Meiji Restoration
Mekong River, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 11.1, 11.2
Melaka, 13.1, 15.1
Chinese and, 13.1, 13.2, 15.1, 17.1
Portuguese and, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3
Melanesia, 1.1, 1.2
Melqart
Meluhha, 3.1, 4.1, 10.1
Memphis, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 6.1
Mennonites, 16.1, 17.1
Mercator, Gerard
Merchant Shipping Act (1836)
Merchant Shipping Act (1876)
Merenre
Merovingians
Merrimac, USS,
Mesoamerica, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
Mesopotamia, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 10.1, 19.1
eastern trade of, itr.1, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1, 6.2, 13.1
Egypt and, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
geography of
literacy and myths in, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2
maritime law in, 3.1, 3.2
Mediterranean and, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
shipbuilding in, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2
Messina, Strait of, 5.1, 8.1
Mexico, 1.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3
Spanish in, 14.1, 15.1, 17.1
Mexico City, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 18.1n
Mexico, Gulf of, 16.1, 19.1, 19.2, 20.1
Michael VIII, Palaiologos
Micronesia, 1.1n, 1.2, 1.3, 19.1, nts.1n
Middle East, 17.1, 19.1, 20.1
migration, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4
to Africa, 6.1, 10.1
to Americas, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 17.1, 17.2
in ancient Near East, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1
in Asia, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1, 11.2, 13.1, 13.2
European, 1.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 12.1
modern, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 19.1
Milan
Miletus, itr.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1
Mimana
Minamoto clan
Ming Chengzu, 13.1, 13.2
Ming Dynasty, 13.1, 15.1, 16.1
Ming Taizu, 13.1, 13.2
Ming Xuanzong
Mingzhou, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 13.1, 13.2
foreign merchants in, 11.1, 13.1, 15.1
Minnesota, 18.1
Minoans, 3.1, 3.2
Minorca, 17.1, 17.2
Miranda Guinness
Misenum
Mississippi River, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 7.1, 16.1, 20.1
steam navigation on
Civil War
Mithras
Mithridates VI
Mithridatic Wars, 5.1, 8.1
Mitsubishi Company
Mitsubishi Mail Steamship Co.
Mitanni Empire, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2
Mittelberger, Gottlieb
Mobile, 16.1, 19.1
Mocha, 4.1, 6.1, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 17.1
Mogadishu, Somalia, 10.1, 13.1, 13.2
Mogador, 4.1, 4.2
Mohenjo Daro
Moitessier, Bernard
Mombasa, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1
Mongolia, 7.1, 11.1, 16.1
Mongols, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1, 13.2
empire, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2
overseas invasions, itr.1, 13.1
Monitor, USS,
Moniz, Filipa
monoxylon
Monroe Doctrine
monsoons, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 13.1
described, 3.1, 3.2, 6.1n, 7.1
sailing season and, 10.1, 7.1, 10.2, 10.3
Monsoon Seas, itr.1, 6.1, 13.1, 16.1, 17.1
Europeans in, itr.1, 13.1, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1
expansion of, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 13.1
integration of, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 13.1
stability of, 13.1, 13.2
Montreal, 16.1, 17.1, 18.1
Morgan, J. P.
Moriuht
Morocco, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1n
Morris, Gouverneur
Moscow, 15.1, 17.1
Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation
Moses, 3.1, 3.2
mosques, 10.1, 13.1, 15.1
Mosul
Moundbuilders
Mozambique, 6.1, 10.1, 14.1, 15.1
Mozambique Island, 14.1, 15.1
mtepes
Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3
Müezzinzâde Ali Pasha
Mughal Empire, 15.1, 17.1
Mughals
Muhajirun
Muhammad (the prophet), 8.1, 8.2
Mullen, Michael
Mumbai, 6.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 15.1, 16.1
Muqaddasi, al-, vii, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3
Musa ibn Nusayr
Musandam Peninsula, 6.1, 10.1
Musashi
Muscat
Muscovy, Grand Duchy of
Muscovy Company, 15.1
Muslims, see Islam and Muslims
muwalladun
Muziris, 6.1, 6.2
Myanmar, 6.1, 10.1, 13.1, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2
Mycenae, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4
Mycenaeans, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1
Myeongryang, battle of
Mylae, battle of, 5.1, 5.2
Myos Hormos, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Mysore, Sultan of
Nagapattinam, 10.1, 13.1
nagarams
Nagasaki, 15.1, 16.1, 18.1
Nagumo, Chuichi
Nalanda
Namibia, 1.1, 14.1
Nanhai, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 10.1, 13.1
Nanjing, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 16.1
Nanking, Treaty of
Nantes
Nantucket, 18.1, 18.2
Nanyue kingdom
Nanzhao, kingdom of, 11.1, 11.2
nao, 14.1, 15.1, 16.1
nãos, 14.1, 14.2
Napata, 2.1, 2.2
Naples, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 8.2, 12.1
Naples, Bay of, 4.1, 5.1
Napoleon Bonaparte, 15.1n, 17.1
Napoleonic Wars, 17.1, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 19.1
Naqada, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Narasimhavarman II
Nares, George Strong
Narmada River, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1
Naseby, 16.1, 16.2
Nasir-i Khusraw
Nassau-class battleship,
Natchez, 18.1, 19.1
National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933
Native Americans, 1.1, 16.1
NATO
naukleroi
Naukratis
Naulochus, battle of
Nautilus, USS,
navadhyaksa
naval aviation
Naval Defence Act
Naval Statute of 1720
naves, 12.1, 14.1
navicula
Navigation Acts, 17.1, 18.1, 20.1
navigational instruments
see also compass
navigation guides, 13.1, 15.1
European, 14.1, 16.1, 17.1
Greek and Roman, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Indian Ocean, 10.1, nts.1n
navi grosse
Navy Board
Navy League
Navy Royal, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2
see also Royal Navy
Naxos Island, 4.1, 8.1
Nearchus, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1
Necho II, 4.1, 6.1, 18.1
Neck, Jacob van
Neckham, Alexander
Nelson, Admiral Horatio
Nemesis
Neo-Assyrian Empire
Neo-Babylonian Empire, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1
Neo-Confucianism
Neolithic Age
neorion
Nero, 4.1, 5.1
Nestor
Netherlands, 9.1, 9.2, 16.1, 17.1, 18.1
Asia and, 16.1, 18.1
commerce in, 15.1, 16.1, 17.1
England and, 15.1, 17.1, 17.2
geography of, 9.1, 15.1, 18.1
shipbuilding in, 15.1, 15.2, 17.1
Spain and, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 16.1
see also Dutch Republic; Spanish Netherlands
neutrality, 8.1, 17.1, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 20.1
Neva River, 9.1, 17.1
“New and More Complete Representation of the . . . Globe” (Mercator)
Newark, 20.1, 20.2
New Caledonia, 1.1, 1.2
New England, 1.1, 16.1, 17.1
fisheries of, 16.1, 17.1, 18.1
New France, Company of, 16.1, nts.1n
New Guinea, 7.1, 13.1n, 14.1, 17.1
earliest settlement of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
New Jersey, 18.1, 20.1
Newnan’s Lake vessels, 1.1, 1.2
New Orleans, 7.1, 17.1, 18.1, 19.1, 19.2
and Mississippi trade, itr.1, 16.1, 18.1
port of, 18.1, 19.1, 20.1, 20.2
New Orleans
New Spain, 1.1, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 17.1
New York and Liverpool United States Mail Steamship Company
New York Board of Underwriters
New York City, 10.1, 18.1, 20.1
in American Revolution, 17.1, 19.1
colonial, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3
distances from, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1
domestic trade and, 18.1, 19.1, 20.1
foreign trade and, 17.1, 17.2, 18.1
steamships at, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3
New York Daily Times
New York Herald
New York Post
New York Times
New Zealand, 17.1, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1, 20.1
first settlement of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
ngalawa
Nicaea, Empire of
Nicias
Nicias, Peace of
Nicobar Islands, 7.1, 10.1
Nieupoort, battle of
Nieuw Amsterdam, 16.1, 16.2
Nihongi
Nikephoros Phokas
Nile River, 2.1, 5.1, 6.1, 14.1, 14.2, nts.1n
capitals on, 2.1, 8.1, 12.1
as cradle of navigation, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1
delta, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 8.1, 12.1, 14.1
and Red Sea canal, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.1, nts.1n
and Red Sea trade, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1, 10.2
shipbuilding on, 2.1, 2.2
trade on
Nimitz, Chester W.
Niña, 14.1, 14.2
Nineveh, 4.1, 4.2
Nine Years’ War, 16.1, 17.1, 17.2
Ningbo, 11.1, 15.1, 18.1, 19.1
Nissa, battle of
Noah, 3.1, 3.2
Nobel, Alfred
Nobel, Ludwig
Noirmoutier
Nombre de Dios
Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth), 1.1, 1.2
Nootka Sound, 15.1, 17.1, 17.2
Norddeutscher Lloyd
Nordenfelt, Thorsten
Nordenskiöld, Adolf
Normandie
Normandy, Allied landings in
Normandy, Duchy of
Normans, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3
North, Lord
North Africa, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1, 12.2, 19.1
in antiquity, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6
Byzantines and, 8.1, 8.2
Europeans in, 9.1, 9.2, 14.1, 15.1, 17.1
grain trade of, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1, 12.1
imports and exports, 8.1, 12.1, 12.2
Islam in, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1
Italians and, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4
ships and sailors, 2.1, 8.1, 14.1
North Carolina, 16.1, 16.2, 19.1
Northeast Passage, 14.1, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 18.1, 20.1
Northern Dvina
Northern Song Dynasty, 11.1n, 11.2, 13.1
sea trade and, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3
North Foreland, battle of
North Pole
North River Steam Boat
North Sea, 9.1, 12.1, 14.1, 20.1
fisheries, 16.1n, 16.2
Hansa and, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4
Middle Ages, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5
naval actions on, 17.1, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3
rivers to, 9.1, 12.1, 18.1
North Star, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3
Northumbria, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
Northwest Passage, 15.1, 16.1, 17.1, 17.2, 18.1
Norway, 1.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 12.1
settlements and, 1.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
shipbuilding in, 9.1, 9.2, 18.1
trade of, 9.1, 9.2, 15.1
Vikings and, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
Noryang, battle of
Nova Albion
Nova Scotia, 1.1, 16.1, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2
Novgorod, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 12.1
Nubia, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4
nuclear power, 19.1, 20.1, 20.2
Nuestra Señora de la Concepción
Nuestra Señora de la Covadonga
Numenius
Numidians
Nur al-Din
Nuruddin Firuz
nutmeg, 10.1, 10.2, 13.1, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2
Nydam boat
NYK Line
Nymphaeum, Treaty of
Nystad, Treaty of
Nzinga, King
oarsmen, 2.1, 12.1, 12.2
in Asian vessels, 7.1, 11.1, 13.1
in galleys, 4.1, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2
Ocean-class ships
Oceania, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 17.1
boats of, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1
navigation in, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1, 6.2
Ocean Notes for Ladies (Ledoux),
Ocean Steam Ship Co.
Oceanus
Oc Eo
Octavian, see Augustus
oculus
Oddr Snorrason, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
Oder River, 9.1, 9.2, 12.1
Odessa
Odysseus, itr.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1
Odyssey (Homer), 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2
Of the Dominion, or Ownership of the Sea (Selden), 16.1, 16.2
Ogedei
Ohio River, itr.1, 1.1, 18.1, 19.1
Ohthere
oil, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1, 20.1
fish, 1.1, 3.1, 16.1
fuel, 3.1, 3.2, 8.1, 15.1, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 20.1
olive, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 9.1, 20.1, nts.1n
scented, 2.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2
in shipbuilding, 3.1, 10.1, 13.1, nts.1n
tankers 19.1, 18.1, 20.1
vegetable, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 16.1
whale, 1.1, 9.1, 10.1, 18.1
Okhotsk, itr.1, 17.1
Okinawa, 19.1, nts.1n
Olaf Haraldson
Olaf Tryggvason, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
Olaudah Equiano
Olbia, 4.1, 4.2
Oldenbarnevelt, Johan van
Old Kingdom, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 3.1, 6.1
Old Testament
Oleg
Olivares, Count-Duke of, 16.1, 16.2
Olmecs, 1.1, 1.2
Olympias
Oman, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 13.1, 16.1
in Bronze Age, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
trade of, 10.1, 10.2, 13.1
Oman, Gulf of, 6.1, 10.1
Ontario, Lake
On the Chinese and Arab Trade (Zhao),
On the Erythraean Sea (Agatharchides),
On the Oceans (Pytheas),
Ophir, 4.1, 6.1
Opium Wars, 18.1, 18.2, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3
Oquendo, Antonio de, 16.1, 16.2
Oregon, 1.1, 18.1
Oregon, USS,
Orellana, Francisco de
Øresund, 9.1, 12.1, 15.1, 15.2
oriental, 2.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2
Orinoco River, 1.1, 1.2, 14.1, 16.1
Orissa, 6.1, 10.1, 17.1, nts.1n
Orkney Islands, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 19.1
Ormr inn Langi, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
Orosius, Paulus
Orseolo, Pietro II
Orthodox Empire of Trebizond
Osceola
Oseberg ship
Oslofjord, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3
Ostia, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4
Ostrogoths
Otranto, Strait of, 8.1, 12.1
Ottoman Empire, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2, 20.1
and Portuguese, 15.1, 15.2
Russia and, 17.1, 19.1
Ottoman navy, 15.1, 15.2, 19.1, 19.2
Ouse River, 9.1, 9.2
outriggers, 1.1–1.2, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
, 10.1
Pachymeres, George
Pacific
Pacific Ocean, 6.1, 7.1, 15.1, 18.1
crossing of, 1.1, 14.1, 14.2, 15.1, 16.1, 17.1, 20.1
division of, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2
environment of, 1.1, 1.2, 14.1
exploration of, 17.1, 18.1
ports of, itr.1, 13.1, 15.1
routes across, itr.1, 15.1, 15.2, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 20.1, 20.2
settlement of, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
steamships on, 18.1, 18.2
U.S. interest in, 18.1, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4, 19.5, 19.6
World War II in, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3
see also Oceania
Pacific Mail Steamship Co.
Pacific Rim theory
Pacific War (WWII), 19.1, 19.2
padrón real
Pagan Burma, 10.1, 13.1
Paixhans, Henri-Joseph
Pakistan, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 10.1
Indus civilization in, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
Palembang, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 13.1, nts.1n
Palermo, 2.1, 8.1, 8.2, 12.1, 12.2
Palermo Stone, 2.1, nts.1n
Palestine, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 10.1
Pallava kingdom, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1
Palmer, Nathaniel
Panama, 14.1, 15.1, 17.1, 18.1, 19.1, 20.1
Panama, Gulf of
Panama, Isthmus of, 15.1, 19.1
Panduranga
Pandya, 6.1, 6.2, 13.1
Panpan, 7.1, 10.1
papal bulls, 14.1, 14.2
Papal States
papyrus, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1
Paramesvara
pardesi
Paris, 9.1, 9.2
Paris, Declaration of, 19.1, 19.2
Paris, Treaty of
Parker, Hyde
Parliament, 16.1, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3
maritime legislation, 16.1, 16.2, 18.1
rewards offered by, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3
Parma, Duke of
Parsons, Charles A.
Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company
Parthian Empire, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2
Patala (Potana), 6.1, 6.2
Pataliputra, 6.1, 6.2
Paterson, William
Patna, 6.1, 18.1
Patrick, Saint
Pattani, 16.1, 16.2
Pattinappalai (Uruthirankannanar), 6.1, 6.2, 13.1
Pavia, 12.1, 12.2
Pax Mediterraneana, 5.1, 8.1
Pax Mongolica, 12.1, 13.1
Pax Romana, 5.1, 8.1
Pearl Harbor, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3
Pearl River, 7.1n, 13.1, 15.1, 16.1
Pegolotti, Francesco Balducci
Peloponnese, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 12.1
Persian Wars and, 4.1, 4.2
Peloponnesian League
Peloponnesian Wars, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1
Pemba Island, 10.1, 10.2
Penang, 18.1, 18.2
Peninsular & Oriental Steam Navigation Co.
Penn, William, 16.1, 16.2
Pennsylvania, 16.1, 17.1, 18.1
Penobscot, 1.1, 17.1
penteconters
pentereis
Peoples of the West, The (Yu),
Pepin II
Pepin III
pepper trade, 6.1, 13.1n, 13.2, 14.1, 17.1
Chinese, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 17.1
early modern, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 16.1, 16.2, 17.1
medieval, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3
Pepy II
Pepys, Samuel, 16.1, 16.2
The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World Page 108
