
Mississippi law, 66
Alabama law, 153
drives. See names of cities.
Walker, Wyatt, 53
Wallace, George C., 175, 179, 196, 265–266
Wallace, Henry, 262
Ware, Charlie, 193, 211
Warner, Clinton, 29
