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Index
ABC News poll, 76n
Abel, C. T, 107
Abel, Ernest L., 65
abolitionist movement, 43, 46, 48
absenteeism of employees, impact of alcohol consumption on, 25–27, 26 (table), 28–29, 29 (table)
abstinence pledges, 44–45
addiction: and criminal risk-taking with price changes, 117, 119 (fig.), 119–20; and deterrent effect of punishment, 31; discovery of, 4, 58–59; and elasticity of demand with price changes, 117, 118 (figs.); extent of, 60n; and individual rationality, 10, 31, 35–38; infeasibility of prohibition as deterrent to, 144; and maintenance programs, 33, 34n, 64, 147–48; to patent medicines, 61, 141; and potency, 91; rehabilitation of, 31n, 33; as side-effect of war, 5, 57, 62, 64–65; solutions to, 152; utility of, 35–36, 37, 38
&
nbsp; ad valorem tax: effect on product attributes, 93–95; prohibition as, 97, 98–99
advertising, and market information, 78, 151
Afghanistan, 136n
Alchian, Armen A., 93, 94 (table)
alcohol: association of use with criminal behavior, 111, 115, 124–25; consumption patterns, 13–14, 20–21, 28, 29, 101–3, 103 (table), 104 (table), 124–25, 126, 145n; definition as poison, 52n; economic losses, 23–29; “grip,” 17–18; health risks, 73n, 104–5; home production, 21; increased potency under prohibition, 89, 90, 103–5; medicinal use, 52n; “normal use,” 18; potency absent prohibition, 91; regulation of markets, 40, 41–43, 51, 54–55, 69, 121–22, 140, 149; substitutes, 20–21, 28, 57–58, 60, 61n, 67; substitution for other drugs, 144n.3; utility of consumption, 36
alcohol, prohibition of, 86; association with crime and corruption, 112, 122–24, 126, 127, 133–35; changes in relative prices, 101–2, 102 (table); contemporary efforts to reintroduce, 39; costs, 23, 25, 27, 29, 100 (table), 100–101; creation of profit opportunities, 117, 123; demand relative to price differences, 102–3, 103 (table); discussion in economics texts, 10; dismissal of honest agents, 81–82; economists as defenders, 9, 11–23; effect on marijuana market, 67; enactment, 50, 55, 65; enforcement, 19, 20, 21; and evolutionary competition, 13–15; failure, 4–5, 9–10, 21n, 23; growth and consolidation of movement, 50–56; intensification of criminal organization, 125–26; motivations, 111; origins, 43–47, 68–69; politicization of movement, 47–50; precursor of other prohibition movements, 39; private vs. public, 19–20, 25; repeal, 21n, 23, 66–67, 91, 112, 124, 139, 149; scientific arguments, 53–54; social/economic benefits, 16, 20, 21, 24, 26–27; spread of opium addiction, 57–58, 61n; statutory definitions, 96
Alcoholics Anonymous, 44, 149
alcohol industry: corruption of political process by, 55, 111, 126–27; organization of, for self-protection, 55, 126–27; rent seeking by competitors of, 52, 56
“alcohol price index,” 101, 102 (table), 103
Allen, William R., 93, 94 (table)
AMA. See American Medical Association (AMA)
American Association of Pharmaceutical Chemists, 63
American Economic Association, 11–12, 13, 15, 17n.8
American Medical Association (AMA): antialcohol resolution, 52n, 53n, 59; establishment of monopoly by, 69; and narcotics control, 59, 61, 63
American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA), 59, 61, 62, 63
American Revolution, 43n, 69
American Temperance Society, 43
American Woman Suffrage Association, 48
amphetamines, health risks of, 73n
anarchism vs. socialism, 17
Anderson, Gary M., 55
Anderson, Harry, 135
Anslinger, Harry, 65, 66–67
“Anslinger hypothesis” of marijuana prohibition, 65–66, 67, 68
Anthony, Susan B., 48
Anti-Saloon League, 4, 47, 48, 49, 50–52
APhA. See American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA)
Arthur D. Little Inc., 109n.10
Ashley,—, 136
Asia, narcotics use in, 57
Asia, southeast, political corruption of, 136n
aspirin, 57
Association against the Prohibition Amendment, 27
Association of Retail Druggists, 59
Astor, Gerald, 133
attributes of goods: consumer evaluation of, 92–93; effects of taxation on, 93–96; enhancement of utility by, 78; potency as, 92, 93; produced by bureaucrats, 97–98
Australian ballot, 53, 55
Austrian economics, 6, 10, 38, 77–78
automobiles: import quotas and tariffs on, 95; operation of, after alcohol consumption, 20; theft of, 124, 125
Baden, John, 129, 130, 132
Bahamas, the, 136n
Banfield, Edward, 128
barbiturates: health risks of, 73n; as marijuana substitute, 108
Barnett, Randy, 143
Barthold, Thomas A., 36, 37nn.30, 32
Barzel, Yoram, 93–95
Bassett, John Spenser, 42
Beccaria-Bonesana, Cesare, 113
Becker, Gary S., 6, 133; attack on prohibition, 10; theory of crime, 115–16, 130; theory of rational addict, 10, 35–36, 37–38
Becker, Howard, 65–66
Beecher, Lyman, 43
beer: commerce in, 43; consumption patterns of, 102, 103 & table, 104 (table); disassociation of hard liquor from, 55; prices of, relative to those of spirits, 101–2, 102 (table); subsidies to, 41; view of temperance movement toward, 44, 45
Behr, Roy L., 48
Bennett, William, 9
Benson, Bruce L., 40, 84, 120, 128–29, 130, 132
Bentham, Jeremy, 113–14
Bidinotto, Robert James, 125
bingeing, 35, 37
blackmail, of enforcement agents, 131
black markets: under alcohol prohibition, 29; corruption of officials by, 130–32, 137–38; creation of, by prohibition, 82–83, 89, 141–42; criminal violence in, 112, 120; and decriminalized drug markets, 149; industry standards in, 89; organization of, 125–26; product adulteration in, 105; variation of drug potency in, 91
blacks: bigotry of prohibitionists against, 51, 66, 140; fear of cocaine use by, 60
Blake, John B., 69
Blaug, Mark, 9
Blocker, Jack S., 50, 51
blue laws, 54
Bolivia, 136n
Bonger, W. A., 114
Bonnie, Richard J., 66
Boorstin, Daniel J., 41
Borcherding, T. E., 93n
Bork, Robert, 116
Boston, Massachusetts, 25n, 42
Bracey, Dorothy H., 137
Brandstatter, A. F., 133
brandy: medicinal use of, 52n; relative prices of, 102 (table)
Brazil, 136n
Brecher, Edward M., 144
bribery: as consequence of drug producers’ capital investments, 132; as consequence of prohibition-created profit opportunities, 83, 131–32, 135–36; as method of public finance, 137; reduction of, by prohibition, 127; by saloonkeepers, 54
Brooks, J. E., 40
Brown, George F., 120
Bryan, William Jennings, 50
Bryce, James, 53
Buchanan, James M., 30, 84, 85, 87–88, 137
Buckley, William F., Jr., 10
bureaucracies: attributes of goods produced by, 97–98; entrepreneurial role of, 65–66, 67, 69; growth of, 84–85; inaccessibility of discovery process to, 80–82, 83, 141; profit opportunities of, 83, 130–32, 135–36; suppression of discovery process by, 80, 82, 83, 141
Bureau of Internal Revenue, 64
Bureau of Justice Statistics, 106n, 108–9
Bureau of Prohibition, 26–27; corruption of, 112; enforcement budget of, 100 (table), 101
burglary: rates absent prohibition, 124; rates under prohibition, 120, 125
Burns, Arthur, 27n.14
business: and narcotics control, 56–57, 59–60, 61–62, 63–64; organization of, against alcohol industry, 52; Progressive view of, 53; support by, for marijuana prohibition, 68. See also entrepreneurs
business-cycle theory of crime, 123, 124
Byrne, Frank L., 46, 47
caffeine: control of use in medicinal compounds, 63; potency absent prohibition, 91
Calkins, Dr.—, 58
Cameron, Samuel, 116
Canada, policy toward alcohol, 20
cannabis. See marijuana (cannabis)
capitalism, 120–21. See also black markets; business; development, economic; markets
Capone, Al, 117
Carter, Jimmy, 139n
Catholics, bigotry of prohibitionists against, 51
Cave, Jonathan A. K., 82–83, 90
chemical industry, support for marijuana prohibition, 68
Chicago, Illinois, 133
Chile, 136
China: opium trade with, 62; U.S. relations with, 57, 62, 65
Chinese, the: di
scrimination against, 62; use of opium by, 60
chloral hydrate, 57, 62, 64
choice, subjectivity of, 77
Christian Science Monitor, 24
cirrhosis of the liver, 105n
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 124
civil liberties: and corruption control, 137; and quarantine of heroin addicts, 147n.6
Civil Service, reorganization of prohibition enforcement under, 134
Civil War, 4, 40, 43, 48, 57, 58, 69
Clague, Christopher, 34n, 147 “The Clandestine Distribution of Heroin: Its Discovery and Suppression” (Rottenberg), 90
Clark, John Bates, 12, 14
Coast Guard, U.S., 100 (table), 101, 106
Coats, A. W., 12–13
Coca-Cola, 60, 89–90
Coca-Cola Company, 52
cocaine, 105; association of use with criminal behavior, 60, 111; in combination drugs, 90; commercial use, 60, 89–90; consumption patterns, 145, 146n; control of use in medicinal compounds, 62, 64; “cutting” of, 96n; discovery, 57; health risks, 73n, 91, 110n; increased potency under prohibition, 89–90; as marijuana substitute, 108–9
cocaine, prohibition of, 3, 149; enactment of, 60; motivations for, 111
coca leaves, use of, 57
Coffey, Thomas, 81–82
Colombia, 112, 136n
competition: evolutionary, 13–15; multidimensional view of, 77–78. See also monopoly; rent seeking
compulsive behavior, and addiction, 36
conservatives, and legalization, 10
conspicuous consumption, 15n
Cook, Philip J., 124
corruption: acceleration by growth in government, 130, 132; activities, 129–30; association with prohibition, 111–12, 127, 133–36, 142, 143; association with saloons, 54–55; benefits, 137; causes, 129; consequence of illegal markets, 30; consequence of prohibition-created profit opportunities, 83, 130–32, 135–36; consequence of social controls, 133; costs, 136–38; decriminalized drug market, 149; definitions, 128–29; distinguished from rent seeking, 6, 128; elimination, 129, 133, 151; federal convictions/indictments, 127, 128 (fig.), 136; functionality, 127–28, 129; function of risk of capture, 131; incentives, 130; marginal cost of acts, 132; prohibition as remedy, 111, 112, 113, 126–27; similarity to rent seeking, 132
Corrupt Practices Act, 51, 55
cotton, as hemp substitute, 68
Council on National Defense, 18
The Economics of Prohibition Page 20
