1125–6
Raid of Alfonso I of Aragon into Andalusia
1128–9
Crusade to the East recruited by Hugh of Payns
1129
(Jan.) Recognition of the Templars by the Council of Troyes
(Nov.) Crusaders attack Damascus
1135
(May) Council of Pisa. Crusade indulgences offered to those taking up arms against the anti-pope and the Normans in southern Italy
1139–40
Crusade to the East
1144
(24 Dec.) Fall of Edessa to the Muslims
1145
(1 Dec.) Pope Eugenius III proclaims the Second Crusade in the bull Quantum praedecessores
1146–7
St Bernard of Clairvaux preaches the Second Crusade
1146
Persecution of Jews in the Rhineland
1147–9
The Second Crusade
1147
(13 Apr.) Pope Eugenius authorizes crusading in Spain and beyond the north-eastern frontier of Germany as well as to the East (24 Oct.) Capture of Lisbon
1148
(24–8 July) Withdrawal of the crusaders from the siege of Damascus
1149
(15 July) Consecration of the new church of the Holy Sepulchre
1153
Crusade in Spain
1154
(25 Apr.) Occupation of Damascus by Nur al-Din
1157–84
Series of papal calls to crusade in the East, answered by some small and medium-sized expeditions
1157–8
Crusade in Spain
1158
Foundation of the Order of Calatrava
1163–9
Expeditions to Egypt of King Amalric of Jerusalem
1169
Completion of redecoration of the church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, sponsored by the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I, King Amalric of Jerusalem, and Bishop Ralph of Bethlehem
(23 Mar.) Egypt submits to Saladin, acting on behalf of Nur al-Din
1170
Foundation of the Order of Santiago
1171
Crusade in the Baltic region
1172
(10 Sept.) ‘Abbasid caliphate proclaimed in Egypt by Saladin
c.1173
Foundation of the Order of Montegaudio
1174
(15 May) Death of Nur al-Din
(28 Oct.) Saladin takes over Damascus
1175
Crusade in Spain
c.1176
Foundation of the Orders of Avis (as the Order of Evora) and Alcántara (as the Order of San Julián del Peirero)
1177
Crusade to the East of Philip of Flanders
1183
(11 June) Aleppo submits to Saladin
1186
(3 Mar.) Mosul submits to Saladin
1187
(4 July) Battle of Hattin
(2 Oct.) Jerusalem taken by Saladin
(29 Oct.) Pope Gregory VIII proclaims the Third Crusade in the bull Audita tremendi
1188
(Jan.) Imposition of the Saladin Tithe in England
1189–92
The Third Crusade
1189
(3 Sept.) Fall of Silves in Portugal to crusaders
1190
(10 June) Drowning of the Emperor Frederick I in Cilicia
1191
(June) Richard I of England takes Cyprus
(12 July) Capitulation of Acre to Richard I of England and Philip II of France
(7 Sept.) Battle of Arsuf
1192
(2 Sept.) Treaty of Jaffa
1193–1230
The Livonian Crusade (renewed 1197, 1199)
1193
Crusade in Spain
1197–8
German Crusade to Palestine
1197
Crusade in Spain
1198
Foundation of the Teutonic Order
(Aug.) Pope Innocent III proclaims the Fourth Crusade
1199
(24 Nov.) Proclamation of the Crusade against Markward of Anweiler
(Dec.) Taxation of the Church for crusaders instituted
c.1200
Foundation of the Order of San Jorge de Alfama
1202
Establishment of the Order of Swordbrethren
1202–4
The Fourth Crusade
1202
(24 Nov.) Crusaders take Zara
1204
Pope Innocent allows recruitment for the Livonian Crusade on a regular basis
(12–15 Apr.) Sack of Constantinople by crusaders
(9 May) Baldwin of Flanders elected first Latin emperor of Constantinople
1204–5
Conquest of the Peloponnese by Geoffrey of Villehardouin and William of Champlitte
1206
Danish Crusade to Ösel
1208
(14 Jan.) Assassination of Peter of Castelnau, the papal legate in Languedoc
Proclamation of the Albigensian Crusade
1209–29
The Albigensian Crusade
1209
(22 July) Sack of Béziers
1211
King of Hungary gives the Teutonic Order a march in Transylvania
1212
The Children’s Crusade
Crusade in Spain
(17 July) Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
1213
(Apr.) Pope Innocent III proclaims the Fifth Crusade. The Spanish and Albigensian Crusades are downgraded in favour of the eastern theatre of war
(12 Sept.) Battle of Muret
1215
Order of Preachers (Dominicans) in Toulouse
(14 Dec.) The constitution Ad liberandam agreed by the Fourth Lateran Council, permitting regular taxation of the Church for crusading
1216
(28 Oct.) King Henry III of England takes the cross against English rebels
1217–29
The Fifth Crusade
1218
(27 May–5 Nov. 1219) Siege of Damietta
1219
Danish Crusade to Estonia
1221
(30 Aug.) Crusaders in Egypt defeated at al-Mansura
1225
Teutonic Order invited to Prussia
1226
Albigensian Crusade renewed
1227
Crusade authorized against heretics in Bosnia (renewed in 1234)
1228–9
Crusade of the Emperor Frederick II (last act of the Fifth Crusade)
1229–33
Civil War in Cyprus
1229
(18 Feb.) Jerusalem restored to Christians by treaty
(12 Apr.) Peace of Paris ends Albigensian Crusade Teutonic Order begins conquest of Prussia
1229–53
Crusade in Spain
1229–31
Crusade of James I of Aragon to Mallorca
1231
Crusade of John of Brienne in aid of Constantinople
Crusade of Ferdinand III of Castile in Spain
1232–4
Crusade against the Stedinger heretics in Germany
1232–53
Conquest of Valencia by James I of Aragon
1236
Proclamation of a new crusade in support of Constantinople
(29 June) Ferdinand III of Castile takes Córdoba
1237
Teutonic Order absorbs Swordbrethren in Livonia
1239–40
Crusade in aid of Constantinople
1239–41
Crusades of Thibaut of Champagne and Richard of Cornwall
1239
Proclamation of the Crusade against the Emperor Frederick II (renewed 1240, 1244)
Swedish Crusade to Finland
1241
Proclamation of the Crusade against the Mongols (renewed 1243, 1249)
1242
First Prussian Revolt against the Teutonic Order
(5 Apr.) Battle on Lake Peipus
1244
(16 Mar.) Fall of Montségur
(11 July–23 Aug.) Fall of Jerusalem to the Khorezmians
(17 Oct.) Battle of La Forbie
1245
Teutonic Order permitted to wage a permanent crusade in Prussia
1248–54
First Crusade of St Louis (King Louis IX of France)
1248
(Oct.) Aachen taken by crusaders engaged against Frederick II
(23 Nov.) Seville taken by Ferdinand III of Castile
1249
(6 June) Capture of Damietta
1250
(8 Feb.) Crusaders in Egypt defeated at al-Mansura
1250–4
St Louis in Palestine
1251
First Crusade of the Shepherds
1254
Crusade to Prussia of King Ottokar II of Bohemia, Rudolf of Habsburg and Otto of Brandenburg. Foundation of Königsberg
1255
Crusades preached against Manfred of Staufen and against Ezzelino and Alberic of Romano
1256–8
War of St Sabas in Acre
1258
(10 Feb.) Mongols sack Baghdad
1259
Latins of Achaea defeated by the Greeks in the Battle of Pelagonia
1260
Livonian Teutonic Knights defeated by the Lithuanians in the Battle of Durbe
Second Prussian revolt
Castilian Crusade to Salé in Morocco
(3 Sept.) Battle of Ayn Jalut
(23 Oct.) Baybars becomes sultan of Egypt
1261
(25 July) Greeks reoccupy Constantinople
1265–6
Crusade of Charles of Anjou to southern Italy
1266
(26 Feb.) Battle of Benevento
1268
(18 May) Fall of Antioch to Mamluks
1268
(23 Aug.) Battle of Tagliacozzo
1269–72
Second Crusade of St Louis
1269
Aragonese crusade to Palestine
1270
(25 Aug.) Death of St Louis in Tunisia
1271–2
Edward of England in Palestine
1274
(18 May) Crusade decree Constitutiones pro zelofidei of Second Council of Lyons
c.1275
Foundation of the Order of Santa María de España
1277
(Sept.) Vicar of Charles of Anjou, who had bought crown of Jerusalem from a pretender, arrives in Acre. Kingdom of Jerusalem split.
1282
(30 Mar.) Sicilian Vespers
1283–1302
Crusade against Sicilians and Aragonese
1285
French Crusade against Aragon
1286
(4 June) Kingdom of Jerusalem reunited under King Henry II of Cyprus
1287
(18 June) Crusade to the East of Alice of Blois
1288
Crusade to the East of John of Grailly
1289
(26 Apr.) Tripoli falls to the Mamluks
1290
Crusades to East of Otto of Grandson and North Italians
1291
(18 May) Acre falls to the Mamluks
(July) Sidon and Beirut fall
(Aug.) Christians evacuate Tortosa and Château Pélerin
1302
Muslims take island of Ruad from Templars
Latin rule in Jubail probably ends
(31 Aug.) Treaty of Caltabellotta
1306
Hospitallers begin invasion of Rhodes
1306–7
Crusade against followers of Fra Dolcino in Piedmont
1307
Crusade proclaimed in support of Charles of Valois’s claims to Constantinople
(13 Oct.) Arrest of all Templars in France
1309
Popular Crusade
Teutonic Order moves headquarters to Marienburg in Prussia
1309–10
Castilian and Aragonese Crusade in Spain
Crusade against Venice
1310
Hospitaller Crusade consolidates hold on Rhodes
1311
Hospitaller headquarters now established on Rhodes
(15 Mar.) Battle of Halmyros (River Kephissos). Catalan Company assumes control of Athens and Thebes
1312
(3 Apr.) Order of the Knights Templar suppressed
(2 May) Pope Clement V grants most Templar properties to the Hospitallers
1314
Crusade in Hungary (renewed 1325, 1332, 1335, 1352, 1354)
(18 Mar.) The last Templar master, James of Molay, and Geoffrey of Charney burnt
1317
Foundation of the Order of Montesa
1319
Foundation of the Order of Christ
1320
Second Crusade of the Shepherds
1321
Crusade against Ferrara, Milan and the Ghibellines in the march of Ancona and duchy of Spoleto (extended to cover Mantua in 1324)
1323
Norwegian Crusade against the Russians in Finland
1325
Crusade in Poland (renewed 1340, 1343, 1351, 1354, 1355, 1363, 1369)
1327
Crusade planned against Cathars in Hungary
1328
Crusade proclaimed against King Louis IV of Germany
Crusade in Spain
1330
Crusade planned against Catalan Athens
1331
New Crusade to the East proclaimed
1332–4
First Crusade League
1334
Ships of Crusade League defeat Turks in Gulf of Adramyttion
1337
Ayas falls to Mamluks
1340
Crusade against heretics in Bohemia
(30 Oct.) Battle of River Salado
1342–4
Siege of Algeçiras
1344
Crusade to Canary Islands planned
(28 Oct.) Crusade League occupies Smyrna
1345–7
Crusade of Humbert, dauphin of Viennois
1345
Crusade of Genoese to defend Kaffa against the Mongols
1348
Crusade of King Magnus of Sweden to Finland (renewed 1350, 1351)
1349–50
Siege of Gibraltar
1353–7
Crusade to regain control of the Papal State in Italy
1354
Proposal of crusade to Africa
Crusade against Cesena and Faenza
1359
Crusade League defeats Turks at Lampsakos
1360
Crusade against Milan (renewed 1363, 1368)
1365–7
Crusade of King Peter I of Cyprus
1365
(10 Oct.) Alexandria taken and held for six days by Peter of Cyprus
1366
(Aug.–Dec.) Crusade of Amadeus of Savoy to Dardanelles and Bulgaria
1374
Hospitallers take over defence of Smyrna
1377
Achaea leased to the Hospitallers for five years, leading to the rule of the Navarrese Company
1378
Capture of the Hospitaller master Juan Fernández de Heredia by the Albanians
1379
Navarrese Company takes Thebes
1383
Crusade of the bishop of Norwich against the Clementists in Flanders
1386
Crusade of John of Gaunt in Castile
Union of Poland and Lithuania. The conversion of Lithuania to Christianity under way
1390
Crusade to Mahdia
1394
Crusade of Nicopolis proclaimed
1396
A History of the Crusades Page 46
