20 ibid.
21 Cox, p. 25
22 ibid., p. 16
23 Oxfordshire Federation of Women’s Institutes, 1942 Annual Report
24 Cox, p. 14
25 WI marketing subcommittee minutes, 2 July 1941
26 ibid.
27 Oxfordshire Federation minutes, April 1941
28 ibid., May 1941
29 Marketing Subcommittee minutes, May 1943
30 Good Housekeeping, August 1941
CHAPTER 5
1 Home & Country, July 1940
2 ibid., September 1940
3 ibid.
4 ibid.
5 ibid.
6 Jeff Walden, Dictionary of National Biography, entry on C. H. Middleton
7 ibid.
8 Middleton, C. H., Digging for Victory, p. 5
9 ibid., p. 18
10 ibid., pp. 35–6
11 ibid., p. 136
12 Home & Country, December 1939
13 Broad, Richard and Suzie Fleming (eds), Nella Last’s War, 15 September 1941
14 Hookwood WI log book
15 Broadcast by Sir Reginald Dorman-Smith, reproduced in Home & Country, October 1939
16 Barham WI Annual Report 1944
17 Home & Country, July 1941
18 ibid., December 1942
19 Oxfordshire Federation minutes 1941
20 Dictionary of National Biography, entry on Dr W. O. James
21 Oxford Federation minutes 1941
22 Elizabeth Hess, ‘Five Hundred Tons of Rose Hips for 1945’, Home & Country, August 1945
23 W. King Wilson in Home & Country, July 1941
24 Editorial in Home & Country, October 1941
25 Letter from Mr Dawes to councils, 25 March 1942
26 ibid.
27 ibid.
28 ibid.
CHAPTER 6
1 McCall, Cicely, Women’s Institutes, p. 31
2 Home & Country, November 1939
3 ibid. December 1939
4 Andrews, Maggie, The Acceptable Face of Feminism, p. 109
5 Editorial, Home & Country, July 1940
6 ibid.
7 ibid.
8 Home & Country, July 1940
9 Lord Woolton, quoted in Home & Country, August 1940
10 Home & Country, August 1940
11 Letter in Home & Country, October 1939
12 Home & Country, January 1941
13 Lord Woolton to Lady Denman, 31 December 1940
14 Home & Country, August 1940
15 The Times, 24 March 1941
16 Letter from Marion Hyde to Lady Denman, published in Home & Country, August 1940
17 News from the Institutes, Home & Country, October 1940
18 ibid.
19 Letter from an East Kent WI member to the editor of Home & Country, November 1940
20 ibid.
21 Home & Country, December 1940
22 McCall, Women’s Institutes, p. 34
23 ibid., p. 35
24 ibid., p. 35
25 Cox, Country Markets, p. 20
26 Bowman, Jennifer, Redlynch WI: the War Years (Redlynch Review, 2009)
27 Oxfordshire Federation minute book, 1942
28 ibid., p. 20
29 Home & Country, June 1941
30 Lord Woolton broadcast, 6 June 1941
31 ibid.
32 ibid.
33 Donnelly (ed.), 18 July 1941, p. 103
34 Home & Country, January 1942, p. 1
35 ibid., March 1942
36 ibid.
37 Donnelly (ed.), 1 June 1941, p. 99
38 Home & Country, October 1943
39 ibid.
40 ibid.
41 ibid.
42 Letter from a jam centre supervisor to Home & Country, January 1945
CHAPTER 7
1 Letter from Mrs Hazelwood to Miss Farrer at the NFWI in September 1940
2 From letter to all county chairmen from Miss Farrer, 4 September 1939
3 P. G. Cambray and G. G. B. Briggs, Red Cross & St. John: The Official Record of the Humanitarian Services of the War Organisation of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St. John of Jerusalem, 1939–1947, p. 9
4 Gillies, Midge, The Barbed Wire University, p. 32
5 Cambray and Briggs, p. 586
6 Jenkins, Inez, History of the Women’s Institute Movement of England and Wales, p. 91
7 Woods, Katharine, ‘Headington WI memoir’
8 ibid.
9 Donnelly (ed.)¸ 1 June 1941, p. 99
10 Longmate, Norman, How We Lived Then, p. 246
11 ibid., p.257
12 Zweiniger-Bargielowska, p. 47
13 Hansard HC Deb, 22 April 1943, vol. 388, cc1842–3W
14 Home & Country, October 1941
15 Oxford Times, July 1943 (not actually dated)
16 Donnelly (ed.), 17 July 1940
17 Letter from Mary Close, president of the Westbourne WI, to Home & Country, October 1939
18 ‘News from Institutes’, Home & Country, February 1940
19 Letter to Home & Country, E. Hastings-Ord, February 1940
20 Miss M. Bowring, 4 March 1941, Home & Country, April 1941
21 Home & Country, September 1942
22 Letter to Miss Farrer, August 1942
23 ibid.
24 ibid.
25 Donnelly (ed.), 18 November 1941, p.115
26 Home & Country, October 1942
27 ibid.
28 Anne Stamper article 2003, ‘Country Women in Wartime’, paper delivered 2003
29 Letter from Clementine Churchill to Mrs Roberts, Trefnant WI, February 1942
30 Letter to institutes from county secretary, June 1943
31 Home & Country, 1943
32 Letter to county chairman from Edith Walker at NFWI, 29 March 1940
33 ibid.
34 Hampton, Janie, How the Girl Guides Won the War, p. 139
CHAPTER 8
1 Mrs D. Blewitt to James Blewitt, 9 June 1941
2 Lady Denman, message from our chairman, Home & Country, October 1939
3 Home & Country, November 1939, p.400
4 HM The Queen, speech to AGM, Albert Hall, 8 June 1943
5 National Federation of Women’s Institutes personnel files
6 Games for Women’s Institutes, 1941, p. 2
7 ibid.
8 McCall, Women’s Institutes, 1943, p. 16
9 Home & Country, December 1939
10 ibid.
11 Audlem WI Minute Book, January 1941
12 Home & Country, October 1940
13 Donnelly (ed.), 15 November 1940, p. 67
14 ibid., 28 May 1941, p. 98
15 ibid., 21 March 1941, p. 86
16 Lady Denman, 22 January 1940
17 Tribute in Home & Country, January 1940
18 Home & Country, October 1940
19 ibid.
20 Wright, Gertrude, The First Thirty Years: Mobberley Women’s Institute, p. 5
21 Oxfordshire Federation AGM, February 1942
22 Woods, Katharine, Memoirs of Headington WI, 1974
23 Home & Country, April 1944
24 ‘A Country Woman Looks About Her’, Home & Country, August 1940
25 ibid.
26 Home & Country, January 1941
27 Wright, The First Thirty Years, p. 1728 Eileen Lloyd to the author, 3 March 2011
28 Home & Country, March 1944
29 ibid., October 1940
30 ibid., July 1940
31 Lady Tweedsmuir’s address, Oxfordshire Federation AGM 1943
32 Home & Country, August 1940
33 ibid., June 1942
34 ibid., June 1944
35 ibid.
CHAPTER 9
1 Donnelly (ed.), 17 August 1944, p. 230
2 Home & Country, May 1941
3 ibid.
4 ibid., August 1942from broadcast on 21 June 1942
5 ibid., November 1944
6 Letter from Mrs Walshe t
o Home & Country, September 1942
7 ‘Managing an Earth Closet’ in Home & Country, August 1944
8 ‘Turning on the Tap’ by Cicely McCall, Home & Country, May 1944
9 ibid.
10 ibid.
11 Home & Country, November 1944
12 ‘Turning on the Tap’
13 24th AGM, Tuesday 8 June 1943
14 ibid.
15 Home & Country, June 1942
16 ibid., January 1943
17 ibid.
18 ibid., September 1942
19 ibid., July 1942
20 Evidence for the Central Housing Advisory Committee’s Subcommittee on the Design of Dwellings, p. 1
21 ibid.
22 ibid.
23 ibid.
24 ibid., p. 2
25 Education questionnaire 1943, p. 4
26 Miss Nancy Tennant, NFWI conference on Post War Reconstruction in Europe
27 NFWI conference on Post War Reconstruction in Europe
28 ibid.
29 ibid.
30 Lady Denman message published in Home & Country, July 1944
31 Donnelly (ed.), 8 May 1945, p. 98
32 Home & Country, June 1945
33 ibid.
34 ibid., March 1946
35 Norah C. James, ‘Back to Real Life’, Woman’s Own, January 1945, p. 15
36 K. M. Catlin, Home & Country, June 1945
CHAPTER 10
1 Home & Country, December 1939
2 Wright, The First Thirty Years, p. 15
3 Donnelly (ed.), 10 May 1945, p. 300
4 ibid., 12 May 1945, p. 302
5 Lady Brunner quoted in Goodenough, Jam and Jerusalem, p. 45
6 A WI member, letter in Home & Country, October 1940
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Andrews, Maggie, The Acceptable Face of Feminism: The Women’s Institute as a Social Movement (London, Lawrence & Wishart Ltd, 1997)
Broad, Richard and Fleming, Suzie (eds), Nella Last’s War (London: Profile Books, 2006)
Cambray, P. G. and Briggs, G. G. B. (compilers), Red Cross & St. John: The Official Record of the Humanitarian Services of the War Organisation of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St. John of Jerusalem, 1939–1947 (London: Sumfield and Day, 1949)
Carey, Helen, Bows of Burning Gold (Kirby Malham: Alfresco Books, 2005)
Carter, David, Tarporley Then and Now (Tarporley: Rotary Club, 2000)
Collingham, Lizzie, The Taste of War: World War Two and the Battle for Food (London: Allen Lane, 2011)
Condell, Jenny (ed.), The Day the War Ended: Voices and Memories from 1945 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005)
Deneke, Helen, Grace Hadow (London: Oxford University Press, 1946)
Donnelly, Peter (ed.), Mrs Milburn’s Diaries: An Englishwoman’s Day-to-Day Reflections 1939–1945 (London: Harrap, 1979)
Gardiner, Juliet, Wartime Britain 1939–1945 (London: Headline Book Publishing, 2004)
Gillies, Midge, The Barbed Wire University: The Real Lives of Allied Prisoners of War in the Second World War (London: Aurum Press Ltd, 2011)
Goodenough, Simon, Jam and Jerusalem: A Pictorial History of Britain’s Greatest Women’s Movement (London: Berkeley Publishers Ltd, 1977)
Hampton, Janie, How the Girl Guides Won the War (London: Harper Press, 2010)
Harrisson, Tom and Madge, Charles, War Begins at Home by Mass Observation (London: Chatto & Windus, 1940)
Hertfordshire Federation of Women’s Institutes, The Hertfordshire Village Book (Newbury: Countryside Books, 1986)
Hertfordshire Federation of Women’s Institutes, Pride in our Past (Newbury: Countryside Books, 2008)
Jenkins, Inez, The History of the Women’s Institute Movement of England and Wales (Oxford University Press, 1953)
Kitchen, Penny (compiler), The Women’s Institute for Home & Country, War, Peace and Rural Life As Seen Through the Pages of the WI Magazine 1919–1959 (London: Ebury Press, 1990)
Lawson, John and Silver, Harold, A Social History of Education in England (London: Methuen & Co, 1973)
Livingstone, Sir Richard, Education for a World Adrift (Cambridge University Press, 1943)
Longmate, Norman, How We Lived Then: A History of Everyday Life During the Second World War (London: Arrow Books Ltd, 1973)
McCall, Cicely, Looking Back from the Nineties (Norwich: Gliddon Books, 1994)
McCall, Cicely, Women’s Institutes (London: William Collins, 1943)
Middleton, C. H., Digging for Victory (London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1942)
Nicholson, Virginia, Millions Like Us (London: Viking, 2011)
Richards, Guy and Dalton-Morris, Shirley, Longcot: A Village in the Vale (Faringdon: Shirley Dalton-Morris, 1999)
Robertson Scott, J. W., The Story of the Women’s Institute Movement in England & Wales & Scotland (Kingham: The Village Press, 1925)
Roffey, James, A Schoolboy’s War in Sussex (Stroud: The History Press, 2010)
Sheridan, Dorothy (ed.), Wartime Women: A Mass Observation Anthology (London, William Heinemann Ltd, 1990)
Stamper, Anne, Rooms off the Corridor: Education in the WI and 50 years of Denman College 1948–1998 (London: WI Books, 1998)
Titmuss, Richard, History of the Second World War: Problems of Social Policy (London: HM Stationery Office and Longmans, Greene and Co, 1950)
Townsend, Colin and Eileen, War Wives: A Second World War Anthology (Glasgow: Grafton Books for the Leisure Circle Partnership, 1989)
Tyrer, Nicola, They Fought in the Fields: The Women’s Land Army: The story of a Forgotten Victory (London: Sinclair-Stevenson, 1996)
Waller, Jane and Vaughan-Rees, Michael, Women in Wartime: The Role of Women’s Magazines 1939–1945 (London: McDonald Optima, 1987)
Ward, Dorcas, History of Bradfield in Berkshire (Frilsham: Dorcas Ward, 2011)
Weightman, Christine, Remembering Wartime Ascot, Sunningdale and Sunninghill 1939–1945 (Ascot: Cheapside Publications, 2006)
Zweiniger-Bargielowska, Ina, Austerity in Britain: Rationing, Controls and Consumption 1939–1955 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)
PERIODICALS, REPORTS AND LEAFLETS
Beveridge, William, Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Social Insurance and Allied Services (the Beveridge Report) 1942
Elliott, Walter, Transfer of Population in time of War, broadcast on 6 January 1939 (Ministry of Health)
Ministry of Agriculture, Allotment & Garden Guide, September 1945 Vo. 1, No. 9
Ministry of Information, Make Do and Mend (London, Ministry of Information 1943)
Report of the Committee of Post War agricultural Education in England and Wales (HMSO 1943)
Town Children Through Country Eyes: A Survey on Evacuation, 1940 (Dorking, NFWI 1940)
Good Housekeeping, August 1941
Home & Country: The Journal of the Women’s Institutes, monthly magazine with county supplements, 1938–1946
Dig for Victory Leaflet No. 11: Bottling and Canning Fruit and Vegetables
UNPUBLISHED SOURCES
Bowman, Jennifer, Redlynch WI: the War Years (Redlynch Review, 2009)
Cox, Vera, Country Markets, A Pioneer Venture by the National Federation of Women’s Institutes (London, NFWI 1940)
Drage, Dorothy, Pennies for Friendship (privately printed, 1961)
Stamper, Anne, Countrywomen in war time – Women’s Institutes 1938–1945, Paper delivered to the Second International Conference on the History of Voluntary Action, held at Roehampton Institute, University of Surrey, 9–11 September 2003
Stamper, Anne, What the WI did in Wartime
Walker, Collins and Hood, M. McIntyre, Fifty Years of Achievement, Federated Women’s Institutes of Ontario, 1948
Woods, Katharine, Headington WI Memoir: From Canada to Headington Fifty-Five years ago, 1973
Wright, Gertrude, The First Thirty Years: Mobberley Women’s Institute, 1958
Minute books and summaries from WI institutes: Arnside, Audlem, Barham, Barro
w, Barthomley, Bickleigh, Burton and Puddington, Bywell, Coningsby & Tattershall, East & West Hendred, Feniton, Goostrey, Hookwood, Hooton, Leigh, Mobberley, Preston Patrick, Radley, Revesby, Ringmer, Smethcote, Tetney, Washington Station WI, Willaston
County Records and annual reports: Cheshire, Derbyshire, Dorset, Hampshire, North Lincolnshire, Oxfordshire, Surrey,
FROM THE WOMEN’S LIBRARY
NFWI Marketing Subcommittee Record Books
MISC 171 Item 2627 BBC Wartime Kitchen and Garden Interviews (1992–3)
5FWI/A/3/6-7 Box 46 Report on the AGMs at the Royal Albert Hall
5FWI/D/1/2/92 Women in Forces
5FWI/CT/1/3/2/1 Advice to Presidents on how to conduct meetings
5FWI/H/15 Personnel files
5FWI/H/16 Post-War planning
5FWI/D/1/2/84 Women Police 1939–45
5/FWI/H/15 1939–1945 War
5FWI/B/2/1/116 WI Movement – General 1944–1986
5FWI/B/2/1/115 Lady Denman
5FWI/H/14 Box OS72 Wartime Scrapbook of Miss Elizabeth Hess
5FWI/A/3/73 World War II and after, 1940–77
The Post-War Relief of Europe, report of the conference held in London on 11 March 1943
FROM THE IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM
IWM 99/74/1 The papers of Mrs Constance Miles (b.1881)
IWM 08/20/1 Papers of Mrs Denys Blewitt
FROM THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
cab/66/16/28 Rationing of Clothing (Memorandum by the President of the Board of Trade to the War Cabinet)
cab/68/7/2 Food Situation of the United Kingdom, July 1940 (Report submitted by the Minister of Food to the War Cabinet)
cab/68/8/54 Food Situation of the United Kingdom, July 1941 (Report submitted by the Minister of Food to the War Cabinet)
cab/68/2/39 Supply and Production October 1939 (Report submitted to the War Cabinet on the imports of wool)
cab/66/57/19 Tenth Report of the Shipping Committee, November 1944 (Report regarding imports of food, materials and munitions)
cab/67/5/34 The Effects of Severe Rationing (Report on the experiment conducted in Cambridge in 1939 to assess the effect of severely limiting food intake for the population)
cab/67/5/27 Standard Clothing (Memorandum by the Chancellor of the Exchequer on the viability of issuing a range of standard articles of clothing at controlled prices)
cab/66/42/20 Post-War Reconstruction – Third Quarterly Survey 1943
cab/66/56/36 Supplies from North America in Stage II (note by the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the Minister of Production, 1944)
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