by Avi Shlaim
Toukan, Ahmad, as prime minister 335
Toukan, Alia see Alia, Queen
Toukan, Baha Uddin, Jordanian ambassador to Egypt 43, 355
Toukan, Salah, minister of finance 118
Toukan, Suleiman 50
murdered in Baghdad 166
trade unions, disbanded 149
Transjordan
British mandate over 10
as part of Greater Syria 10
Abdullah’s claim to 11–12
Abdullah as Amir of 13
independence (1922) 14
1928 Treaty 17
geography of 17–18
formal independence (1946) 20
see also Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of
Trevelyan, Sir Humphrey, ambassador to Cairo 77–8, 84
Tripp, Peter, FCO 328
Troutbeck, Sir John 116
Turaba, battle of (1919) 15
Turkey
Baghdad Pact 76, 82
see also Ottoman Empire
Turkish National Assembly, abolition of
caliphate (1924) 15
Unified National Command (UNC) 453, 457–8
United Arab Command 203, 204, 212, 234
Herzog’s view of 213–14
United Arab Emirates 410, 412
United Arab Kingdom plan (1970–71) 341–52
compared with Reagan Plan 418
United Arab Republic (1963) (Egypt, Iraq and Syria) 189
and military build-up 210–211
United Arab Republic (UAR), merger of Syria and Egypt 153–4
and blockade of Jordan 169, 170
collapse of 178–9
United Nations 195
and plan for partition of Palestine 24, 26
proposal for Jerusalem (1949) 32 and Suez 120
and Iraqi revolution 168–70
General Assembly Resolution on integrity of states (1958) 169
observer at Madrid Conference 513
Security Council: and Samu’ incident 226, 228; June War ceasefire 246–7, 250; draft resolutions (1967) 268, 269; Resolution 242 (1967) 272–4, 287, 289–90, 371, 424,
612; Resolution 383 (1973) 371; embargo
on Iraq 483; Resolution 660 (1990)
483; Resolution 661 (1990) 484;
Resolution 678 (1990) 493–4
United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) 236
United Nations Truce Supervisory Organization (UNTSO) 241
United States
and Iraqi revolution 162
Hussein’s official visits 173–4, 206–7
divisions between State Department and White House 309–10, 322–3
economic aid for West Bank 435
address to Congress by Hussein and Rabin 538
and Israel 163, 217, 284–5; and raid on Samu’228–34; influence on 255, 266–7; inability to restrain over Lebanon 419–20, 421; change in view of American Jewry 455; pressure on Netanyahu 565
and Jordan 122, 167; military aid agreements 76, 217, 232–3; support under Eisenhower Doctrine 127, 132, 144; economic aid for 169, 174, 207, 214, 488, 509; and request for aircraft and tanks 210–211, 216; after June War 255–6, 269–70, 275–6; restoration of relations with 508–10, 545–6, 547; and cancellation of debt 534–5, 538, 539
and Suez crisis 114–15
support for Hussein 137, 167, 255
policy towards Middle East 159, 296–7, 408–9, 471–2
support for Nasser 177–8, 197–8
and revolution in Yemen 189
support for Ba’th 198
and June War ceasefire 247, 248
and Jordanian-Israeli peace negotiations 266, 284–5, 295–6, 526
and Jordanian civil war 329–30
and Jordan’s rejection of Camp David Accords 405–6
reaction to Amman Accords 427
and PLO 429, 432, 455
and supply of arms to Iran 435–6
and Operation Desert Storm 502–4
and Madrid Conference 513, 516–17
United States Army, 82nd Airborne Division 330
United States Navy, Sixth Fleet 167, 330, 417
Vance, Cyrus, and Camp David Accords 401, 402
Veliotis, Nicholas, US envoy to Hussein 418
Versailles peace conference (1919) 6, 9–10
Victoria College, Alexandria 42–3, 54
Viets, Richard, US ambassador to Amman 414–15
Wadi Araba 541
al-Wahadat refugee camp, Amman 316, 325
Wahbah, Mjali 575
Wahhabi movement 15, 16–17
Waldheim, Kurt, UN secretary-general 372
Washington Declaration 536–40
al-Wazir, Khalil (Abu Jihad) 433, 434
Weizman, Ezer 244, 363, 393, 413
as President of Israel 540, 553, 569–70, 607
Weizmann, Chaim, negotiations with Abdullah 23–4
‘welfare capitalism’185
West Bank
Israeli retaliation raids (from 1951) 67
raid on Qibya (1953) 71–4
Glubb’s defence strategy 98–9
declaration of martial law (1957) 140
support for Nasser 157
Ben-Gurion’s designs on 163, 167
PLO and 204
Hussein’s tour of 205
Jordanian army in 213
proposals on demilitarization 217, 221, 349
proposal for limited autonomy 218–19
Palestinian ‘popular resistance’ units 219
demonstrations over Samu’ attack 226–7
loss of (June War 1967) 245–8, 306, 612
economic importance to Jordan 254, 532, 533
Israeli claims to 256, 293, 295
Israeli view of 300–301
Jordanian disengagement 340, 457–9, 461, 462–5, 613
Israeli settlements 341, 349, 356, 399, 401, 419
and United Arab Kingdom plan 341–2, 343, 344, 349
Israeli military control over 356
proposals for Israeli-Jordanian condominium 382, 383
Jordanian links with 386, 464
economic development 433–4, 435
declaration of independence 467
violence over Al-Aqsa Mosque 562
and Hebron Protocol 565–6
violence over Har Homa settlement 570
see also Occupied Territories; Palestinians
West Bank Development Plan 433–4, 435, 462
Wilson, Harold, British prime minister 248–9, 257, 264–5, 308
women, enfranchisement 476
Woodward, Bob, on CIA support for Hussein 146–8
World Bank 405
Yariv, Major-General Aharon, report on fighting in Amman 317
Yarmouk River, Mukheiba dam project 211–12, 214–15
Yassin, Shaikh Ahmed, Hamas founder 466, 574, 576
Yatom, General Danny, head of Mossad 572, 576, 579
Yemen 268
civil war (1962) 188–9
see also North Yemen
Yishuv, Jewish community in Palestine 24
Yom Kippur War see October War (1973)
Yost, Charles, US permanent representative to UN 309
Young Turks’ Revolution (1908) 2
Zaid bin Hussein, Prince 319–20
Za’im, Husni 48, 62
Zain bint Jamil, Sharifa (1916–94) (mother) 38, 40, 189
political influence 50, 141, 175
and succession of Talal 51, 52
and brother Nasser bin Jamil 56, 61
influence as queen mother 59–60, 113, 175
disapproval of Dina 91–2, 93, 96
jealousy of Zaid bin Shaker 99–100
and relations with Britain 125
and relations with Saudi Arabia 125
view of Syria 176, 177
and Muna 183
and contacts with Israelis 193, 194, 195
Zain, Princess 183, 551
Zamir, Zvi, head of Mossad 308, 361, 362–3, 369
Zarqa Affair (
mutiny) 130–39
conflicting accounts of 133–9
Zaza, Lieutenant-Colonel Bader 391
Ze’evi, Rehavam 331
Zeira, Major-General Eli 308–9, 364
Zionism 8, 9
Zionists
and Balfour Declaration 23–4
view of Abdullah 27–8, 47–8
view of Jerusalem 258
Zorlu, Fetim, Turkish foreign minister 82
Zurhellen, Owen, US deputy chief in Tel Aviv 313
