2.A report on the Proposed Merger, Lonrho Limited and House of Fraser Limited, Presented to Parliament in Pursuance of Section 83 of the Fair Trading Act 1973 (London: Her Majesty’s Printing Office, December 9, 1981), p. 27 (hereafter: Griffiths Report, 1981).
3.Pinkindustry, “The House of Fraser,” Atlantic Semantic, http://pinkindustry.wordpress.com/the-house-of-fraser.
4.Tom Bower, Fayad: The Unauthorized Biography (London: Macmillan, 1998), p. 151; Tom Bower, Tiny Rowland: A Rebel Tycoon (London: Mandarin, 1994), pp. 499–500.
5.Chris Blackhurst, “As Mysterious in Life as in Death,” Timeout London, July 2, 2007.
6.Chris Blackhurst, “The Shadowy World of Ashraf Marwan,” Business, May 5, 1987.
7.Interview with Tom Bower.
8.Quotations from Griffiths Report, 1981; statement of Member of Parliament Charles Wardle, June 4, 1997, http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/com mons/1997/jun/04/dti-inquiries#column_318; commentary on Griffiths’s choice of words; interview with Tom Bower, June 28, 2010.
9.Letter from Sir Andrew Bowden MBE, MP, to the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, February 13, 1997 (hereafter: Bowden Letter).
10.Interviews with Bower and Blackhurst; Robinson, Yamani, pp. 130–35.
11.Simon Parkin, “Who Killed the 20th Century’s Greatest Spy?” Guardian, September 15, 2015: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/15/who-killed-20th-centurys-greatest-spy-ashraf-marwan.
12.Graham Greene, Our Man in Havana (New York: Penguin, 1969); John le Carré, The Tailor of Panama (New York: Knopf, 1996).
13.Yossi Melman and Dan Raviv, Imperfect Spies (Tel Aviv: Maariv, 1990), p. 176.
14.Ian Black and Benny Morris, Israel’s Secret Wars (New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991), p. 286.
15.Shmuel Katz, Soldier Spies: Israeli Military Intelligence (Novato, CA: Presidio, 1992), p. 246.
16.Eli Zeira, Myth versus Reality: The Yom Kippur War—Failures and Lessons (Tel Aviv: Eidanim, 1993).
17.Telephone conversation with Amnon Dankner, May 13, 2010.
18.Zeira, Myth versus Reality, p. 124.
19.Robinson, Yamani, p. 85.
20.Zeira, Myth versus Reality: The Yom Kippur War—Failures and Lessons, p.126.
21.Ruling of Arbitration, before Justice (ret.) Theodor Orr. Plaintiff: Eliahu (Eli) Zeira, represented by Adv. B. Mozer et al.; v. Defendant: Zvi Zamir, represented by Adv. Danziger, Klegsbald et al., March 25, 2007, pp. 15–17 (hereafter: Orr Ruling).
22.Zeira, Myth versus Reality: The Yom Kippur War—Failures and Lessons, pp. 85, 123.
23.Orr Ruling, pp. 16–17.
24.Ephraim Kahana, “Early Warning Against Concept: The Case of the Yom Kippur War 1973,” Intelligence and National Security 7, no. 2 (2002): 81–104, 99.
25.Ahron Bregman and Jihan el-Tahri, The Fifty Years War: Israel and the Arabs (London: Penguin, 1998).
26.Ahron Bregman, Israel’s Wars, 1947–93 (London: Routledge, 2000).
27.Ahron Bregman, A History of Israel (Houndmills, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002).
28.Israel Television Channel One, Supplement of Supplements, September 23, 2004.
29.Orr Ruling, p. 34.
Chapter 13: Fallen Angel
1.In addition to the sources cited below, the current description of the events surrounding Marwan’s death relies on interviews with two of the people most closely associated with the affair but who preferred to remain anonymous. Other sources include: Private electronic correspondence with Dr. Ahron Bregman, June 28, 2010; Yossi Melman, “It Doesn’t Sound Like the Ashraf Marwan I Know”; Majdi al-Jallad, “Al-Masry al-Youm Publishes Important Details on the Death of Ashraf Marwan,” Al-Masry al-Youm, July 7, 2007; “Mona Abdel Nasser Interviews with Al-Ahram Weekly: The Israelis Murdered My Husband and Paid Money to Distort the Truth,” El-Araby, September 24, 2007; “Apology,” Al-Ahram Weekly, November 2007, Issue 872, pp. 22–28; Rajiv Syal, “‘Double Agent’ Billionaire’s Death in Fall from Balcony Was Murder, Says Friend,” Sunday Times, October 13, 2007; “An Egyptian Riddle,” Private Eye, August 4, 2010; Parkin, “Who Killed the 20th Century’s Greatest Spy?”
2.Rajiv Syal, “Evidence Missing in ‘Spy’ Death-Fall Mystery,” Times Online, August 29, 2007.
3.Rick E. Ingram, ed., The International Encyclopedia of Depression (New York: Springer, 2009), pp. 546–47.
4.Yossi Melman, “It Doesn’t Sound Like the Ashraf Marwan I Know”; electronic correspondence with Dr. Ahron Bregman, June 28, 2010; Parkin, “Who Killed the 20th Century’s Greatest Spy?”
5.Andrew Hosken, “Billionaire’s ‘Spy’ Death Remains a Mystery,” BBC Radio, July 15, 2010.
6.Al-Araby, September 24, 2007.
7.“Mossad Agents Murdered My Husband, Says Widow of Billionaire Arms Dealer,” Observer, July 11, 2010.
8.Telephone conversation between Ahron Bregman and Ashraf Marwan, October 14, 2003, in Dr. Bregman’s private collection.
9.Transcript of telephone conversation between Ahron Bregman and Ashraf Marwan, May 7, 2005.
10.Zamir and Mass, With Open Eyes, pp. 151–53.
11.James Forsyth, “Did He Fall or Was He Pushed?,” Spectator, August 15, 2007.
12.Rajiv Syal, “Missing Memoirs Fuel Spy Death Mystery,” Sunday Times, August 13, 2007.
13.Ronen Bergman, “The ‘Khotel’ Code.”
14.Electronic correspondence with the librarian at the archive in Washington and with Dr. Ahron Bregman, August 10 and 29, 2010.
15.Howard Blum, “The Double Agent Who Fooled Israel,” early draft of “Another Operative Is Outed—But in Israel This Time,” Los Angeles Times, October 5, 2003.
16.Telephone conversation between Ahron Bregman and Ashraf Marwan, October 6, 2006.
17.Yossi Melman, “What Is Known About the Mysterious Death of Ashraf Marwan, the Agent Who Warned Israel of the Yom Kippur War,” Haaretz, May 28, 2010.
18.Ilana Dayan, “The Last Spy.”
19.Zamir and Mass, With Open Eyes, p. 129.
20.Heikal, Mubarak and His Time, p. 246.
21.Ronen Bergman, “Their Man in Cairo,” Yediot Ahronot, May 6, 2005.
22.Heikal, Mubarak and His Time, p. 252.
23.Ibid., p. 256.
24.Ben Macintyre, A Spy Among Friends (New York: Crown, 2014), pp. 265–67.
25.Heikal, Mubarak and His Time, p. 260.
26.Dr. Moustafa al-Fiqi, “On El-Leithy Nassif, the Egyptian General Who Died in a Manner Similar to Ashraf in London,” Al-Masry al-Youm, October 9, 2008; “Egyptian X-File: Stuart Tower, the Beginning,” Egyptian Chronicles, May 21, 2010, http://egyptianchronicles.blogspot.com/2010/05/egyptian-x-file-stuart-tower-beginning.html.
27.Kris Kenway, “Searching for Cinderella,” Egypt Today 25, no. 6 (June 2004): pp. 22-30; “Egyptian X-File: Cinderella’s Rank,” Egyptian Chronicles, July 14, 2009, http://egyptianchronicles.blogspot.com/2009/07/egyptian-x-file-cinderella-rank.html.
28.Rose al-Yusuf, June 29, 2011.
29.Reuters, July 2, 2007.
30.Ilana Dayan, “The Last Spy.”
31.Steve Kroft, “Was the Perfect Spy a Double Agent?” 60 Minutes, May 10, 2009.
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&nbs
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Shalev, Arieh. “Intelligence Estimates in Advance of the War.” In National Trauma: The Yom Kippur War After Thirty Years and Another War, edited by Moshe Shemesh and Ze’ev Drori, pp. 125–83. Sdeh Boker: Ben-Gurion University Press, 2008.
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Websites and Blogs
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In the Middle of Yom Kippur, the IDF Spokesman Announced: ‘At approximately 2:00 p.m., the forces of Egypt and Syria launched an attack in Sinai and the Golan Heights. Our forces are working to fight the attackers,’” IAF website, http://iaf.org.il/843-13277-he/IAF.aspx. Accessed January 20, 2016.
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