by Todd Gordon
1139 Prime Minister’s Office, “Canada strengthens defence and security ties with Peru,” Lima, Peru: Prime Minister’s Office, May 22, 2013.
1140 A. Foster, “Peru’s defence minister invited to Canada,” p. 16; TV Peru, “Perú y Canadá fortalecen cooperación en Educación, Energía y Defensa,” TV Peru, December 3, 2012. Available online at: www.tvperu.gob.pe. Accessed on December 4, 2012.
1141 L. Berthiaume, “Conservative government looking to bolster Canada’s arms trade.”
1142 L. Henao, “Chile blocks Pascua-Lama mine, fines Barrick $16M for environmental violations,” Winnipeg Free Press, May 24, 2013. Available online at: www.winnipegfreepress.com. Accessed on May 24, 2013; Associated Press, “Chile suspends Barrick Gold mine on indigenous fears of pollution,” Edmonton Journal, April 10, 2013. Available online at: www.edmontonjournal.com. Accessed on April 10, 2013; Latin American Press, “Pascua Lama mine suspended,” Latin American Press, November 16, 2012. Available online at: http://lapress.org/articles.asp?art=6737. Accessed on November 26, 2012.
1143 Barrick is not the only mining company enmeshed in controversy in Chile. The construction of Goldcorp’s C$3.9 billion El Morro mine was stopped in April 2012 when Chile’s top court suspended approval of an environmental permit following accusations that it contained deficiencies and a local indigenous community was not properly consulted before construction began. P. Jordan, “Goldcorp halts work on Chilean mine” Globe and Mail, April 30, 2012. Available online at: http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/energy-and-resources/goldcorp-halts-work-at-chilean-mine/article4103975/. Accessed on April 30, 2012.
1144 K. Keenan, “Canadian Mining: Still Unaccountable,” NACLA Report on the Americas, May/June, 2010, p. 30; M. Valente, “Mining Industry Puts a Freeze on Mapping of Argentina’s Glaciers,” Upside Down World, March 15, 2012. Available online at: http://upsidedownworld.org/main/news-briefs-archives-68/3511-mining-industry-puts-a-freeze-on-mapping-of-argentinas-glaciers. Accessed on March 26, 2012.
1145 La Verdad Ahora, “La Barrick Gold posee un ‘pais virtual’ de 3.000 kilómetros de largo en la Cordillera de los Andes,” Piensa Chile, March 18, 2012. Available online at: http://piensachile.com/2012/03/la-barrick-gold-posee-un-qpais-virtualq-de-3000-kilometros-de-largo-en-la-cordillera-de-los-andes/. Accessed on March 20, 2012.
1146 AIM, “Protesta contra la Barrick Gold deja 30 detenidos,” AIM, February 9, 2012. Available online at: http://www.aimdigital.com.ar/2012/02/09/protesta-contra-la-barrick-gold-deja-30-detenidos/. Accessed on February 14, 2012.
1147 R. Picolotti, Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development, 40th Parliament, 2nd Session, Ottawa: November 24, 2009. It is also worth noting that in 2010 Argentina’s Secretary of Mining, Jorge Mayoral, faced allegations of having financial ties to Barrick. Clarín, “Acusan al secretario de Minería de tener lazos con la empresa Barrick,” Clarín, July 15, 2010. Available online at: http://www.clarin.com/politica/Acusan-secretario-Mineria-empresa-Barrick_0_298770159.html. Accessed on July 20, 2010.
1148 The quotation is from a cable created January 21, 2009 from the US embassy in Buenos Aires, released by wikileaks March 14, 2011.
1149 C. Meyer, “Where’s the beef? Sizing up Canada-Mexico relations,” Embassy, May 26, 2010. Available online at: http://m.embassynews.ca/news/2010/05/26/wheres-the-beef-sizing-up-canada-mexico-relations/38958. Accessed on May 27, 2010; Secretaría de Economía, Anuario Estadístico de La Minería Mexicana 2012, Mexico: Secretaría de Economía, 2013; Forbes, “Mining on the Upswing in Mexico,” Forbes, June 11, 2010. Available online at: http://www.forbes.com/2010/06/10/mexico-mining-industry-business-oxford-analytica.html. Accessed on June 17, 2010; Mexidata, “Canadian Businesses Continue to Invest in Mexico,” Mexidata, February 14, 2011. Available online at: www.mexidata.info. Accessed on February 17, 2011.
1150 Rights Action, “Mexican Government Sends Troops In Support of Canadian Mining Company,” Rights Action, Electronic Bulletin, May 9, 2009. Accessed on May 9, 2009.
1151 D. Paley, “Militarized Mining in Mexico,” Dominion, December 12, 2011. Available online at: http://www.dominionpaper.ca/articles/4301. Accessed on December 15, 2011; Canadian Press, “Canadian firm fires 397 workers at Mexican mine,” Globe and Mail, June 18, 2010, p. B8.
1152 M. DeFrancesco, “Protest Against Canadian Mine in Mexico,” Upside Down World, July 27, 2010. Available online at: http://upsidedownworld.org/main/mexico-archives-79/2606-protest-against-canadian-mine-in-mexico. Accessed on July 28, 2010.
1153 P. Connors, “Re: Semarnat-Canada: Solicitud de audiencia,” Ottawa: Foreign Affairs and International Trade, November 13, 2009, Access to Information, file A-2010-01152.
1154 S. Montgomery, “Mexico shuts down Canadian mine,” Toronto Star, December 9, 2009, p. A19.
1155 G. McArthur, “Miner raided over bribery allegations,” Globe and Mail, August 29, 2011, p. A3.
1156 J. Moore and G. Colgrove, “Corruption, Murder and Canadian Mining in Mexico: The Case of Blackfire Exploration and the Canadian Embassy,” Mining Watch, May 2013. Available online at: http://www.miningwatch.ca/files/blackfire_embassy_report_eng_0.pdf. Accessed on May 30, 2013.
1157 D. Paley, “Ottawa’s role in the permanent war against the people of Mexico,” Upside Down World, July 4, 2012. Available online at: http://upsidedownworld.org/main/news-briefs-archives-68/3729-canada-boosts-police-power-in-mexico. Accessed on July 5, 2012.
1158 Project for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Mexico, “Mexican Army and Police Use Force to Break Community’s Protest, Enter Excellon’s La Platosa Mine,” Mining Watch, August 29, 2012. Available online at: http://www.miningwatch.ca/news/mexican-army-and-police-use-force-break-communitys-protest-enter-excellons-la-platosa-mine. Accessed on August 30, 2012.
1159 Public Safety Canada’s Mexican planning is discussed in a cable from the US embassy in Ottawa, released via wikileaks. The cable was written April 15, 2009.
1160 Halifax Initiative, “EDC backs another controversial mine,” Halifax Initiative, April 30, 2010. Available online at: http://www.halifaxinitiative.org/content/monthly-issue-update-april-30-2010. Accessed on May 5, 2010.
1161 Listin Diario, “Más de 400 trabajadores de la empresa minera Barrick Gold se intoxican en Cotuí,” Listin Diario, March 15, 2010. Available online at: www.listindiario.com. Accessed on April 14, 2010; Dominican Today, “Toxins sickened Barrick Gold’s 326 Dominican miners, study says,” Dominican Today, March 24, 2010. Available online at: http://www.dominicantoday.com/dr/economy/2010/3/24/35196/Toxins-sickened-Barrick-Golds-326-Dominican-miners-study-says. Accessed on April 14, 2010.
1162 Dominican Today, “Canada defends Barrick Gold’s operation in Dominican Republic,” Dominican Today, February 11, 2010. Available online at: http://www.dominicantoday.com/dr/economy/2010/2/11/34791/Canada-defends-Barrick-Golds-operation-in-Dominican-Republic. Accessed on February 12, 2010.
1163 A. Vásquez, “Decenas de heridos en protesta contra Barrick Gold en Cotuí,” Listin Diario, September 28, 2012. Available online at: www.listindiario.com. Accessed on October 2, 2012.
1164 Northern Miner, “Customs hold-up has Barrick investors on edge,” Northern Miner, March 15, 2013. Available online at: http://www.northernminer.com/news/customs-hold-up-has-barrick-investors-on-edge/1002145720/. Accessed on March 15, 2013.
INDEX
2000 Ley para la Promoción de la Inversión y de la Participación Ciudadana (Law for the Promotion of Investment and Citizen Participation—Peru), 217
23 de Enero, 244
Abarca, Mariano, 280–1
Ablonczy, Diane, 176, 204, 258, 282
Acacías, 168–9
Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (Colombian Academy of Natural, Physical and Exact Sciences), 173–4
Acción Ecológica (Ecological Action), 219–223
accountabili
ty, 3, 18, 27, 175, 234, 246–7, 270
accumulation, see also capital, accumulation
by dispossession, 14–15, 27–8, 149–50, 285
primitive, 14, 90
Achuar territory, 202
Acosta, Alberto, 213–14, 216–17, 220–1, 225–7
activists, 35, 37, 44, 56–7, 59–61, 66–7, 70–1, 74–6, 82–3, 94–6, 98–100, 109, 112–14, 123–5, 134, 137–8, 140–1, 152–3, 161–2, 167, 171–2, 174, 176, 178, 189, 194–5, 199, 211, 215, 219–20, 222, 231, 233, 254, 269, 285
ADISMI, see Association for the Integrated Development of San Miguel
AECON Construction, 234
Afghanistan, 20–2
AFL-CIO (American Federation of Labor), 35
Africa, 5, 25–6, 40, 57, 80, 107–8, 207, 237, 243
Afro-Colombians, 150, 155, 157–8, 162–3, 169, 175, 181, 272
Afro-Ecuadorians, 213
Afro-Indigenous, 61
Afro-Latin American, 215
Afro-Venezuelans, 256
Ágel, 114
Agencia de Promoción de Inversiones de Nicaragua (Agency for the Promotion of Investment in Nicaragua–ProNicaragua), 137
Agrarian Reform Law of 1953 (Guatemala), 87
agriculture,
agrarian reform, 40, 63, 85, 87, 104
agribusiness, 65, 108
and capitalism, 85
dispossession,, 87, 154, 153
exports, 120, 128–9
livelihood, 153
mining impact, 71, 104, 185–6, 194–5, 217
peasant, 40, 172
producer, 14
small, 138
sector, 28, 198–9
strike, 157–8
workers, 88, 156
aid,
bilateral, 78, 81, 140, 205–7, 240–1, 265
development, 24–7, 36, 52, 77–8, 81, 148–9, 179–81, 237, 247, 285
military, 36–7, 87
AirScan, 162
ALBA, see Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América
Albo, Greg, ix, 30
Alegría, Rafael, 61, 63
Alemán, Arnoldo, 135–6
Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América (Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America–ALBA), 46, 136, 211, 214–15, 246
Alianza País (Country Alliance, AP), 213–14, 232, 267
Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (Nationalist Republican Party—ARENA, El Salvador), 119–20
Allen, Jon, 239–41
Allison, Dean, 103
Almendarez, Juan, 70
Alta Verapaz, 107
Alta Vista, 75–6
Álvarez Paz, Oswaldo, 253–4
Amador, Javier, 138
Amazon, 173, 183–5, 188, 198, 202
American Convention on Human Rights, 262–3
Amezaga, Jaime, 71
Amnesty International, 161, 176
ANAMINH, see National Association of Metal Mining
Ancash, 193–200
Andean Regional Initiative, 26–7, 180–1, 206–7
Andean Unit for Democratic Governance (AUDG), 267–71
Anderson, Patrick, 227
Antamina mine, 205
Anti-Corruption Party (PAC), 82
Antioquia, 156, 162–3, 169–70
AP, see Alianza País or Asamblea de los Pueblos
Aragua, 254–5
Araujo, María Consuelo, 170
Araya, Edgardo, 133
Árbenz, Jacobo, 86–7, 104
arbitrary detention, 28, 36, 188, 286
ARENA, see Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (El Salvador)
Arequipa , 192
Arévalo, Juan José, 86–7
Argentina, 19, 27, 43, 87, 193, 195, 279
Arias, Oscar, 52, 55, 129, 130–5, 139
Arias, Rodgrigo, 133–4
Aristide, Jean-Bertrand, 22
army, 60, 90, 114, 172, 292, 281
Arsenault, Daniel, 67–8, 76–7
arsenic, 70–1, 98–9, 122, 186
Article 296-A, 253–4
Arzú, Álvaro, 92
Asamblea de los Pueblos (Assembly of Peoples, AP), 223
Ascendant Copper Corporation, see also Copper Mesa Mining Corporation, 211, 219–21
Asia, 16, 40, 129, 250
-Pacific, 207
Asociación Nacional de Campesinos Hondureños (National Association of Honduran Peasants–ANACH), 35
Asociación Nacional de Minería Metálica (National Association of Metal Mining), 67, 79
Asp, Jerry, 95, 225
Assange, Julian, 211
assassinations, 37–8, 44, 47–8, 59–60, 62, 82–3, 104–6, 109, 114–16, 123–7, 150–1, 164, 169–70, 178–9, 221, 247–8, 285–6
assets, 16–17, 129–30, 149, 164, 238
public, 14–15
Association for the Integrated Development of San Miguel (ADISMI), 99–100, 114
atrocities, 152, 161, 175, 181
AUDG, see Andean Unit for Democratic Governanc
Auerlian Resources, 227
Aura Minerals, 67–8, 71–2
Aura Silver Resources, 121
austerity, 12, 39, 64, 78, 129, 266
Australia, 121, 124
autocracy, 248, 250–1
auto-golpe, 32, 190
Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (Self-Defence Units of Colombia), 155
Automatic Firearms Country Control List, 274
Avilés, William, 152
Awajún, 198–9
Aymara, 199
B2Gold, 131, 134, 136–9
Bac, Pablo, 116
Bagua, 198–200
Bajo Aguán region, 40, 48, 58–9
Baird, John, 81, 204, 258, 263
Baltodano, Álvaro, 137
bananas, 34–5, 39–40, 42–3, 61, 128–9, 138–9, 156, 213, 216
banks,
Banco Colpatria, 149
Banco de Comercio,, 121
Bancolombia, 165
Bank of Nova Scotia (Scotiabank), 16, 19, 121–2, 131, 149, 184
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, (CIBC), 16, 165
capital investment, 181, 278–80
collapse, 19
commercial, 12
nationalized, 128
offshore accounts, 91
private, 129–30
privatization, 129–31, 149–51
profits, 107
public, 129–30
regional, 12
Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), 16
Royal Bank of Scotland, 149
Barco, Virgilio, 151
Barinas, 248
Barrick Gold, 17–18, 24, 26–7, 131, 156, 196–8, 202, 206–7, 245, 278–82
Barrios, Cristóbal, 203
barrios marginales, 44
Barry-Shaw, Nik, 30
Basque Homeland and Freedom, 253
Baxter, Peter, 162
Bay Street, 204
BDS, see Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions
Bear Creek, 199
Bebbington, Anthony, 23, 125–6, 185–6
Belaúnde, Fernando, 189
Bell, 121–2
Bellavista, 131
Beltrán, Oscar, 123
Bema Gold Corp., 162
Bennet Jones, 57
Berger, Oscar, 92–4, 109–10, 112
Bergeron, Brent, 103–4
Berthiaume, Lee, 206
Beta Vargas, 131
Betancur, Bolisario, 151
biodiversity, 9, 75, 138, 218, 225
biofuel, 33, 47, 91
Bishi Metals, 219
Blackfire Exploration, 280–1
Black River First Nation, 224–5
Blackwood, Elizabeth, 25–7
blockades, 48, 61, 71, 96, 106, 108–9, 112–13, 116, 123, 137–8, 141, 144, 163, 166–8, 197–205, 239, 266, 280–1
bloodshed, 97–8, 116
Bogotá, 148–51, 167, 178–9, 272
bogotazo, 151
Bolaños, Enrique, 135
Bolívar, Simón, 161, 248
Bolivia, 25, 41, 43, 63, 136, 180–1, 193, 199, 209–10, 240, 246, 261
Boudria, Don, 103
bourgeoisie, 4, 38, 149–50, 153, 187, 209
Bourrouet, Andrei, 132
Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS), 25
Brantome, Carola, 138–9
Brazil, 49–51, 54, 62–4, 87, 164–5, 168, 173, 200
Breaking the Silence (NGO), 115
Breakwater Resources, 67–8, 77
Brison, Scott, 177, 273
British Columbia, 95, 225
British Petroleum, 149
Brookfield Asset Management, 149
Bucaramanga, 170–1
Buenos Aires, 187, 235, 279
Bugailiskis, Alexandra, 101–2
bullion, 118
Burkina Faso, 26
Burron, Neil, 262
Burt, Tye, 237
Bury, Jeffrey Todd, 191
Bush, George W., 32
CA4, see Central American Four
Cabañas, 122–5
Cáceres, Bertha, 48
CACM, see Central American Common Market
CAFTA, see Central America Free Trade Agreement
Caguán, 151
Cajamarca, 198
Caldas, 162–3, 169
Calderón, Felipe, 28, 32, 281
Calderón Fournier, Rafael Ángel, 129
Calderón Sol, Armando, 121
California (municipality–Colombia), 170
California (U.S. state), 43,
Callejas, Rafael, 38–9
Calwood, Perry, 246, 263
Cámara Minero de México (Chamber of Mining of Mexico–CAMIMEX), 280
Cambio Democrático (Democratic Change—Panama), 140
Cameron, Max, 257
CAMIMEX, see Cámara Minera de México,
Campbell, Francisco, 137
Campbell, Kim, 265
Campo del Mar, 75–6
Campo Rubiales, 165–6
Canada–Colombia Free Trade Agreement (CCOFTA), 24–5, 60, 148–9, 175, 178, 180–1, 272–3
