by Anne Edwards
“on the bunting”: Ibid, p. 19.
“I went over to look”: Berry, August 1982.
“All the ballrooms”: Carter, Rosalynn, p. 148.
“‘Are you having”: Ibid.
346“At each party”: Ibid.
“I’ll tell you”: Berry, August 1982.
“I like him”: The Country Almanac, Woodside, spring, 1977.
347 “Well, we arrived”: Nancy Majors Voorheis, PI.
“We talked and talked”: Ibid.
“We had plenty”: San Mateo Times, October 8, 1977.
“Conversation is”: Ibid.
“I need not remind”: Ibid.
348“I’ve done all that”: LA Times, February 7, 1978.
“When you start”: Ibid.
349“Success has never”: Variety, December 13, 1978.
“I think the only”: Ibid.
“Just wait”: Ibid.
“There are no Democrats”: Ibid.
“I liked it”: Ibid.
350“wearing a bright”: Moore, p. 64.
“looked like the kind”: Ibid.
“I don’t have”: Ibid, p. 184.
351“Frankly, I don’t”: Variety, December 14, 1981.
“abhorrent practice”: Peninsula Times, June 1, 1986.
352“That’s why”: Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
“This is really”: Ibid.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
Allvine, Glendon. The Greatest Fox of Them All. New York: Lyle Stuart, Inc., 1969.
APTER, DAVID. Ghana in Transition. New York: Atheneum, 1963.
BASINGER, JEANINE. Shirley Temple. New York: Pyramid Publications, 1975.
BEST, MARC. Those Endearing Young Charms: Child Performers of the Screen. New York: A.S. Barnes, 1971.
BICKFORD, CHARLES. Bulls, Balls, Bicycles & Actors. New York: Paul S. Eriksson, Inc., 1965.
BOGLE, DONALD. Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies and Bucks. New York: Viking Press, 1973.
BOOTHROYD, BASIL. Philip: An Informal Biography. Edinburgh, Scotland: T. & A. Constable Ltd., 1971.
BROWNLOW, KEVIN. The Parade's Gone By. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969.
BURDICK, LORAINE. The Shirley Temple Scrapbook. Middle Village, NY: Jonathan David Publishers, 1975.
BUSH, SARAH (SALLY) L., AND GENEVIEVE MERRILL. Atherton Lands. Atherton, CA: Bush, 1979.
BUSIA, DR. KOFI. The Challenge of Africa. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., 1962.
——. Africa In Search of Democracy. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., 1967.
CARTER, JIMMY. Keeping the Faith. London: William Collins, 1982.
CARTER, ROSALYNN. First Lady from Plains. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1984.
CARY, DIANA SERRA. Hollywood’s Children. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1979.
CHERICHETTI, DAVID. Hollywood Director, The Career of Mitchell Leisen. New York: Curtis Books, 1973.
COLEMAN, CHARLES M. P. G. & E. of California. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1953.
COOPER, JACKIE. Please Don’t Shoot My Dog. New York: Berkley Books (pb), 1984.
CROWTHER, BOSLEY. The Lion’s Share. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1957.
DAVID, LESTER, AND IRENE DAVID. The Shirley Temple Story. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1983.
DEMPSEY, DAVID, AND RAYMOND BALDWIN. The Triumphs and Trials of Lotta Crabtree. New York: William Morrow, 1968.
EBY, LOIS. Shirley Temple. Derby, CT: Monarch Books, Inc. (pb), 1962.
EDWARDS, ANNE. Early Reagan, New York: William Morrow, 1987.
FEDERAL WRITERS’ PROJECT OF THE WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION FOR THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA. California, A Guide to the Golden State. New York: Hastings House Publishers, 1939.
FORD, DAN. Pappy: The Life of John Ford. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1979.
GOODMAN, EZRA. The 50 Year Decline and Fall of Hollywood. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1961.
GREENE, GRAHAM. Graham Greene on Film: Collected Film Criticism, 1935–1939, 1972.
GUSSOW, MEL. Don’t Say Yes Until I Finish Talking: A Biography of Darryl Zanuck. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1971.
HALLIWELL, LESLIE. Halliwell’s Filmgoer’s Companion. 7th ed., New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1983.
——. Halliwell’s Film Guide. 4th ed., New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1985.
HILL, DILYS M., AND PHIL WILLIAMS. The Carter Years. London: Francis Pinter Publishers, 1980.
JAMES, C.L.R. Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolt. London: Allison & Busby, 1977.
JEWELL, RICHARD B., WITH VERNON HARBIN. The RKO Story. London: Octopus Books Limited, 1982.
JACOBS, LEWIS. The Rise of the American Film. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1968.
JOHNSON, PAUL. Modern Times. New York: Harper and Row, 1984.
KATZ, EPHRAIM. The Film Encyclopedia. New York: The Putnam Publishing Group, 1979.
KOTSILIBAS-DAVIS, JAMES, AND MYRNA LOY. Myrna Loy, Being and Becoming. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987.
KLINGENDER, F. D., AND STUART LEGG. Money Behind the Screen. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1937.
KNIGHT, ARTHUR. The Liveliest Art. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1957.
LAMB, DAVID. The Africans. London: Methuen, 1985.
LOCKWOOD, MARGARET. Lucky Star. London: Odhams Press Limited, 1955.
MACGOWAN, KENNETH. Behind the Screen. New York: Delacorte, 1965.
MALTIN, LEONARD, AND RICHARD W. BANN. Our Gang: The Life and Times of the Little Rascals. New York: Crown Publishers, 1977.
MAYO, MORROW. Los Angeles. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1932.
MINOTT, RODNEY G. The Sinking of the Lollipop: Shirley Temple vs. Pete McCloskey. San Francisco: Diablo Press Inc., 1968.
MOORE, DICK. Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1984.
MOSLEY, LEONARD. Zanuck. Boston: Little, Brown, 1984.
NESTEBY, JAMES R. Black Images in American Films, 1896–1954, The Interplay Between Civil Rights and Film Culture. New York: University Press, 1982.
NIVEN, DAVID. The Moon’s a Balloon. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1972.
NORRIS, BARBARA S., AND SALLY L. BUSH. Atherton Recollections. Atherton, CA: Town of Atherton, 1973.
NORRIS, KATHLEEN. Manhattan Love Song. New York: P. F. Collier, 1934.
PARRISH, ROBERT. Growing Up in Hollywood. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976.
PERRETT, GEOFFREY. A Dream of Greatness. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1979.
——. America in the Twenties. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982.
——. Days of Sadness, Years of Triumph. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1973.
PICKFORD, MARY. Sunshine and Shadow. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1955.
POWDERMAKER, HORTENSE. Hollywood: The Dream Factory. Boston: Little, Brown, 1950.
ROSTEN, LEO. Hollywood: The Movie Colony, The Movie Makers. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1941.
SELZNICK, DAVID. Memo from David Selznick. New York: Viking Press, 1972.
SMITH, PATRICIA R. Shirley Temple Dolls and Collectibles. Paducah, KY: Collector Books, 1977.
TEMPLE, SHIRLEY, as told to Max Trell. My Life and Times. Akron, OH: The Saalfield Publishing Company, 1936.
TEMPLE, SHIRLEY. My Young Life. Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing Co., 1945.
TYLER, PARKER. Magic and Myth of the Movies. New York: Henry Holt, 1947.
WATSON, DELMAR. Goin’ Hollywood, ed, Paul Arnold. Hollywood, CA: Delmar Watson Publisher, 1987.
WHEELER-BENNETT, JOHN. King George VI. London: Macmillan, 1958.
WILSON, EDMUND. The Thirties. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1980.
WINDELER, ROBERT. The Films of Shirley Temple. Secaucus, NJ: Citadel Press, 1978.
ZIEROLD, NORMAN J. The Child Stars. New York: Coward-McCann, 1965.
——. The Moguls. New York: Coward-McCann, 1969.
Reference Books
Current Biography, Who’s News and Why. New York: The H. W. Wilson Co., 1941.
Cur
rent Biography, Who’s News and Why. New York: The H. W. Wilson Co., 1950.
Periodicals/Magazines
Films in Review. December 1976: “Shirley Temple,” by R. Bowers, pp. 577–94.
Films in Review. May 1963: “Shirley Temple’s Films” p. 318, letters.
Jump Cut. July–Aug., 1974, “Shirley Temple and the House of Rockefeller,” by C. Eckert, pp. 1, 17–20.
Modern Screen. March 1945: “Life with Mother,” by Cynthia Miller, p. 34.
Motion Picture Magazine. July 1936: “The Life and Loves of Shirley Temple,” by Dorothy Spensley, p. 34.
——. September 1936: “What! No More Worlds for Shirley to Conquer?” p. 51.
Movieland. June 1944: “If You Were Shirley Temple,” by Jane Reid, p. 52.
——. January 1945: “This Is Myself,” Shirley Temple, p. 30.
——. May 1946: “Shirley Temple’s Advice to Margaret O’Brien,” as told to Dorothy O’Leary, p. 34.
——. November 1946: “First Year . . .” by Mickell Novak, p. 48.
——. September 1947: “2nd Wedding Anniversary,” by David C. McClure, p. 44.
——. May 1948: “John and Shirl,” by Helen Hover Weller, p. 20.
——. January 1950: “The Truth about Shirley and John,” p. 28.
——. April 1953: “Shirley—Love Comes First?” p. 46.
Movieland and TV Time. July 1958: “Let’s Visit Shirley Temple!” by Anne Dawson, p. 34.
Photoplay. April 1936: “The Amazing Temple Family,” by Kirtley Baskette, p. 14.
——. March 1937: “Protecting the Future of the Greatest Little Star,” by Michael Jackson, p. 26.
——. September 1937: “Myth Shirley Temple,” by Jack Smalley, p. 36.
——. November 1937: “The Answer to Shirley Temple’s Future,” by Dixie Willson, p. 24.
——. May 1938: “A Goddess Grows Up,” by Kirtley Baskette, p. 14.
——. January 1939: “Shirley Temple’s Last Letter to Santa,”, p. 9.
——. June 1944: “Shirley at the Turn of the Teens,” by Louella O. Parsons, p. 32.
——. March 1945: “Shirley in Short,” by Elsie Janis, p. 36.
——. July 1945: “The Love Story of Shirley and Her Sergeant,” by Ruth Waterbury, p. 56.
——. April 1946: “Super Matron,” by Maxine Arnold, p. 39.
——. September 1946: “Big Girl,” by Cameron Shipp, p. 57.
——. October 1946: “Act As If You’re Beautiful,” by Anita Colby, p. 48.
——. June 1947: “Ten Rules for a Happy Honeymoon,” by Shirley Temple Agar, p. 34.
——. March 1948: “For My Baby,” by Shirley Temple, p. 44.
——. August 1948: “Temple Lullaby,” by Louella O. Parsons, p. 33.
——. May 1949: “A Letter to My Daughter,” by Shirley Temple, p. 69.
——. August 1949: “Breakfast in Hollywood,” by Jack McElroy, p. 58.
——. December 1949: “What Happened to the Temple Marriage?” by Louella O. Parsons, p. 32.
——. February 1950: “This You Must Understand,” by Elsa Maxwell, p. 34.
——. November 1950: “Living Is Fun!” by Ida Zeitlin, p. 39.
——. February 1951: “Hawaiian Love Song,” by Roberta Ormiston, p. 33.
——. March 1951: “The House That Grew Up,” by Lyle Wheeler, p. 56.
——. June 1951: “Try, Try Again,” by Sheilah Graham, p. 52.
——. September 1952: “Shirley Won’t Come Back!” by Hedda Hopper, p. 52.
——. March 1958: “Why Shirley Came Back,” by L. Pollock, p. 57.
——. February 1960: “Mommy Did You Really Know Shirley Temple?” by Jane Ardmore, p. 44.
——. March 1962: “America Falls in Love Again!” by James Hoffman, p. 27.
——. February 1973: “How I Faced the Tragedy of Breast Cancer,” by Pat Rogalla, p. 30.
Screen Facts, No. 12 (Vol. 2, No. 6), 1965: “Shirley Temple,” by Gene Ringgold, p. 1, “Films of Shirley Temple,” p. 38.
Screen Guide. May 1947: “Shirley Temple: Part-time Star,” by Jon Leff, p. 60.
——. March 1948: “Shirley Temple—Young Mother,” by Marva Peterson, p. 26.
——. November 1949: “Fun in Your Own Backyard,” by Shirley Temple, p. 62.
Shadowplay. August 1934: p. 22.
Repositories
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, California
Bettmann Archive, New York
British Film Institute, London
George Eastman House, Rochester, New York
Government Documents Library, Seely G. Mudd Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
Museum of Broadcasting, New York
Radio Hutton Photographic Archive, London
Rex Features Photographic Archive, London
Twentieth Century-Fox Archives, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
United States Mission to the United Nations, New York
University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California Oral History Collections: Ralph Freud Collection: George Cukor, box 2; Roddy McDowall, box 16; Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne, box 12. Nunnally Johnson, 304/11, 481 pp. Gene Fowler on Myron Selznick, 1600, 1944-1973. Twentieth Century-Fox Archives
Warner Brothers, Universal Studios, and RKO Studios Film Archives, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
THIS BOOK DEPENDS IMMEASURABLY on those people who have been a part of Shirley Temple Black’s life and career, and who shared their memories so generously with me. Their fine recall and insight have enabled me to reconstruct the first sixty years of a woman who, I suspect, is one of the world’s best-loved citizens. I hope I have given a truthful picture of her life and the forces that shaped it. That is a biographer’s goal.
I owe a great debt to Mrs. Black’s life-long friend Nancy Majors Voorheis, and to John Agar, as well as to Marcia Mae Jones, Sybil Jason, Diana Serra Cary, Dick Moore, Jackie Cooper and Delmar Watson, who grew up on the sound stages of Hollywood with her. I am especially grateful, also, for the tremendous help of Alice Faye, Alex Gottlieb, Graham Greene, June Lang, Joseph LaShelle, George Montgomery, Laraine Day, Ginger Rogers, Gloria Stuart, Robert Young and Richard Zanuck, who figured strongly in her movie years.
The great joy of writing this book has been in researching the richness and variety of Shirley Temple Black’s experiences and accomplishments. Many people interviewed were so articulate and knowledgeable about her post-Hollywood years that their insight has made a considerable contribution to the story. These include former President Gerald R. Ford; Congressmen Dante B. Fascell and Paul McCloskey; members of Ambassador Black’s immediate staff in Ghana: Craig Baxter, Kenneth Bache, Ralph H. Graner, John (Jack) Linehan and William Rosner; and Sylvia Lowry and Evelyn Nielson of the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.
No biography can hope to create a solid, in-depth and accurate book without the aid of dedicated archivists and historians. I have been most fortunate to have had the assistance of: Leith Adams and Ned Comstock of the University of Southern California; Rose Sue Berstein and Amin Abdelsamad, United States Mission to the United Nations, New York, NY; Roger Bonilla, Palo Alto Main Library, Palo Alto, CA; Emily Boyles, San Francisco Public Library, San Francisco; Columbia University Oral History Department, New York, NY; Anne Gaiger and Brigette Kueppers, University of California at Los Angeles, CA; Ernest Conant, Kern County Historical Society, Bakersfield, CA; Debbie Cromwell, New Milford Public Library, New Milford, CT; Alan Hall, Jay Smith and Penny Vogel, San Mateo Public Library, San Mateo, CA; Robert C. Herr, Librarian, State of Hawaii Department of Education, Honolulu, Hawaii; June E. Hetz, Fairview, PA; Richard L. Holzhausen, Gerald R. Ford Library, Ann Arbor, MI; Phyllis W. Johnson, genealogist, Arlington, Virginia; Kristine L. Krueger, Los Angeles, CA; Peg Major, Editor, Santa Clara Magazine, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA; Harry Medved and Mark Locher, Screen Actors
Guild, Hollywood; Anthony Slide and Lisa Mosher, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Beverly Hills; Christine Munck, Redbook magazine, New York, NY; Margaret Olson, Mercer County Historical Society, Mercer, PA; Deidre Patty, San Mateo Historical Museum, San Mateo, CA; Jennifer Pawlowski, Tulsa City County Library System, Tulsa, OK; Nancy T. Peluso, Senior Librarian, Connecticut State Library, Hartford; Pat Perilli, British Film Institute, London; Sandra K. Peterson, Documents Librarian, Yale University Library, New Haven; Miriam Phelps, Research Librarian, Publishers Weekly, New York, NY; Marian Powers, Time magazine, New York City; Grace Reiner, Writers Guild of America West, Los Angeles; Charles Silver, the Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY; Barbara M. Soper, Librarian, Buffalo and Erie County Public Library, Buffalo, NY; Suzanne Sutton, Reference Coordinator, Palm Springs Public Library, Palm Springs, CA; Myrna Williamson, the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.; and Susan Gorman, Linda Zucca, Joey LaRoche and Teri Donley, Sherman, Connecticut.
I would also like to thank Carol Aramaki, Dole Packaged Foods Company, Honolulu, Hawaii; Michael J. Binkow, Fox, Inc., Los Angeles, CA; Melanie S. Illian, Director of Public Relations, Hotel Inter-Continental, New York, NY; David L. Jensen, Ampex Corporation, Redwood City, CA; Robert S. Poliner, State Chairman, Connecticut Republicans, East Hartford, CT; Jocelyn Clapp, Bettman Archives, New York, NY; Deborah Cohen, Time/Life, Inc., New York, NY; Maxine Fleckner Ducey, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Robert Gough, BBC Hulton Picture Library, London, England; and Jan-Christopher Horak and Kathleen MacRae, George Eastman House, Rochester, NY.
No author could have been more fortunate in the amount and quality of editorial enthusiasm and advice received. I am most grateful to Harvey Ginsberg at William Morrow, and to Carol O’Brien of Collins Publishers, London. I also want to extend my appreciation to Franklin Mount and Bernard Schleifer at Morrow, and to my cross-Atlantic agents, Mitchell Douglas of International Creative Management, New York, his assistant, Jerry Thomas, and Hilary Rubenstein of A. P. Watt, London.
There remains the necessity of acknowledging the private help that enabled me to get through the writing of this book. My secretary/assistant, Barbara Howland, who has now been with me for the span of six books and deserves a special medal; my friend, daughter-in-law and indefatigable researcher, Polly Brown Edwards; and my husband, Stephen Citron, whose participation and support of me and my work cannot be categorized. We are a sharing couple, and my writing—and his as well—are all part of this process.
