Pastor, Xavier. The Ships of Christopher Columbus: Santa María, Niña, Pinta. Annapolis: Naval Institute, 1992.
Patai, Raphael. The Children of Noah: Jewish Seafaring in Ancient Times. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1998.
Pausanias. Description of Greece. Trans. W. H. S. Jones. 5 vols. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1918–71.
Paviot, Jacques. “Trade Between Portugal and the Southern Netherlands in the 16th Century.” In Rivalry and Conflict: European Traders and Asian Trading Networks in the 16th and 17th Centuries, ed. by Ernst van Veen and Leonard Blussé, 24–34. Leiden: CNWS, 2005.
Peacock, David, and Lucy Blue, eds. Myos Hormos-Quseir al-Qadim: Roman and Islamic Ports on the Red Sea. Vol. 1, Survey and Excavations, 1999–2003. Oxford: Oxbow, 2006.
Peacock, David, and Andrew Peacock. “The Enigma of ’Aydhab: A Medieval Islamic Port on the Red Sea Coast.” IJNA 37:1 (2008): 32–48.
Pearson, Michael N. The Indian Ocean. London: Routledge, 2003.
———. “Introduction.” In India and the Indian Ocean, 1500–1800, ed. by Ashin Das Gupta and M. N. Pearson, 1–24. Calcutta: Oxford Univ. Press, 1987.
Pennell, C. R., ed. Bandits at Sea: A Pirates Reader. New York: New York Univ. Press, 2001.
Penrose, Charles. 1838 April Fourth 1938: A Century of Atlantic Steam Navigation. Princeton: Newcomen Society, 1938.
Pepys, Samuel. The Diary of Samuel Pepys: A New and Complete Transcription, ed. by Robert Latham and William Matthews. 11 vols. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1970–83.
Pérez-Mallaína, Pablo E. Spain’s Men of the Sea: Daily Life on the Indies Fleets in the Sixteenth Century. Trans. Carla Rahn Phillips. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1998.
Perruso, Richard. “The Development of the Doctrine of Res Communes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe.” Tijdschrift voor Rechstgeschiedenis 70 (2002): 69–93.
Peterson, C. A. “Court and Province in Mid-and Late T’ang.” In The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 3, Sui and T’ang China, 589–906, ed. by Denis Twitchett, 464–560. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1979.
———. “Old Illusions and New Realities: Sung Foreign Policy, 1217–1234.” In China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th-14th Centuries, ed. by Morris Rossabi, 204–39. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1983.
Petrie, Donald A. The Prize Game: Lawful Looting on the High Seas in the Days of Fighting Sail. Annapolis: Naval Institute, 1999.
Petrow, Richard. In the Wake of Torrey Canyon. New York: David McKay, 1968.
Pett, Phineas. The Autobiography of Phineas Pett, ed. by W. G. Perrin. London: Navy Records Society, 1918.
Phillips, Carla Rahn. “The Galleon.” In Cogs, Caravels and Galleons, ed. by Gardiner and Unger, 98–114.
———. “Iberian Ships and Shipbuilding in the Age of Discovery.” In Maritime History. Vol. 1, The Age of Discovery, ed. by John B. Hattendorf, 215–38. Malabar, FL: Krieger, 1996.
———. Six Galleons for the King of Spain: Imperial Defense in the Early Seventeenth Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1986.
Phillips, E. J. The Founding of Russia’s Navy: Peter the Great and the Azov Fleet, 1688–1714. Westport: Greenwood, 1993.
Phillips, William D., Jr., and Carla Rahn Phillips. The Worlds of Christopher Columbus. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992.
Picard, Christophe. “Bahriyyun, émirs et califes: l’origine des équipages des flottes musulmanes en Méditerranée occidentale (VIIIe-Xe siècle).” Medieval Encounters 13 (2007): 413–51.
———. L’Océan Atlantique Musulman de la conquête arabe à l’époque almohade: Navigation et mise en valeur des côtes d’al-Andalus et du Maghreb occidental (Portugal-Espagne-Maroc). Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose/Editions UNESCO, 1997.
Pierce, Richard. “After 5,000 Year Voyage, World’s Oldest Built Boats Deliver: Archeologists’ First Look Confirms Existence of Earliest Royal Boats at Abydos.” www.abc.se/~m10354/mar/abydos.htm.
Pigafetta, Antonio, and James Alexander Robertson. Magellan’s Voyage Around the World. Cleveland: Clark, 1906.
Pilgrim, Donald. “The Colbert-Seignelay Naval Reforms and the Beginnings of the War of the League of Augsburg.” French Historical Studies 9:2 (1975): 235–62.
Pires, Tomé. The Suma Oriental of Tomé Pires: An Account of the East, from the Red Sea to Japan, Written in Malacca and India in 1512–1515. Trans. Armando Cortesão. 2 vols. London: Hakluyt, 1944.
“Pius Mau Piailug, Master Navigator, Died on July 12th, Aged 78.” The Economist (July 24, 2010): 84.
Planhol, Xavier de. L’Islam et la mer: La mosquée et le matelot VIIe-XXe siècle. Paris: Perrin, 2000.
Plato. The Collected Dialogues of Plato. Ed. by Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns, 1225–513. New York: Pantheon, 1961.
Pliny the Elder. Natural History. Trans. H. Rackham. 10 vols. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1938–63.
Plutarch. Plutarch’s Lives. Trans. P. Bernadotte. 11 vols. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1967.
Polanyi, Karl. “Ports of Trade in Early Societies.” Journal of Economic History 23:1 (1963): 30–45.
Polo, Marco. The Travels. Trans. Ronald Latham. New York: Penguin, 1958.
Polybius. The Histories. Trans. W. R. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1975.
———. The Rise of the Roman Empire. Trans. Ian Scott-Kilvert. New York: Penguin, 1980.
Polynesian Voyaging Society. http://pvs.kcc.hawaii.edu/index.html.
Potts, D. T. Arabian Gulf in Antiquity. 2 vols. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1991.
———. Mesopotamian Civilization: The Material Foundations. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1997.
———. “The Parthian Presence in the Arabian Gulf.” In The Indian Ocean in Antiquity, ed. by Reade, 269–85.
Powell, Barry B. Homer. Malden: Blackwell, 2004.
Prakash, Om. “Asian Merchants and the Portuguese Trade in Asia.” In Rivalry and Conflict: European Traders and Asian Trading Networks in the 16th and 17th Centuries, ed. by Ernst van Veen and Leonard Blussé, 131–41. Leiden: CNWS, 2005.
———. “The Indian Maritime Merchant, 1500–1800.” JESHO 47:3 (2004): 436–57.
———. “Trade and Politics in Eighteenth-Century Bengal.” In On the Eighteenth Century as a Category of Asian History, ed. by Blussé and Gaastra, 237–60.
Pritchard, James B. The Ancient Near East. Vol. 1, An Anthology of Text and Pictures. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1958.
Procopius. History of the Wars; The Secret History; Buildings. Trans. H. B. Dewing. 7 vols. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1924–40.
Protocol of Proceedings of Crimea Conference, Agreement Regarding Japan, February 1945. Avalon Project, Yale Law School. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/wwii/yalta.asp.
Pryor, John H. “From Dromon to Galea: Mediterranean Bireme Galleys, ad 500–1300.” In The Age of the Galley, ed. by Gardiner and Morrison, 101–16.
———. Geography, Technology and War: Studies in the Maritime History of the Mediterranean, 649–1571. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988.
———. “The Maritime Republics.” In The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 1198–c. 1300, ed. by David Abulafia and Rosamond McKitterick, 5:419–57. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1999.
———. “Mediterranean Commerce in the Middle Ages: A Voyage Under Contract of Commenda.” Viator 14 (1983): 133–94.
———. “The Naval Battles of Roger of Lauria.” Journal of Medieval History 9 (1983): 179–216.
———. “The Origins of the Commenda Contract.” Speculum 52:1 (1977): 5–37.
———. “The Venetian Fleet for the Fourth Crusade and the Diversion of the Crusade to Constantinople.” In The Experience of Crusading. Vol. 1, Western Approaches, ed. by M. Bull and N. Housley, 103–23. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003.
Pryor, John H., and Elizabeth M. Jeffreys, with Ahmad Shboul. The Age of the Dromon: The Byzantine Navy, ca 500–1204. Leiden: Brill, 2006.
> Pulleyblank, Edwin G. The Background of the Rebellion of An Lu-shan. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1955.
Purchas, Samuel. Hakluytus Posthumus; or, Purchas His Pilgrimes. 20 vols. 1625. Reprint, Glasgow: James MacLehose & Sons, 1905–7.
Qaisar, A. Jan. “Shipbuilding in the Mughal Empire During the Seventeenth Century.” Indian Economic and Social History Review 5 (1968): 149–70.
Quinn, David B., ed. The Voyages and Colonising Enterprises of Sir Humphrey Gilbert. London: Hakluyt, 1940.
Quinn, David B., and Alison M. Quinn. The English New England Voyages, 1602–1608. London: Hakluyt, 1983.
Radell, David R., and James J. Parsons, “Realejo: A Forgotten Colonial Port and Shipbuilding Center in Nicaragua.” Hispanic American Historical Review 51:2 (1971): 295–312.
Radulet, Carmen. “Vasco da Gama and His Successors.” In Portugal, the Pathfinder, ed. by Winius, 133–43.
Randall, Anthony G. “The Timekeeper That Won the Longitude Prize.” In The Quest for Longitude, ed. by Andrewes, 236–54.
Ratcliff, Ronald E. “Building Partners’ Capacity: The Thousand-Ship Navy.” Naval War College Review 60:4 (2007): 45–58.
Ray, Himanshu Prabha. “Early Coastal Trade in the Bay of Bengal.” In The Indian Ocean in Antiquity, ed. by Reade, 351–64.
———. Monastery and Guild: Commerce Under the Satavahanas. New Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press, 1986.
———. “A Resurvey of Roman Contacts with the East.” In Athens, Aden, Arikamedu: Essays on the Interrelations Between India, Arabia, and the Eastern Mediterranean, ed. by Marie-Françoise Boussac and Jean-François Salles, 97–114. New Delhi: Manohar, 1995.
———. “The Yavana Presence in Ancient India.” In Athens, Aden, Arikamedu: Essays on the Interrelations Between India, Arabia, and the Eastern Mediterranean, ed. by Marie-Françoise Boussac and Jean-François Salles, 76–82. New Delhi: Manohar, 1995.
Ray, Rajat Kanta. “Indian Society and British Supremacy.” In The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. 2, The Eighteenth Century, 508–29. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1998.
Reade, Julian, ed. The Indian Ocean in Antiquity. London: Kegan Paul, 1996.
Redford, Donald B. Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1992.
Redmount, Carol. “The Wadi Tumilat and the Canal of the Pharaohs.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 54 (1994): 127–35.
Reed, C. M. Maritime Traders in the Ancient Greek World. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004.
Reed, Robert R. “The Colonial Origins of Manila and Batavia: Desultory Notes on Nascent Metropolitan Primacy and Urban Systems in Southeast Asia.” Asian Studies (Quezon City) 5 (1967): 543–62.
Reid, Anthony. “The Rise and Fall of Sino-Javanese Shipping.” In Charting the Shape of Early Modern Southeast Asia, 56–84. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, 1999.
———. Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450–1680: Expansion and Crisis. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1993.
Reilly, Bernard F. The Medieval Spains. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1993.
Reinert, Stephen W. “The Muslim Presence in Constantinople, 9th–15th Centuries: Some Preliminary Observations.” In Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire, ed. by Hélène Ahrweiler and Angeliki E. Laiou, 125–150. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1998.
Reischauer, Edwin O. Ennin’s Travels in T’ang China. New York: Ronald, 1955.
Rgveda Samhita, vol. 1. Trans. H. H. Wilson and Bhasya of Sayanacarya. New Delhi: Parimal, 1997.
Rickover, Hyman George. How the Battleship Maine Was Destroyed. Washington: Naval History Division, Dept. of the Navy, 1976.
Riess, Warren C. Angel Gabriel: The Elusive English Galleon. Bristol: 1797 House, 2001.
Riley-Smith, Jonathan. The Crusades: A History. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2005.
Rimbert. Anskar, the Apostle of the North. Trans. Charles H. Robinson. London: Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 1921.
Risso, Patricia. Merchants and Faith: Muslim Commerce and Culture in the Indian Ocean. Boulder: Westview, 1995.
Ritchie, G. S. The Admiralty Chart: British Naval Hydrography in the Nineteenth Century. London: Hollis & Carter, 1967.
Ritchie, Robert C. Captain Kidd and the War Against the Pirates. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1986.
Roberts, J. M. History of the World. New York: Knopf, 1976.
Rocca, Edgardo José. “Buenos Aires.” In The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History, ed. by Hattendorf, 1:323–24.
Rockhill, W. W. “Notes on the Relations and Trade of China with the Eastern Archipelago and the Coast of the Indian Ocean During the Fourteenth Century.” Toung Pao 15 (1914): 419–47.
Rodger, N. A. M. The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815. New York: Norton, 2005.
———. “Considerations on Writing a General Naval History.” In Doing Naval History: Essays Toward Improvement, ed. by John B. Hattendorf, 117–28. Newport: Naval War College Press, 1995.
———. “The Development of Broadside Gunnery.” Mariner’s Mirror 82 (1996): 310–24.
———. “Guns and Sails in English Colonization.” In The Oxford History of the British Empire. Vol. 1, The Origins of Empire, ed. by Nicholas Canny, 79–88. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1998.
———. “The Naval Service of the Cinque Ports.” English Historical Review 111:442 (1996): 636–51.
———. “The New Atlantic: Naval Warfare in the Sixteenth Century.” In War at Sea in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, ed. by John B. Hattendorf and Richard W. Unger, 233–48. Rochester, NY: Boydell, 2003.
———. The Safeguard of the Sea: A Naval History of Britain, 660–1649. New York: Norton, 1998.
———. The Wooden World: An Anatomy of the Georgian Navy. New York: Norton, 1996.
Røksund, Arne. The Jeune Ecole: The Strategy of the Weak. Leiden: Brill, 2007.
Roland, Alex, W. Jeffrey Bolster, and Alexander Keyssar. The Way of the Ship: America’s Maritime History Reenvisioned, 1600–2000. New York: Wiley, 2008.
Roosevelt, Theodore. The Works of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: Scribner’s, 1923.
Roover, Florence Edler de. “Early Examples of Marine Insurance.” Journal of Economic History 5:2 (1945): 172–200.
Rose, Susan. Medieval Naval Warfare, 1000–1500. London: Routledge, 2002.
Ross, Lillian. “Where Are They Now? The Kaiser’s Yacht.” The New Yorker (June 22, 1946): 66–80.
Rossabi, Morris. Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1988.
Rougeulle, Axelle. “Medieval Trade Networks in the Western Indian Ocean (8th–14th Centuries): Some Reflections from the Distribution Patterns of Chinese Imports in the Islamic World.” In Tradition and Archaeology: Early Maritime Contacts in the Indian Ocean, ed. by Himanshu Prabha Ray and Jean-François Salles, 159–80. New Delhi: Manohar, 1999.
Rubin, Julius, “An Innovating Public Improvement: The Erie Canal.” In Canals and American Economic Development, ed. by Carter Goodrich, 15–66. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1961.
Rule, Margaret, and Jason Monaghan. A Gallo-Roman Trading Vessel from Guernsey: The Excavation and Recovery of a Third Century Shipwreck. Candie Gardens: Guernsey Museums & Galleries, 1993.
Runciman, Steven. “Byzantine Trade and Industry.” In The Cambridge Economic History of Europe. Vol. 2, Trade and Industry in the Middle Ages, ed. by M. M. Postan, 132–67. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1987.
Russell, P. E. Prince Henry “the Navigator.” New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2001.
Russell-Wood, A. J. R. World on the Move: The Portuguese in Africa, Asia, and America, 1415–1808. New York: St. Martin’s, 1992.
Ryan, W. F. “Peter the Great and English Maritime Technology.” In Peter the Great and the West: New Perspectives, ed. by Lindsey Hughes, 130–58. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000.
Sail Training Assoc. of Western Aust
ralia website. Duyfken 1606 Replica Foundation. http://www.stawa.org.au/linksmain.html.
Sakamaki, Shunzo. “The Heike: From Defeat at Dannoura to a Golden Age in Ryukyu?” Journal of Asian Studies 27:1 (1967): 115–22.
Salles, Jean-François. “Achaemenid and Hellenistic Trade in the Indian Ocean.” In The Indian Ocean in Antiquity, ed. by Reade, 251–67.
Salmon, E. T. “The Coloniae Maritimae.” Athenaeum 41 (1963): 3–38.
Salomon, Richard. “On the Origin of the Early Indian Scripts: A Review Article.” JAOS 115:2 (1995): 271–79.
Sandars, N. K. The Sea Peoples: Warriors of the Ancient Mediterranean, 1250–1150 b.c. London: Thames & Hudson, 1978.
Sansom, George B. A History of Japan. 3 vols. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1958–63.
Sawyer, Peter. “The Viking Expansion.” In The Cambridge History of Scandinavia. Vol. 1, Prehistory to 1520, ed. by Knut Helle, 104–20. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003.
Schafer, Edward H. The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A Study of T’ang Exotics. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1963.
———. The Vermilion Bird: T’ang Images of the South. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1967.
Schilder, Günter, and Marco van Egmond. “Maritime Cartography in the Low Countries During the Renaissance.” In The History of Cartography. Vol. 3, Cartography in the Renaissance, ed. by David Woodward, 1384–432. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2007.
Schildhauer, Johannes. The Hansa: History and Culture. Leipzig: Edition Leipzig, 1985.
Schom, Alan. Trafalgar: Countdown to Battle, 1803–1805. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1990.
Schonfield, Hugh J. The Suez Canal in Peace and War, 1869–1969. Coral Gables: Univ. of Miami Press, 1969.
Schottenhammer, Angela. “Transfer of Xiangyao from Iran and Arabia to China—A Reinvestigation of Entries in the Youyang zazu (863).” In Aspects of the Maritime Silk Road: From the Persian Gulf to the East China Sea, ed. by Ralph Kauz, 117–49. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2010.
Schultz, Charles R. Forty-niners ’Round the Horn. Columbia: Univ. of South Carolina Press, 1999.
Schurz, William Lytle. The Manila Galleon. 1939. Reprint, Manila: Historical Conservation Society, 1985.
The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World Page 100