236 key role in LeT’s massacre in Mumbai: USA v. David Coleman Headley U.S. District Court Northern District of Illinois Eastern Division Case No. 09 CR 830.
237 some three dozen American citizens or residents: New York University Center on Law and Security 2009 op. cit.
237 formally pledged allegiance: “Somalia’s Shabab proclaim allegiance to bin Laden,” Agence France Press, September 22, 2009.
237 his own imprimatur: Osama bin Laden tape, translated by NEFA Foundation, March 19, 2009. http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/
nefaubl0309-2.pdf
237 some measure of stability: “Islamist Control of Mogadishu Raises Concern of Extremist Future for Somalia,” June 8, 2006.
238 Ahmed drove a truck: Spencer Hsu and Carrie Johnson, “Somali Americans recruited by extremists,” Washington Post, March 11, 2009. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/10/AR2009031003901.html.
238 matched Ahmed’s finger: USA vs Cabdulaahi Ahmed Faarax, Abdeiweli Yassin Isse, criminal complaint filed October 8, 2009 in U.S. District Court Minnesota. http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/U.S./
20091124_TERROR_DOCS/faarax.pdf.
238 The FBI suspected: “FBI investigating Seattleite in suicide bombing,” Associated Press, September 25, 2009. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/33025395/ns/world_news-terrorism/.
238 “How dare you”: NEFA Foundation, transcript of al Shabab video from Abu Mansoor al Amiriki, “A response to Barack Obama’s speech in Cairo,” July 9, 2009; http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/
FeaturedDocs/nefa_abumansoor0709.pdf;: Andrea Elliott, “The jihadist next door,” New York Times Magazine, January 31, 2010.
238 six other Somali-Americans: Spencer Hsu, “Concern grows over recruitment of Somali Americans by Islamists,” Washington Post, October 4, 2009. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/10/03/AR2009100302901.html.
239 outside an Army barracks: Emma Brockes, “British man named as bomber who killed 10,” The Guardian, December 28, 2000. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2000/dec/28/india.kashmir.
239 not be much of a concern: Peter Bergen, “The terrorists among us,” ForeignPolicy.com, November 19, 2009.
239 American-born cleric: “Sudarsan Raghavan, “Cleric says he was confidant to Hasan,” Washington Post, November 16, 2009.
239 “was asking for an edict”: Anwar al-Awlaki, interview by Abdelela Haidar Shayie, AlJazeera.net, December 23, 2009. Translation by Middle East Media Research Institute, http://www.memrijttm.org/content/en/report.htm?report=3859%26param=GJN.
239 strippers: Joseph Rhee, “Accused Fort Hood shooter was a regular at shooting range, strip club,” ABC News, November 16, 2009. http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/accused-fort-hood-shooter-nidal-hasan-visited-strip/story?id=9090116.
239 filmed at a convenience store: Maria Newman and Michael Brick, “Neighbor says Hasan gave belongings away before attack,” New York Times, November 7, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/07/U.S./07suspect.html; “the color white”: David Cook, Martyrdom in Islam (Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 117.
240 “I am going to do God’s work”: Scott Shane and James Dao, “Investigators study tangle of clues on Fort Hood suspect,” New York Times, November 14, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/15/U.S./15hasan.html.
240 shouted at the top of his lungs: Sanjay Gupta on Anderson Cooper 360, interview with Logan Burnette, November 11, 2009. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/
0911/11/acd.01.html.
240 U.S. military recruiting station: District Court of Little Rock, Arkansas, County of Pulaski, Affidavit for Search and Seizure Warrant. http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/
case_docs/988.pdf.
240 According to federal prosecutors: USA v Daniel Patrick Boyd et al Indictment in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, filed 7/22/09 http://www.investigativeproject.org/
documents/case_docs/1029.pdf; and the superseding indictment in the same case dated September 24, 2009. http://www.investigativeproject.org
/documents/case_docs/1075.pdf.
241 told a government informant: NEFA Foundation report, “Fort Dix Plot,” January 2008. http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/
fortdixplot.pdf.
241 an array of automatic weapons: USA vs Mohamad Ibrahim Shnewer, Dritan Duka, Eljvir Duka, Shain Duka, Serdar Tatar U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey, Criminal No 07-459. http://www.investigativeproject.org/documents/
case_docs/564.pdf.
241 “exactly what we are looking for”: USA vs Mohamad Ibrahim Shnewer Criminal Complaint U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey filed May 7, 2007, p. 11.
241 “Al-Qaeda in California”: USA vs Kevin James et al U.S. District Court for the Central District of California Case No. CR 05-214-CJC and exhibits. http://www.investigativeproject.org/
documents/case_docs/1089.pdf.
241 James’s crew planned: USA vs Kevin James et al op. cit.
242 at least twenty: New York University Center on Law and Security 2009 op. cit., and New American Foundation dataset on domestic jihadist terrorism cases, publication forthcoming.
242 “Homegrown terrorists”: “U.S. fears home-grown terror threat,” BBC News, June 24, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/
5112354.stm.
242 smoked a great deal of weed: Abby Goodnough, “Trial starts for men in plot to destroy Sears Tower,” New York Times, October 3, 2007, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/03/U.S./
nationalspecial3/03liberty.html.
242 A government informant: Abby Goodnough, “Trial starts for men in plot to destroy Sears Tower,” New York Times, October 3, 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/03/U.S./
nationalspecial3/03liberty.html; “three times”: “5 convicted in Liberty City terror trial,” CNN.com, May 12, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/05/12/liberty.s
even/index.html.
243 largely ghettoized: Abdirahman Mukhtar, testimony before the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, March 11, 2009. http://hsgac.senate.gov/
public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_
id=c762508c-3694-4894-808a-229fafb1d8d9.
243 truck driver: TIME magazine profile by Claire Suddath, July 24, 2009, http://www.time.com/time/nation/
article/0,8599,1912512,00.html; and Michael Powell, “U.S. recruit reveals how Qaeda trains foreigners,” New York Times, July 23, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/
2009/07/24/nyregion/24terror.html.
243 illegal immigrants: “Fort Dix six allegedly had bomb recipes, made fun of U.S.,” ABC News, May 10, 2007. http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=
3160739&page=1.
244 “they are not interested”: Joel Roberts, CBS News, June 18, 2006. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/06/18/terror
/main1726666.shtml.
244 as many as two thousand: Michael Evans, “MI5’s spymaster Jonathan Evans comes out of the shadows,” Times of London, January 7, 2009. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/
news/uk/article5462528.ece.
245 hiring an additional two thousand intelligence analysts: Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Intelligence” fact sheet, http://www.fbi.gov/aboutus/
transformation/intelligence.htm; Federal Bureau of Investigation, “By the numbers” fact sheet, http://www.fbi.gov/page2/
september06/numbers090606.htm; just 16 names: Reuters, “U.S. lacked data to put suspect on no-fly list,” December 26, 2009. http://www.reuters.com/article/
idusN2613148620091227.
245 “multiple terrorist risk factors”: Scott Shane and Lowell Bergman, “Adding up the ounces of prevention,” New York Times, September 10, 2006. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/10/
weekinreview/10shane.html; “suicide bombing in Hilla”: Scott Macleod, “A jihadist’s tale,” Time, March 28, 2005. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/
article/0.9171.1042473.00.html; and Charlotte Buchen, “The man turned a
way,” PBS Frontline, “The Enemy Within,” http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/enemywithin/reality/
al-banna.html.
246 More than a third: Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon, The Next Attack (New York: Macmillan, 2006), p. 119.
Chapter 15
247 “Only jihad”: “Profile: Baitullah Mehsud,” BBC News, December 28, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/
south_asia/7163626.stm.
248 military-jihadi complex: Barnett Rubin, an American expert on Afghanistan, uses this term.
248 on the Pakistani side: BBC In Depth, “The Future of Kashmir?” http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/
kashmir_future/html/.
248 several of their leaders: Ahmed Rashid, Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil & Fundamentalism in Central Asia (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001), p. 90.
248 hub of jihadist violence: United States Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism, Chapter 8: Foreign Terrorist Organizations, April 28, 2006. http://www.state.gov/s/ct
/rls/crt/2005/65275.htm; bombing of a Sheraton hotel: BBC News, “Analysis: Pakistan searches for blast leads,” June 14, 2002, http://news.bbc.co.uk
/2/hi/south_asia/2045045.stm; three separate attacks: BBC News, “Pakistan bomb kills U.S. diplomat,” March 2, 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_
asia/4765170.stm; CNN.com, “Karachi consulate shooting kills 2,” February 28, 2003. http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/
south/02/28/karachi.shooting/.; “Karachi riot kills six after suicide attack,” International Herald Tribune, June 1, 2005. http://www.iht.com/articles/
2005/06/01/news/mosque.php.
249 This would make Pearl: Mariane Pearl blames a story by the Pakistani journalist Kamran Khan in The News on January 30, 2002 for making public that her husband was Jewish. Mariane Pearl, A Mighty Heart (New York: Scribner, 2004), p. 146.
249 reporting on the various Pakistani militant groups: The French intellectual Bernard-Henri Levy published a 2003 book about Pearl’s kidnapping titled Who Killed Daniel Pearl? In his account Levy advanced the theory that Pearl was killed because he had stumbled upon secrets of Pakistan’s nuclear program. There is no convincing evidence for this claim. See Bernard-Henri Levy, Who Killed Daniel Pearl? (New York: Melville House, 2003), pp. 440–443.
249 set out to interview Fuqra’s founder: Mariane Pearl op. cit., pp. 24–25.
250 “dropped in to talk”: Author interview with Jameel Yusuf, Karachi, Pakistan, January 2003. “It was a prepaid telephone card”: Author interview with Jameel Yusuf.
250 “National Movement”: Mariane Pearl op. cit., pp. 104–106.
250 The FBI also dispatched: Mariane Pearl op. cit., p. 106; murdered by three Arab men, p. 198.
251 surrendered to Brigadier Ejaz Shah: Mariane Pearl op. cit., p. 182.
251 KSM has claimed: BBC News, “Key 9/11 figure ‘beheaded Pearl,’” March 15, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/
americas/6455307.stm.; and author interview with Fouda op. cit.
251 an interview with both KSM and Ramzi Binalshibh: Fouda and Fielding op. cit., p. 72.
251 an unusual offer: Fouda and Fielding op. cit., p. 36; and author interview with Yosri Fouda, London, 2002.
252 “you look familiar”: Yosri Fouda interview.
252 “They are right”: Yosri Fouda interview.
252 “too many volunteers”: Yosri Fouda interview op. cit.
252 “a very old concept”: Ramzi Binalshibh in Al Jazeera documentary, “The Road to September 11,” September 11, 2002.
252 nuclear power plants: Author interview with Yosri Fouda.
253 On September 11, 2002: David Rohde, “Karachi raid provides hint of Qaeda’s rise in Pakistan,” New York Times, September 14, 2002. http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/15/
world/threats-responses-karachi-karachi
-raid-provides-hint-qaeda-s-rise-pakistan.html; “slipped away to Quetta”: “Top al-Qaeda operative caught in Pakstan,” CNN.com, March 1, 2003, http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/
south/03/01/pakistan.arrests/.
253 “What the fuck”: Author interview with a Western diplomat, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2003.
253 “I am with KSM”: Scott Shane, “Inside a 9/11 mastermind’s interrogation,” New York Times, June 22, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/
washington/22ksm.html.
253 the CIA gave the Associated Press a photo: Tenet op. cit., p. 252.
253 “personal signature trail”: Author interview with senior U.S. intelligence official, Washington, D.C., 2003.
253 a trove of information: Department of Defense, Verbatim Transcript of Combatant Status Review Trial, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, March 10, 2007. http://www.defenselink.mil/news/
transcript_ISN10024.pdf.
254 Pakistan handed over: Pervez Musharraf, In the Line of Fire: A Memoir (New York: Free Press, 2008), p. 237.
254 “creative young engineers”: Robert Dannenberg, December 17, 2009, Manhattan, New York.
254 And so al-Qaeda: Dannenberg interview op. cit.; decided to leave Karachi: Department of Defense, Detainee Biographies, Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani. http://www.defenselink.mil/pdf/
detaineebiographies1.pdf, p. 2.
254 “wild and merciless fanaticism”: Winston Churchill, The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898), p. 5.
255 female literacy rate: Jane Perlez, “Aid to Pakistan in tribal areas raises concerns,” New York Times, July 16, 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/16/world/
asia/16pakistan.html.
255 the compounds in which they live: Author observations over the course of many trips to FATA since 1983.
255 more than two thousand: Author interview with intelligence official, Washington, D.C., 2008.
255 around 100 to 150 members: Author interview with U.S. intelligence official, Washington, D.C., 2008.
255 Powell was visiting Islamabad: “U.S. has come to stay, Powell tells Afghans: South Waziristan operation praised,” Dawn, March 18, 2004. http://www.dawn.com
/2004/03/18/top13.htm.
255 “high value target”: “Pakistani sources: Zawahiri surrounded,” CNN.com, March 18, 2004. http://www.cnn.com/
2004/WORLD/asiapcf
/03/18/pakistan.alqaeda/index.html. And for an account of those operations see Zahid Hussein, Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Militant Islam (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), pp. 143–148.
256 filmed their executions: Author observation of Taliban videos by Umar production company; Hayat Ullah Khan, a fixer for PBS’s Frontline who was killed in the FATA in 2006. “A journalist in the tribal areas,” PBS Frontline, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline
/taliban/tribal/hayatullah.html.
256 where Mullah Omar: U.S. intelligence officials, multiple interviews by author, 2006–2008.
256 two out of Pakistan’s four: Election results can be found at Adam Carr, Election Archive, Legislative Election of 10 October 2002. http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries
/p/pakistan/pakistan2002.txt.
256 power-hungry officer: PBS NewsHour, Gwen Ifill, April 30, 2002. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/
middle_east/jan-june02/vote_4-30.html.
256 banned the militant Kashmiri groups: “Musharraf bans Lashkar, Jaish; wants dialogue on Kashmir,” Rediff.com, January 12, 2002. http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/
jan/12mush.htm.
257 to the brink of war: Steve Coll, “The Stand-off,” The New Yorker, February 13, 2006, is the best account of this episode.
257 target of their wrath: Musharraf op. cit., pp. 245–256; and Salman Masood, “Pakistani leader escapes attempt at assassination,” New York Times, December 26, 2003.
257 specifically calling for attacks on Musharraf: “Arab networks air al Qaeda tape,” CNN.com, September 29, 2003, http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/
meast/09/28/alzawahiri.
tape/index.html.
257 Red Mosque: Peter Bergen, “Red Dawn: Musha
rraf’s enemies close in,” The New Republic, July 23, 2007. http://www.newamerica.net/publications/
articles/2007/musharrafs_
enemies_close_5816.
258 “We will resist”: Abdul Rashid Ghazi interview with author, Islamabad, Pakistan, May 4, 2007.
258 Ghazi was killed: “Pakistan militant cleric killed,” BBC News, July 10, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south
_asia/6288704.stm.
258 ambassador intervened: Howard French, “Mosque siege reveals Chinese connection,” International Herald Tribune, July 12, 2007. http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/07/12/
asia/letter.php.
258 rallying cry: Bruce Riedel, “Al-Qaeda’s resurgence in Pakistan,” West Point, Combating Terrorism Center Sentinel (December 2007).
258 filled with comfortable villas: Author observations, Islamabad, Pakistan, 1983–2009.
259 lawyers: “Pakistan judge row sparks arrests,” BBC, March 26, 2007, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/
south_asia/6494971.stm; “most prominently Geo Television”: The Times of India, March 16, 2007, http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/
article.asp?parentid=65974.
259 “We were showing police”: Hamid Mir, interview by author, Islamabad, Pakistan, May 2 2007. And CNN-IBN, March 16, 2007, http://www.newssafety.com/
hotspots/countries/pakistan/
miscagencies/pakistan160307.htm.
259 to emulate neighboring India: The highest priorities for Pakistanis were free elections, free press and independent judiciary. Terror Free Tomorrow, “Results of a new nationwide public opinion survey before the June 2008 Pakistani by-elections,” June 2008. http://www.terrorfreetomorrow.org/
upimagestft/PakistanPoll
ReportJune08.pdf.
260 a constant barrage of calls: “Rice calls Musharraf over emergency rule,” Agence France Presse, November 5, 2007; declared emergency rule: Griff Witte, “Musharraf declares emergency rule in Pakistan,” Washington Post, November 7, 2004.
260 “I admire your courage”: George W. Bush, quoted in “Bush unaware of Musharraf’s contention,” Associated Press, September 23, 2006. http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2006-09-22-
The Longest War Page 57
