19. Silbert to WFO, December 10, 1972, SA, Chicago to Acting Director, December 11, 1972, FBI Watergate Files; Chicago Field Office to Ruckelshaus, June 6, 1973, FBI United Airlines Crash Files; NTSB Report, NTSB Papers, United Airlines Crash; TT, the President, Dean, and Haldeman, March 21, 1973 (10:12 A.M.–11:55 A.M.), U.S. v. M, NA.
20. TT, the President and Colson, January 8, 1973 (4:05 P.M.–5:43 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA, with additional material quoted in WP, May 1, 1977; TTs, February 13, 14, 1973, quoted in David Frost, “I Gave Them a Sword”: Behind the Scenes of the Nixon Interviews (New York, 1978), 232–34, 248; WP, January 7, 1973; Haldeman Notes, March 9, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 47, NP.
21. TT, Nixon and John Dean, February 28, 1973 (9:12 A.M.–10:23 A.M.), HJC, Transcripts of Eight Recorded Presidential Conversations, 19–46; Haldeman Notes, February 5, 25, March 9, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 47, NP.
22. George V. Higgins, “The Judge Who Tried Harder,” Atlantic, April 1974, 90.
23. John J. Sirica, To Set the Record Straight (New York, 1979), 61–90.
24. Petersen to Patman, January 11, 1973, HBC Papers.
25. Harry McPherson, A Political Education (Boston, 1972), 34.
26. Sam Ervin, The Whole Truth: The Watergate Conspiracy (New York, 1980), 19.
27. Congressional Record, 93 Cong., 1 Sess. (February 6, 7, 1973), 3550–3851, et passim.
28. Haldeman Notes, February 11, 1973, March 12, 1973, Box 47, NP.
29. SSC, Hearings (June 25, 1973), 3:984.
30. Minutes, May 9, 1974, SSC Records, NA.
31. Higby to Haldeman, February 10, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 110, NP; Haldeman Notes, February 26, 1973, ibid., Box 47, NP.
32. John J. Sirica, To Set the Record Straight (New York, 1979), 17–41.
33. Harvey Katz, “Some Call It Justice,” Washingtonian, September 1973, 128–29; WP, December 24, 1972; NYT, December 20, 1972.
34. Houston Chronicle, July 20, 1986, citing Sirica’s remarks in preparation for his retirement.
35. SSC, Hearings, 1:196.
36. Sirica, To Set the Record Straight, 91–116; TT, the President and Haldeman, March 20, 1973 (6:00 P.M.–7:10 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA; Dean, Blind Ambition, 212; Petersen Interview, August 23, 1985; TT, Telephone Conversation, Ehrlichman and Kleindienst, March 28, 1973, HJC, Statement of Information, 4 (Part I): 406–08.
37. Sirica, To Set the Record Straight, 117–27.
38. Sirica, To Set the Record Straight, 116, 108; Richard Kleindienst, Justice (Ottawa, IL, 1985), 154; Silbert Diary.
39. U.S. v. Garcia (9th Circuit), 427 F. 2d 658 (1970); U.S. v. Sweig (2nd Circuit), 454 F. 2d 181 (1972); Samuel Dash, Chief Counsel (New York, 1976), 26–30; NYT, October 7, 1973; Joseph Rauh, Book Review, The New Republic, May 26, 1979, 36–38; Higgins, “The Judge Who Tried Harder,” 90, 94; TT, Telephone Conversation, Kleindienst and Ehrlichman, March 28, 1973, HJC, Statement of Information, 4 (Part I): 406–08.
40. TT, the President and Haldeman, March 22, 1973 (9:11 A.M.–10:35 A.M.), U.S. v. M, NA; Nixon, Memoirs, 2:312–24; Sirica, To Set the Record Straight, 119.
41. Nixon, Memoirs, 2:328, 330, 332.
42. TT, the President, Haldeman, Ehrlichman, Dean, and Mitchell, March 22, 1973 (1:57 P.M.–3:43 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA; Nixon, Memoirs, 2:326.
43. Haldeman Notes, January 12, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 47, NP; Ehrlichman, Witness to Power, 368.
XI: “WE HAVE A CANCER WITHIN, CLOSE TO THE PRESIDENCY.” COVERING UP THE COVER-UP, JANUARY–MARCH 1973
1. John Dean to Files, March 5, 1973, SSC, Hearings, 3:1251; Moore Interview, December 5, 1987; John Dean, Blind Ambition (New York, 1976), 195–96; TT, the President, Dean, and Haldeman, March 21, 1973 (10:12 A.M.–11:55 A.M.), U.S. v. M, NA.
2. Dean, Blind Ambition, 184; Dean Interview, April 16, 1988.
3. NYT, August 6, 1973; Lichenstein Interview, November 22, 1985.
4. Martin to the Files, Gray/Wiretap Investigation, Francis Martin Files, WGSPF Records, NA.
5. Patrick O’Donnell to Gray, June 13, 1972, Clark Mollenhoff Papers, Box 59, State Historical Society of Wisconsin; Lichenstein Interview, November 22, 1985; Neil Welch and David W. Marston, Inside Hoover’s FBI (New York, 1984), 198.
6. Louis Patrick Gray III, Hearings, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, 93 Cong., 1 Sess. (February 28, March 1–22, 1973).
7. PPPUS:RN, March 2, 1973, 160; ibid., March 15, 1973, 272; “Statement by the President on Executive Privilege,” Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents (March 12, 1973), 9:253–54; Richard Nixon, RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (paperback ed., New York, 1979), 2:303 (italics in original).
8. TT, Telephone Conversation, Ehrlichman and Gray, March 7 or 8, 1973, HJC, Statement of Information, 3:768; Ehrlichman Notes, March 8, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 28, NP; Lichenstein Interview, November 22, 1985; Gray Interview, July 18, 1973, Gray Witness File, July 18, 1973, WGSPF Records, NA.
9. TT, Telephone Conversation, Ehrlichman and Dean, March 7 or 8, 1973, HJC, Statement of Information, 3:768–69; TT, the President, Dean, and Haldeman, March 13, 1973 (12:42 P.M.–2:00 P.M.), HJC, Transcripts of Eight Recorded Presidential Conversations, 61.
10. TT, the President, Dean, and Haldeman, March 21, 1973 (10:12 A.M.–11:55 A.M.), U.S. v. M, NA.
11. Lichenstein Interview, November 22, 1985; Gray Hearings, 100–44, 309–19, 323–43, 661–94.
12. Ehrlichman Notes, March 27, April 5, April 11, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP; Telephone Conversation Summary, William Timmons to Ehrlichman, April 4, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 65, NP; “Statement About Intention to Withdraw the Nomination of L. Patrick Gray III,” PPPUS:RN, 1973 (April 9, 1973), 257; Telephone Conversation Summary, Louis Nichols to Rose Mary Woods, May 8, 1973, NPF, Box 19, NP.
13. John D. Ehrlichman, Witness to Power (New York, 1982), 374–75; Richard Kleindienst, Justice (Ottawa, IL, 1985), 158; Ehrlichman Notes, April 4, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP.
14. Joseph Spear, President and the Press: The Nixon Legacy (Cambridge, MA, 1984), 194.
15. PPPUS:RN, 1973, March 12, 1973, 184–87.
16. TT, the President, Dean, and Haldeman, March 13, 1973 (12:42 P.M.—2:00 P.M.), HJC, Transcripts of Eight Recorded Presidential Conversations, 47–48.
17. TT, the President, Dean, and Haldeman, March 17, 1973 (1:25 P.M.—2:10 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA. For the CIA interest in the Ellsberg matter, Colby Interview, October 9, 1987, was useful.
18. TT, the President, Dean, and Haldeman, March 21, 1973 (10:12 A.M.–11:55 A.M.), U. S. v. M, NA; Colby Interview, October 9, 1987.
19. Dean, Blind Ambition, 226–30.
20. TT, the President, Dean, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, March 21, 1973 (5:20 P.M.–6:01 P.M.), U. S. v. M, NA; Moore Interview, December 5, 1987; Fielding Interview, July 12, 1973, SSC Records, NA.
21. TT, Telephone Conversation, the President and Colson, March 21, 1973 (7:53 P.M.–8:34 P.M.), Nixon Papers, Box 172, NP. Some of this transcript appeared as part of the record in U.S. v. M, NA, and additional pages subsequently were published in the WP, May 1, 1977.
22. TT, Dictabelt Recording, President’s Recollection of March 21 Conversation, HJC, Statement of Information, 3:1245–49. Again, the President ignored the fact that he had learned of the psychiatrist’s-office break-in on March 17—at the very latest. The Dictabelt “diary” recordings are widely used in the President’s memoirs, but many of them may never be subjected to independent scrutiny.
23. TT, the President and Haldeman, March 20, 1973 (6:00 P.M.–7:10 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA.
24. TT, the President and Haldeman, March 22, 1983 (9:11 A.M.–10:35 A.M.), U.S. v. M, NA.
25. TT, the President, Dean, Ehrlichman, Haldeman, and Mitchell, March 22, 1973, (1:57 P.M.–3:43 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA.
26. NYT, March 26, 1973; TT, the President, Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and Ziegler, March 27, 1973 (11:10 A.M.–1:30 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA; Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, All the President’s Men (New York, 1974), 278.<
br />
27. Dean Testimony, HJC, Testimony of Witnesses (July 11, 1974), 2:252, 275.
28. TT, the President, Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and Ziegler, March 27, 1973 (11:10 A.M.–1:30 P.M.), U. S. v. M, NA; ibid., J. Fred Buzhardt Notes, courtesy of Mrs. Buzhardt; Garment Interview, June 26, 1985.
29. H. R. Haldeman, The Ends of Power (New York, 1978), 224; Dean, Blind Ambition, 222–25; Ehrlichman Notes, March 23, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP.
30. Goldwater to Nixon, March 29, 1973, NPF, Box 8, NP.
XII: “WE HAVE TO PRICK THE GODDAM BOIL AND TAKE THE HEAT.” CUTTING LOOSE: APRIL 1973
1. Ehrlichman Notes, April 2, 1973, April 4, 1974, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP.
2. TT, Telephone Conversation, the President and Ehrlichman, April 8, 1973 (7:33 A.M.–7:37 A.M.), Submission of Recorded Presidential Conversations to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives, Richard Nixon, April 30, 1974. Hereafter cited as WHT.
3. TT, Telephone Conversation, Larry Higby and Jeb Magruder, April 13, 1973, HJC, Statement of Information, 4 (Part 2):612–55; Jeb Stuart Magruder, An American Life (New York, 1974), 319–26.
4. Ehrlichman’s report is in Ehrlichman Papers, Box 214, NP, and reprinted in part in his memoir.
5. Haldeman has given and published various versions of the origins of the taping system, most recently in “The Nixon White House Tapes: The Decision to Record Presidential Conversations,” Prologue (Summer 1988), 20:79–87.
6. TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 14, 1973, Executive Office Building (8:55 A.M.–11:31 A.M.), U.S. v. M, NA. The Agnew information is in the draft transcript of this meeting, Nixon Papers, Box 172, NP; Agnew Interview, January 14, 1989; Agnew to Author, February 1, 1989.
7. TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 14, 1973, Executive Office Building (8:55 A.M.–11:31 A.M.), U.S. v. M, NA; TT, Telephone Conversation, Ehrlichman and Mitchell, April 11, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 213, NP.
8. TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 14, 1973, Executive Office Building (8:55 A.M.–11:31 A.M.), U.S. v. M, NA; Haldeman Notes, April 8, 13, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 47, NP.
9. TT, the President and Haldeman, April 14, 1973 (1:55 P.M.–2:13 P.M.), HJC, Statement of Information, 4 (Part 2):773–76.
10. TT, Ehrlichman and Mitchell, April 14, 1973, HJC, Statement of Information, 4 (Part 2):725–68; TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 14, 1973 (2:24 P.M.–3:55 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA; Richard Nixon, RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon (paperback ed., New York, 1979), 2:349; John Ehrlichman, Witness to Power (New York, 1982), 380.
11. TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 14, 1973 (2:24 P.M.–3:55 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA.
12. TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 14, 1973 (5:15 P.M.–6:45 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA.
13. Richard Kleindienst, Justice (Ottawa, IL, 1985), 158–60; Nixon, Memoirs, 2:350.
14. Nixon, Memoirs, 2:350–54.
15. TT, Telephone Conversation, the President and Haldeman, April 14, 1973 (11:02 P.M.–11:16 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA.
16. TT, Telephone Conversation, the President and Ehrlichman, April 14, 1973 (11:22 P.M.–11:53 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA. President’s edited copy in Nixon Papers, Box 172, NP. Nixon, Memoirs, 2:355.
17. Silbert to Cox, May 31, 1973, courtesy of Mr. Silbert; Silbert Diary.
18. Silbert Diary; Petersen Testimony, HJC, Testimony of Witnesses (July 12, 1974), 3:114; Kleindienst, Justice, 160–61.
19. TT, the President and Ehrlichman, April 15, 1973 (10:35 A.M.–11:15 A.M.), U.S. v. M, NA.
20. TT, the President and Kleindienst, April 15, 1973 (1:12 P.M.–2:22 P.M.), WHT; Kleindienst, Justice, 162; Petersen Testimony, HJC, Testimony of Witnesses (July 12, 1974), 3:82; Petersen Interview, August 23, 1985.
21. TT, Telephone Conversation, the President and Haldeman, April 15, 1973 (3:27 P.M.–3:44 P.M.), WHT.
22. TT, Telephone Conversation, Higby and Haldeman, April 15, 1973, WHT; Transcript of Fred Buzhardt Tape No. 3, Buzhardt MS, Courtesy of Mrs. J. F. Buzhardt.
23. TT, Telephone Conversations, the President and Henry Petersen, April 15, 1973 (8:14 P.M.–8:18 P.M.; 8:25 P.M.–8:26 P.M.; 9:39 P.M.–9:41 P.M.; 11:45 P.M.–11:53 P.M.), WHT; Dean, Blind Ambition, 261–63. Dean Testimony, SSC, Hearings, 4:1576–77.
24. TT, the President, Ehrlichman and Haldeman, April 16, 1973 (9:50 A.M.–9:59 A.M.), U.S. v. M, NA; Ehrlichman Notes, April 16, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 13, NP.
25. TT, the President and Dean, April 16, 1973 (10:00 A.M.–10:40 A.M.), U.S. v. M, NA; TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 16, 1973 (10:50 A.M.–11:04 A.M.), U.S. v. M, NA.
26. TT, the President and Haldeman, April 16, 1973 (12:00 P.M.–12:31 P.M.), WHT.
27. Garment to the President, undated, c. April 1973, Garment MS, LC.
28. Phillips to Haldeman, April 16, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 110, NP.
29. William C. Berman, William Fulbright and the Vietnam War: The Dissent of a Political Realist (Kent, OH, 1988), 172.
30. TT, the President and Henry Petersen, April 16, 1973 (1:30 P.M.–3:25 P.M.), WHT; Petersen Interview, August 23, 1985.
31. TT, the President and Dean, April 16, 1973 (4:07 P.M.–4:35 P.M.), HJC, Transcripts of Eight Recorded Presidential Conversations, 209–18.
32. TT, Telephone Conversation Between the President and Petersen, April 16, 1973 (8:58 P.M.–9:14 P.M.), WHT; TT, the President and Dean, March 21, 1973 (10:12 A.M.–11:55 A.M.), U.S. v. M, NA.
33. Dennis V. N. McCarthy, Protecting the President: The Inside Story of a Secret Service Agent (New York, 1985), 21; WP, April 18, 1973.
34. TT, the President, Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and Ziegler, April 17, 1973 (12:35 P.M.–2:20 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA. Ehrlichman Notes, April 17, 1973, Box 14, Ehrlichman Papers, NP.
35. TT, Telephone Conversation, the President and Ehrlichman, April 17, 1973 (2:39 P.M.–2:40 P.M.), WHT.
36. TT, the President and Petersen, April 17, 1973 (2:46 P.M.–3:49 P.M.), WHT. Nixon later told Haldeman that his failure to give Dean immunity in April was a key moment. H. R. Haldeman, The Ends of Power (New York, 1978), 309.
37. TT, the President, Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and Ziegler, April 17, 1973 (3:50 P.M.–4:35 P.M.), WHT.
38. TT, the President, Rogers, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 17, 1973 (5:20 P.M.–7:14 P.M.), WHT.
39. TT, Telephone Conversation, the President and Petersen, April 18, 1973 (2:50 P.M.–2:56 P.M.), WHT.
40. TT, the President and Ehrlichman, April 19, 1973 (1:03 P.M.–1:30 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA.
41. TT, the President and Moore, April 19, 1973 (3:45 P.M.–5:00 P.M.), Jaworski Papers, Texas Collection, Baylor University; TT, Telephone Conversation, Ehrlichman and Kalmbach, April 19, 1973, U.S. v. M, NA; TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 19, 1973, (8:31 A.M.–10:12 A.M.), quoted in Haldeman, Ends of Power, 263.
42. TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 19, 1973 (9:31 A.M.–10:12 A.M.), quoted in Haldeman, Ends of Power, 264–65; TT, the President, Wilson, and Strickler, April 19, 1973 (8:26 P.M.–9:32 P.M.), WHT.
43. TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrlichman, April 25, 1973 (11:06 A.M.–11:55 A.M.), U.S. v. M, NA. Additional fragments quoted in Haldeman, Ends of Power, 267–71; Leon Jaworski, Confession and Avoidance: A Memoir (New York, 1979), 214–15. The derogatory remarks about Petersen are in Ehrlichman Notes, April 25, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP; TT, the President and Haldeman, April 26, 1973, WP, May 1, 1977.
44. TT, the President and Haldeman, April 25, 1973 (4:40 P.M.–5:30 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA; TT, Telephone Conversation between the President and Haldeman, April 25, 1973 (7:46 P.M.–7:53 P.M.), U.S. v. M, NA; TT, the President and Haldeman, April 26, 1973 (8:55 A.M.–10:20 A.M.), WP, May 1, 1977.
45. TT, Telephone Conversations Between the President and Ehrlichman, April 25, 1973 (7:17 P.M.–7:19 P.M., 7:25 P.M.–7:39 P.M.), Haldeman, Ends of Power, 278–79; TT, the President, Haldeman, and Ehrl
ichman, April 26, 1973, Haldeman, ibid., 282–87, and reprinted in WP, May 1, 1977; Petersen Testimony, HJC, Testimony of Witnesses (July 12, 1974), 3:98, 99–100.
46. Silbert Diary.
47. TT, the President, Petersen and Ziegler (partial), April 27, 1973 (5:37 P.M.–5:43 P.M.; 6:04 P.M.–6:48 P.M.), WHT; Petersen Interview, August 23, 1985; Petersen Testimony, HJC, Testimony of Witnesses (July 12, 1974), 3:138. Petersen bluntly summed up his dealings with the President: “You are looking at a guy who was, if you will excuse the expression, screwed.” Petersen Interview, August 23, 1985.
48. Ehrlichman Notes, April 27, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP.
49. Ehrlichman Notes, April 27, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP; Petersen Testimony, HJC, Testimony of Witnesses (July 12, 1974), 3:76.
50. Ruckelshaus Interview, August 21, 1986; Neil Welch and David W. Marston, Inside Hoover’s FBI (New York, 1984), 196–97; Telephone Conversation Summary, Louis Nichols to Rose Mary Woods, May 8, 1973, NPF, Box 19, NP.
51. Ruckelshaus Interview, August 21, 1986.
52. The accounts of the Camp David meeting vary somewhat. See Nixon, Memoirs, 2:381–85, 354; Haldeman, Ends of Power, 288–94; Ehrlichman, Witness to Power, 389–91; Kleindienst, Justice, 167–69. Haldeman Notes, April 29, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 47, NP; Elliot Richardson Notes, April 29, 1973, Richardson MS, LC; Henry A. Kissinger, Years of Upheaval (Boston, 1982), 102–03.
53. Nixon, Memoirs, 2:386–88.
54. Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, 104; Nixon, Memoirs, 2:384; Emmett John Hughes, New York Times Magazine, June 9, 1974, 70, cited in Fawn Brodie, Richard Nixon: The Shaping of His Character (New York, 1981), 28–29; Moynihan to Nixon, April 22, 1973, NPF, Box 12, NP.
55. Silbert Diary; Silbert to Author, February 26, 1988.
XIII: NEW ENEMIES: THE SPECIAL PROSECUTOR AND THE SENATE COMMITTEE: MAY 1973
1. TT, Telephone Conversation, Ehrlichman and Krogh, May 2, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP; Buchanan to the President, May 3, 1973, NPF, Box 6, NP; Kevin Phillips, The American Political Report, May 7, 1973.
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