Volume One Of
The Collected Fantasies Of
C lark A shton S mith
Edited by Scott Connors and Ron Hilger
With an Introduction by Ramsey Campbell
Night Shade Books
San Francisco
The End of the Story © 2006 by The Estate of Clark Ashton Smith
This edition of The End of the Story © 2006 by Night Shade Books
Jacket art © 2006 by Jason Van Hollander
Jacket design by Claudia Noble
Interior layout and design by Jeremy Lassen
Author photo courtesy of Terence McVicker
All rights reserved.
Introduction © 2006 by Ramsey Campbell
A Note on the Texts © 2006 by Scott Connors and Ron Hilger
Story Notes © 2006 by Scott Connors and Ron Hilger
Bibliography © 2006 by Scott Connors and Ron Hilger
Second Printing
ISBN: 978-1-59780-028-0
Night Shade Books
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INTRODUCTION
Sometimes just a title can be enough to evoke a sense of awe and weird anticipation. In my case, it also recalls several joyful years of my adolescence, during which I discovered Arkham House and many of its treasures. Evangeline Walton’s Witch House was at best semi-precious except as a book by that great publisher, but it was the first Arkham book I owned, and the list of other publications and their contents on the back cover was worth the price of the volume. I mean that literally. While I waited for my copies of those books to arrive I often reread the titles of stories—“The Thing that Walked on the Wind”, “The Space-Eaters”, “The Nameless Offspring”, “The Dweller in the Gulf”… Not all the stories lived up to the delicious dread and suggestiveness their titles conveyed to me, but one author’s work did and does. He was Clark Ashton Smith.
“None strikes the note of cosmic horror as well as Clark Ashton Smith. In sheer daemonic strangeness and fertility of conception, Smith is perhaps unexcelled by any other writer, living or dead.” Lovecraft’s summation, quoted to promote Smith’s book The Double Shadow and Other Fantasies, only added to my sense of delightful apprehension (and now it slyly leads me to wonder whether any dead writer might excel the competition by continuing to write beyond the grave). Few enthusiasts have Lovecraft’s ability to conjure up the power of another fantasist’s imagination, but perhaps I can repay a little of the pleasure Smith brought to my waking dreams. Even the name of “The Abominations of Yondo” did, but it’s nothing to the tale.
“Yondo lies nearest of all to the world’s rim…” In just a sentence Smith declares his allegiance to outright fantasy, which remakes reality in a form more alluring to the imagination. The opening paragraph is a prose poem in itself, evoking a landscape as haunted as any of Poe’s but more alien by far. Smith peoples it with a gallery of nightmares incarnate, depicted in lan
guage that imbues the grotesque and horrible with poetry. Though there’s a minimum of plot, the tale has its own cruelly logical structure, progressing from terror into glimpses of daunting awe before it dies to an inevitable conclusion. In this early tale it’s already clear that the plea he addresses “To the Daemon” (which we may assume to be his muse)—for fantasies “of which there are no myths in our world or any world adjoining”—is capable of being brought to fruition by his own work. Indeed, we might fancy that the demon has answered by narrating “Sadastor”, which compresses into four pages more imagery than many fantasists could conjure up at much greater length. It’s worth noting that while Smith was a painter and sculptor, many of his sentences in such a tale are paintings in themselves.
Perhaps no writer could be expected to maintain this level of intensity throughout his work, but Smith’s scarcely flags as he transforms his immediate environment into an altogether darker landscape in “The Ninth Skeleton”, throwing the bones that underlie the countryside, not to mention all humanity, into luridly luminous relief. It’s followed by his first Atlantean tale. Like “Sadastor”, “The Last Incantation” deals with ennui. In this parable of age and loss it’s terminal, but redeemed for the reader by Smith’s style, a rainbow of colour and light with attendant shadows. “The End of the Story” transports us to Averoigne for Smith’s first evocation of that mediaeval kingdom. It begins surprisingly conventionally—thunder, lightning, sylvan disorientation, even tree branches that clutch—but soon grows more personal, especially when a Machenesque passage about paganism leads to images more openly and sinuously erotic. Might Smith have found it politic to woo Weird Tales, more specifically Farnsworth Wright, with material less immediately imaginative than his earlier work? Certainly “The Phantoms of the Fire” reads as if he had tamped his fancy down, which failed to satisfy him even if it sold the tale to the Unique Magazine.
No such reservations apply to “A Night in Malnéant”, which returns us to Averoigne. It’s all the more apparent that the kingdom is a landscape of the mind, as darkly romantic as any in Poe. Indeed, the poignant central notion of this parable is at least as potent as the bonds between the Ushers and their house. The version printed here restores sonorousness to some edited sentences and adds to our sense of the place, however paradoxically vague. Farnsworth Wright’s rejection of this draft may have led Smith to retreat into writing “The Resurrection of the Rattlesnake”, a variation on a standard theme, executed with deftness professional enough to border on the impersonal. Equally, “Thirteen Phantasms” suggests an attempt to modernise and render more prosaic a theme already addressed in his earlier tales, though perhaps the recurrence also implies it was dear to his heart: dear enough that he didn’t risk submitting the piece to Weird Tales? Despite a lack of any real weirdness, “The Venus of Azombeii” found favour with Farnsworth. It’s an erotic tribute to the incarnation of a fancied Africa, narrated with—one
might say—a discreet leer and a turgid pulse.
None of the foregoing tales quite prepares us for “The Tale of Satampra Zeiros”, fiction of a kind few writers other than Smith could have written (although Jack Vance comes close in his own quirky way, and perhaps there are traces in Leiber). Seldom have the droll and terrible been so delicately balanced together, while never undermining a sense of the exotic and marvellous. Equally, “The Monster of the Prophecy” succeeds in combining sly satire with a powerful sense of cosmic alienation. Once our poet hero has been transported by a creature we might take as the incarnation of his or the author’s interstellar muse to an Antarean planet, the tale triumphantly achieves one of the ambitions Smith shared with Lovecraft—the sense of psychic dislocation a human being would experience when confronted by the utterly alien. The tale goes further, however. After a decidedly Freudian torture scene in the clutches of the priests of the Cosmic Mother, the poet finds fulfillment of an erotic kind whose invention is generally credited to Philip José Farmer in “The Lovers” more than two decades later. Once again Smith was ahead of his time. Remarkably, this conclusion wasn’t censored when the story appeared in Weird Tales; nor was the name of the Cosmic Mother, which one might have thought unprintable in 1931. Smith deleted the prologue at Wright’s behest, however, but here it is restored together with slighter material.
The freakish weather that brings about “The Metamorphosis of the World” seems more ominous now than when it was written. It develops Smith’s transformation of landscape with an intensity and apocalyptic ruthlessness that prefigure Ballard, though the documentary approach is Lovecraftian—indeed, it recalls that author at his bleakest. Perhaps Smith found that the approach insufficiently engaged his imagination, but it’s not apparent in the telling; the tale is empha
tically not the work of a hack. Still, his dissatisfaction with it may have driven him back to the weird in the shape of “The Epiphany of Death”, to some extent a tribute to Lovecraft and published as such, if one decidedly more ghoulish than Bloch’s “The Shambler from the Stars”.
Smith was also unhappy with “Murder in the Fourth Dimension”. Perhaps the trouble was that, having trapped his narrator in a landscape out of Poe (who is directly recalled in the early pages), Smith can find little for him or the authorial imagination to do (though that’s part of the point of the tale). “The Devotee of Evil” gives him more scope; indeed, its project is unexpectedly close to Lovecraft’s cosmicism—the isolation of evil not incarnate but wholly abstract, a principle underlying all existence and as disinterested as the colour out of space. “The Satyr” takes us back to Averoigne, which once more embodies the inmost feelings of those who enter its landscape. In this case the feelings are erotic, and—in the image of “limp unison” revealed in this restored text—may be seen as so potent they’re enacted after death.
“The Planet of the Dead” takes its protagonist on an interstellar voyage, the
product of a yearning powerful enough to overcome the shock of the alien. Few apocalypses are so succinct or so romantic. The alienation experienced on “The Uncharted Isle” is temporal as well as spatial, and all-embracing while the delirium lasts. Smith thought of it as metaphorical. Despite the shifts of tone in “Marooned in Andromeda”, which rollicks from monster to monster in order to embroil its mutineers in fresh adventures and ends by conjuring a sequel, Smith’s inventiveness sees him through, and his evocation of the dread attendant on making planetfall at dead of night is especially memorable. As for “The Root of Ampoi”, might it have begun in Baudelaire? Certainly its colossophilia recalls that poet’s, though here it is put to satirical use.
“The Necromantic Tale” revives Smith’s theme of a romantic yearning so great that (as in “The Planet of the Dead”) it can effect bodily transference. The piece also celebrates, however darkly, the incantatory power of language. His fecund prose reaches full flood in “The Immeasurable Horror”, a science fiction nightmare set on a Venus of the fantastic kind to which a 1968 anthology bade farewell. Its landscape reappears in “A Voyage to Sfanomöe”, where it proves capable of the most spectacular transformation Smith had conceived to that date.
Many more will be found in the succeeding volumes of the present edition—greater wonders too. The crypts of memory that store the classics of our field are vast, and it’s time to illuminate once again the hall of gorgeous treasures and extravagant chimeras that is the legacy of Clark Ashton Smith. It’s my privilege to hand you the taper. Don’t go too fast through this treasure house or the light may desert you. Take your time to savour the imagination and the language. It has aged like Atlantean wine.
Ramsey Campbell
Wallasey, Merseyside
Halloween 2006
A NOTE ON THE TEXTS
Clark Ashton Smith considered himself primarily as a poet and artist, but he began his publishing career with a series of Oriental contes cruels that were published in such magazines as the Overland Monthly and the Black Cat. He ceased the writing of short stories for many years, but, under the influence of his correspondent H. P. Lovecraft, he began experimenting with the weird tale when he wrote “The Abominations of Yondo” in 1925. His friend Genevieve K. Sully suggested that writing for the pulps would be a reasonably congenial way for him to earn enough money to support himself and his parents.
Between the years 1930 and 1935, the name of Clark Ashton Smith appeared on the contents page of Weird Tales no fewer than fifty-three times, leaving his closest competitors, Robert E. Howard, Seabury Quinn, and August W. Derleth, in the dust, with forty-six, thirty-three and thirty stories, respectively. This prodigious output did not come at the price of sloppy composition, but was distinguished by its richness of imagination and expression. Smith put the same effort into one of his stories that he did into a bejeweled and gorgeous sonnet. Donald Sidney-Fryer has described Smith’s method of composition in his 1978 bio-bibliography Emperor of Dreams (Donald M. Grant, West Kingston, R.I.) thus:
First he would sketch the plot in longhand on some piece of note-paper, or in his notebook, The Black Book, which Smith used circa 1929-1961. He would then write the first draft, usually in longhand but occasionally directly on the typewriter. He would then rewrite the story 3 or 4 times (Smith’s own estimate); this he usually did directly on the typewriter. Also, he would subject each draft to considerable
alteration and correction in longhand, taking the ms. with him on a stroll and reading aloud to himself […](p. 19).
Unlike Lovecraft, who would refuse to allow publication of his stories without assurances that they would be printed without editorial alteration, Clark Ashton Smith would revise a tale if it would ensure acceptance. Smith was not any less devoted to his art than his friend, but unlike HPL he had to consider his responsibilities in caring for his elderly and infirm parents. He tolerated these changes to his carefully crafted short stories with varying degrees of resentment, and vowed that if he ever had the opportunity to collect them between hard covers he would restore the excised text. Unfortunately, he experienced severe eyestrain during the preparation of his first Arkham House collections, so he provided magazine tear sheets to August Derleth for his secretary to use in the preparation of a manuscript.
Lin Carter was the first of Smith’s editors to attempt to provide the reader with pure Smith, but the efforts of Steve Behrends and Mark Michaud have revealed the extent to which Smith’s prose was compromised. Through their series of pamphlets, the Unexpurgated Clark Ashton Smith, the reader and critic could see precisely the severity of these compromises.
In establishing what the editors believe to be what Smith would have preferred, we were fortunate in having access to several repositories of Smith’s manuscripts, most notably the Clark Ashton Smith Papers deposited at the John Hay Library of Brown University, but also including the Bancroft Library of the University of California at Berkeley, Special Collections of Brigham Young University, the California State Library, and several private collections. Priority was given to the latest known typescript except where Smith indicated that he had been forced to make changes to satisfy editorial requirements. In these instances we compared the last version that satisfied Smith with the version sold. Changes made include the restoration of deleted material, except only in those instances where the change of a word or phrase seems consistent with an attempt by Smith to improve the story, as opposed to the change of a word or phrase to a less Latinate, and less graceful, near-equivalent. This represents a hybrid or fusion of two competing versions, but it is the only way that we see that Smith’s intentions as author may be honored.
Three of Smith’s earliest stories (“Sadastor,” “The Ninth Skeleton,” and “The End of the Story”) only exist in first draft holograph manuscripts. In these instances we compared the first appearances in Weird Tales with the texts from copies of Out of Space and Time and Genius Loci and Other Tales that Smith had corrected by hand, consulting the holograph manuscripts to determine the accuracy of a particular word usage.
Smith published six stories himself in a 1933 pamphlet, The Double Shadow and Other Fantasies, but later revised some of these for sale to Esquire (unsuc
cessfully) and Weird Tales (successfully) in the late 1930s. In these instances we use the version published by Smith himself.
We have also attempted to rationalize Smith’s spellings and hyphenation practices. Smith used British spellings early in his career but gradually switched to American usage. He could also vary spelling of certain words from story to story, e.g., “eerie” and “eery.” We have generally standardized on his later usage, except for certain distinct word choices such as “grey.” In doing so we have deviated from the “style sheet” prepared by the late Jim Turner for his 1988 omnibus collection for Arkham House, A Rendezvous in Averoigne. Turn
er did not have access to such a wonderful scholarly tool as Boyd Pearson’s website, www.eldritchdark.com. By combining its extremely useful search engine with consultation of Smith’s actual manuscripts and typescripts, as well as seeing how he spelled a particular word in a poem or letter, the editors believe that they have reflected accurately Smith’s idiosyncracies of expression.
We regret that we cannot present a totally authoritative text for Smith’s stories. Such typescripts do not exist. All that we can do is to apply our knowledge of Smith to the existing manuscripts and attempt to combine them to present what Smith would have preferred to publish were he not beset by varying degrees of editorial malfeasance in varying degrees. In doing so we hope to present Smith’s words in their purest form to date so that the reader might experience what Ray Bradbury described in his foreword to A Rendezvous in Averoigne: “Take one step across the threshold of his stories, and you plunge into color, sound, taste, smell, and texture—into language.”
The editors wish to thank Mike Ashley, Steve Behrends, Geoffrey Best, Joshua Bilmes, April Derleth, William A. Dorman, Don Herron, Margery Hill, Rah Hoffman, S. T. Joshi, Terence McVicker, Marc Michaud, Boyd Pearson, John Pelan, Rob Preston, Dennis Rickard, David E. Schultz, Donald Sidney-Fryer, and Jason Williams for their help, support, and encouragement of this project, as well as Holly Snyder and the staff of the John Hay Library of Brown University, D. S. Black of the Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley, and the staffs of the California State Library, Sacramento, California, and the L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo Utah, for their assistance in the preparation of this collection. Needless to say, any errors are the sole responsibility of the editors.
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