Between rows and rows of long wooden huts splashed with the scarlet and yellow of nasturtiums, we found the white placard: No. 24 GENERAL HOSPITAL. The camp, which I had noticed from the train only a few weeks before, seemed quite familiar, and in spite of Betty’s absence I did not feel lonely in the boarded mess-room with its green and red chintz curtains, and its vivid dahlias standing in pickle-jars upon the scrubbed trestle tables. Although I had been such a short time in England, with its diminishing rations, it was quite strange to see unlimited butter and sugar again.
That evening, when I had unpacked in the small wood and canvas shanty - known as an Alwyn hut - which had to be shared between the red-haired S. and myself, I sat down to rest on the grass of the Sisters’ compound, where some allotment enthusiast had succeeded in growing a row of strong-smelling cabbages. S. was not a soothing companion; her active service kit seemed a mystery to her, and like most novices she had brought too many possessions, including an array of boots and shoes worthy of a debutante at her first house-party. Since offers of help only rendered her the more voluble, I left her struggling to adapt her belongings to half a dozen nails and a few square feet of space, and surrendered myself to the spell - unspoilt even by the pervasiveness of the cabbages in the damp, warm air - that France had already cast upon me.
The noise of the distant guns was a sense rather than a sound; sometimes a quiver shook the earth, a vibration trembled upon the wind, when I could actually hear nothing. But that sense made any feeling of complete peace impossible; in the atmosphere was always the tenseness, the restlessness, the slight rustling, that comes before an earthquake or with imminent thunder. The glamour of the place was even more compelling, though less delirious, than the enchantment of Malta’s beauty; it could not be banished though one feared and resisted it, knowing that it had to be bought at the cost of loss and frustration. France was the scene of titanic, illimitable death, and for this very reason it had become the heart of the fiercest living ever known to any generation. Nothing was permanent; everyone and everything was always on the move; friendships were temporary, appointments were temporary, life itself was the most temporary of all. Never, in any time or place, had been so appropriate the lament of ‘James Lee’s Wife’:
To draw one beauty into our hearts’ core,
And keep it changeless! such our claim;
So answered, - Never more!
Whenever I think of the War to-day, it is not as summer but always as winter; always as cold and darkness and discomfort, and an intermittent warmth of exhilarating excitement which made us irrationally exult in all three. Its permanent symbol, for me, is a candle stuck in the neck of a bottle, the tiny flame flickering in an ice-cold draught, yet creating a miniature illusion of light against an opaque infinity of blackness.
4
The next morning saw me begin an experience which I remember as vividly as anything that happened in my various hospitals.
Soon after our arrival the Matron, a beautiful, stately woman who looked unbelievably young for her South African ribbons, had questioned us all on our previous experience. I was now the owner of an ‘efficiency stripe’ - a length of scarlet braid which V.A.D.s were entitled to wear on their sleeve if they had served for more than a year in military hospitals and had reached what their particular authority regarded as a high standard of competence - and when I told the Matron of my work in Malta, she remarked with an amused, friendly smile that I was ‘quite an old soldier’. This pleasant welcome confirmed a rumour heard in Boulogne that the hospital was very busy and every pair of practised hands likely to count. I was glad to be once more where the work was strenuous, but though I knew that 24 General had a special section for prisoners, I was hardly prepared for the shock of being posted, on the strength of my Malta experience, to the acute and alarming German ward.
The hospital was unusually cosmopolitan, as in addition to German prisoners it took Portuguese officers, but I can recall nothing about these except their habit of jumping off the tram and publicly relieving themselves on the way to Le Touquet. Most of the prisoners were housed - if the word can be justified - in large marquees, but one hut was reserved for very serious cases. In August 1917 its occupants - the heritage of Messines and the Yser - were soon to be replenished by the new battles in the Salient which have given their sombre immortality to the Menin Road and Passchendaele Ridge.
Although we still, I believe, congratulate ourselves on our impartial care of our prisoners, the marquees were often damp, and the ward was under-staffed whenever there happened to be a push - which seemed to be always - and the number of badly wounded and captured Germans became in consequence excessive. One of the things I like best to remember about the War is the nonchalance with which the Sisters and V.A.D.s in the German ward took for granted that it was they who must be overworked, rather than the prisoners neglected. At the time that I went there the ward staff had passed a self-denying ordinance with regard to half days, and only took an hour or two off when the work temporarily slackened.
Before the War I had never been in Germany and had hardly met any Germans apart from the succession of German mistresses at St Monica’s, every one of whom I had hated with a provincial schoolgirl’s pitiless distaste for foreigners. So it was somewhat disconcerting to be pitch-forked, all alone - since V.A.D.s went on duty half an hour before Sisters - into the midst of thirty representatives of the nation which, as I had repeatedly been told, had crucified Canadians, cut off the hands of babies, and subjected pure and stainless females to unmentionable ‘atrocities’. I didn’t think I had really believed all those stories, but I wasn’t quite sure. I half expected that one or two of the patients would get out of bed and try to rape me, but I soon discovered that none of them were in a position to rape anybody, or indeed to do anything but cling with stupendous exertion to a life in which the scales were already weighted heavily against them.
At least a third of the men were dying; their daily dressings were not a mere matter of changing huge wads of stained gauze and wool, but of stopping hæmorrhages, replacing intestines and draining and re-inserting innumerable rubber tubes. Attached to the ward was a small theatre, in which acute operations were performed all day by a medical officer with a swarthy skin and a rolling brown eye; he could speak German, and before the War had been in charge, I was told, of a German hospital in some tropical region of South America. During the first two weeks, he and I and the easy-going Charge-Sister worked together pleasantly enough. I often wonder how we were able to drink tea and eat cake in the theatre - as we did all day at frequent intervals - in that fœtid stench, with the thermometer about 90 degrees in the shade, and the saturated dressings and yet more gruesome human remnants heaped on the floor. After the ‘light medicals’ that I had nursed in Malta, the German ward might justly have been described as a regular baptism of blood and pus.
While the operations went on I was usually left alone in the ward with the two German orderlies, Zeppel and Fritz, to dress as best I could the worst wounds that I had ever seen or imagined.
‘I would have written yesterday . . . but I was much too busy,’ runs a typical letter to my mother. ‘I did not get off duty at all, and all afternoon and evening I had the entire ward to myself, as Sister was in the operating theatre from 1.30 to 8.0; we had fifteen operations. Some of the things I have to do would make your hair stand on end!’
Soon after my arrival, the first Sister-in-charge was replaced by one of the most remarkable members of the nursing profession in France or anywhere else. In an unpublished novel into which, a few weeks after leaving Étaples, I introduced a good many scenes from 24 General, I drew her portrait as that of its chief character, Hope Milroy, and it is by this name, rather than her own, that I always remember her. Sister Milroy was a highbrow in active revolt against highbrows; connected on one side with a famous family of clerics, and on the other with an equally celebrated household of actors and actresses, she had deliberately chosen a hospital training in preferen
ce to the university education for which heredity seemed to have designed her, though no one ever suffered fools less gladly than she. When she first came to the ward her furious re-organisations were devastating, and she treated the German orderlies and myself with impartial contempt. On behalf of the patients she displayed determination and efficiency but never compassion; to her they were all ‘Huns’, though she dressed their wounds with gentleness and skill.
‘Nurse!’ she would call to me in her high disdainful voice, pointing to an unfortunate patient whose wound unduly advertised itself. ‘For heaven’s sake get the iodoform powder and scatter it over that filthy Hun!’
The staff of 24 General described her as ‘mental’, not realising that she used her reputation for eccentricity and the uncompromising candour which it was supposed to excuse as a means of demanding more work from her subordinates than other Sisters were able to exact. At first I detested her dark attractiveness and sarcastic, relentless youth, but when I recognised her for what she was - by far the cleverest woman in the hospital, even if potentially the most alarming, and temperamentally as fitful as a weathercock - we became constant companions off duty. After the conscientious stupidity of so many nurses, a Sister with unlimited intelligence and deliberately limited altruism was pleasantly stimulating, though she was so incalculable, and such a baffling mixture of convention and independence, that a long spell of her society demanded a good deal of reciprocal energy.
The desire for ‘heaps to do and no time to think’ that I had expressed at Devonshire House was certainly being fulfilled, though I still did think occasionally, and more especially, perhaps, when I was nursing the German officers, who seemed more bitterly conscious of their position as prisoners than the men. There were about half a dozen of these officers, separated by a green curtain from the rest of the ward, and I found their punctilious manner of accepting my ministrations disconcerting long after I had grown accustomed to the other patients.
One tall, bearded captain would invariably stand to attention when I had re-bandaged his arm, click his spurred heels together, and bow with ceremonious gravity. Another badly wounded boy - a Prussian lieutenant who was being transferred to England - held out an emaciated hand to me as he lay on the stretcher waiting to go, and murmured: ‘I tank you, Sister.’ After barely a second’s hesitation I took the pale fingers in mine, thinking how ridiculous it was that I should be holding this man’s hand in friendship when perhaps, only a week or two earlier, Edward up at Ypres had been doing his best to kill him. The world was mad and we were all victims; that was the only way to look at it. These shattered, dying boys and I were paying alike for a situation that none of us had desired or done anything to bring about. Somewhere, I remembered, I had seen a poem called ‘To Germany’, which put into words this struggling new idea; it was written, I discovered afterwards, by Charles Hamilton Sorley, who was killed in action in 1915:
You only saw your future bigly planned,
And we, the tapering paths of our own mind,
And in each other’s dearest ways we stand,
And hiss and hate. And the blind fight the blind.
‘It is very strange that you should be nursing Hun prisoners,’ wrote Edward from the uproar in the Salient, ‘and it does show how absurd the whole thing is; I am afraid leave is out of the question for the present; I am going to be very busy as I shall almost certainly have to command the coy. in the next show . . . Belgium is a beastly country, at least this part of it is; it seems to breathe little-mindedness, and all the people are on the make or else spies. I will do my best to write you a decent letter soon if possible; I know I haven’t done so yet since I came out - but I am feeling rather worried because I hate the thought of shouldering big responsibilities with the doubtful assistance of ex-N.C.O. subalterns. Things are much more difficult than they used to be, because nowadays you never know where you are in the line and it is neither open warfare nor trench warfare.’
A few days afterwards he was promoted, as he had expected, to be acting captain, and a letter at the end of August told me that he had just completed his course of instruction for the forthcoming ‘strafe’.
‘Captain B.,’ he concluded, ‘is now in a small dug-out with our old friend Wipers on the left front, and though he has got the wind up because he is in command of the company and may have to go up the line at any moment, all is well for the present.’
5
In the German ward we knew only too certainly when ‘the next show’ began. With September the ‘Fall In’ resumed its embarrassing habit of repetition, and when we had no more beds available for prisoners, stretchers holding angry-eyed men in filthy brown blankets occupied an inconvenient proportion of the floor. Many of our patients arrived within twenty-four hours of being wounded; it seemed strange to be talking amicably to a German officer about the ‘Putsch’ he had been in the previous morning on the opposite side to our own.
Nearly all the prisoners bore their dreadful dressings with stoical fortitude, and one or two waited phlegmatically for death. A doomed twenty-year-old boy, beautiful as the young Hyacinth in spite of the flush on his concave cheeks and the restless, agonised biting of his lips, asked me one evening in a courteous whisper how long he had to wait before he died. It was not very long; the screens were round his bed by the next afternoon.
Although this almost unbearable stoicism seemed to be an understood discipline which the men imposed upon themselves, the ward atmosphere was anything but peaceful. The cries of the many delirious patients combined with the ravings of the five or six that we always had coming round from an anæsthetic to turn the hut into pandemonium; cries of ‘Schwester! ’ and ‘Kamerad! ’ sounded all day. But only one prisoner - a nineteen-year-old Saxon boy with saucer-like blue eyes and a pink-and-white complexion, whose name I never knew because everybody called him ‘the Fish’ - demanded constant attention. He was, he took care to tell us, ‘ein einziger Knabe ’. Being a case of acute empyema as the result of a penetrating chest wound, he was only allowed a milk diet, but continually besieged the orderlies for ‘Fleisch, viel Brot, Kartoffeln!’
‘Nicht so viel schreien, Fisch! ’ I scolded him. ‘Die anderen sind auch krank, nicht Sie allein!’
But I felt quite melancholy when I came on duty one morning to learn that he had died in the night.
There was no time, however, for regrets, since I had to spend half that day sitting beside a small, middle-aged Bavarian who was slowly bleeding to death from the subclavian artery. The hæmorrhage was too deep-seated to be checked, and Hope Milroy went vehemently through the dressings with her petrified cavalcade of orderlies while I gave the dying man water, and wiped the perspiration from his face. On the other side of the bed a German-speaking Nonconformist padre murmured the Lord’s Prayer; the sombre resonance of its conclusion sounded like the rolling of some distant organ:
‘Und vergieb uns unsere Schulden, wie wir unsern Schuldigern vergeben. Und führe uns nicht in Versuchung, sondern erlöse uns von dem Übel. Denn Dein ist das Reich und die Kraft und die Herrlichkeit in Ewigkeit, Amen.’
But the dying patient was not much interested in the forgiveness of his sins; the evil from which neither friends nor enemies could deliver him prevailed all too obviously.
‘Schwester, liebe Schwester! ’ he whispered, clutching at my hand. ‘Ich bin schwach - so schwach!’
When I came back from luncheon he too had died, and Hope Milroy was sitting exhausted at the table.
‘I’ve just laid that man out,’ she said; ‘and now I want some tea. I don’t care about watching a man bleed to death under my very eyes, even if he is a Hun.’
Before making the tea, I went behind the screens to take a last look at the wax doll on the bed. Now that the lids had closed over the anxious, pleading eyes, the small bearded face was devoid of expression. The window above the body happened to be closed, and Hope called to me to open it.
‘I always open the windows when they die - so as to let their souls go out,�
�� she explained.
Plenty of fresh air was, of course, desirable for many other reasons. September that year was as hot and damp as August had been, and after several weeks in an atmosphere heavy with sepsis, we were both suffering from an uncomfortable variety of those inconveniences known to hospitals as ‘d. and v.’ which we called ‘Étaplitis’.
Such was my life in the German ward. In the middle of September it ended abruptly with a bewildering rumpus, of which I appeared to be the victim rather than the culprit. Although I had been two years with the Army, I was still very innocent; I may be mistaken in supposing that I am less so now, but I am no more certain to-day than I was then of the reason for my sudden transfer to an English surgical ward.
Amongst the prisoners was a twenty-two-year-old medical student whom we called Alfred; he often helped with the operations, and being a natural intriguer, was apt to gossip and cause trouble. One morning I discovered Hope Milroy involved in an acrimonious dispute with both him and the M.O.; all day she strenuously kept me out of the theatre, and after tea I found myself, unaccountably, in the Matron’s office.
‘I’m very sorry indeed, nurse, that you’ve been so much annoyed by that dreadful man,’ the Matron amazingly began. ‘I do hope it hasn’t upset you very much. I’ve arranged for you to go to another ward to-morrow morning.’
Testament of Youth: An Autobiographical Study of the Years 1900-1925 Page 41
