by Mark Zuehlke
24 Ibid, 137-38.
25 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade, Appendix 35, 2.
26 Nicholson, 150-51.
27 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 138.
28 Nicholson, 151.
29 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade, Appendix 35, 2.
30 H. M. Urquhart, personal diary, University of Victoria Special Collections, n.p.
31 14th Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, June 1916, Appendix: “Counterattack on Maple Copse and Observatory Ridge Positions,” Library and Archives Canada, 2.
32 Urquhart, diary, n.p.
33 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade, Appendix 35, 4.
34 Ibid, 4.
35 Nicholson, 152.
36 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 141.
37 Ibid, 142.
38 Ibid, 142-44.
39 Nicholson, 153.
40 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 385.
41 Ibid, 144.
42 Ibid, 148-49.
43 Ian V. Hogg and John Weeks, Military Small Arms of the 20th Century (Northbrook, IL: DBI Books, n.d.), 285.
44 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 144-50.
45 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade, June 1916, Appendix 52, 6.
46 Nicholson, 153-54.
47 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 154.
Chapter Seven: Crisis in the Somme—August 9-October 11, 1916
1 G. W. L. Nicholson, Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919 (Queen’s Printer: Ottawa, 1964), 160.
2 Jay Winter and Blaine Baggett, The Great War: And the Shaping of the 20th Century (New York: Penguin Studio, 1996), 157.
3 Nicholson, 161-62.
4 Ibid, 163.
5 H. M. Urquhart, The History of the 16th Battalion (The Canadian Scottish) Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War, 1914- 1919 (Toronto: The MacMillan Company of Canada, 1932), 163-68.
6 Ibid, 168.
7 Ibid, 169.
8 Ibid, 169-70.
9 Ibid, 169-70.
10 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, September 1916, Appendix 8, Library and Archives Canada, n.p.
11 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 172-74.
12 Nicholson, 166.
13 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 406.
14 Ibid, 173-74.
15 Nicholson, 168.
16 David Campbell, “A Forgotten Victory: Courcelette, 15 September 1916,” Canadian Military History, Spring 2007, 31.
17 Nicholson, 168-69.
18 Campbell, 31.
19 Nicholson, 169.
20 Campbell, 34-40.
21 Nicholson, 173.
22 Ibid, 172-75.
23 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 176-77.
24 Ibid, 177.
25 Ibid, 177-78.
26 Nicholson, 175-76.
27 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 178.
28 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade, Appendix 52, 2-3.
29 16th Infantry Battalion War Diary, September 1916, Library and Archives Canada, n.p.
30 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 178-79.
31 14th Canadian Infantry Battalion War Diary, September 1916, Appendix 4, Library and Archives Canada, 2.
32 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 179.
33 14th Canadian Infantry Battalion War Diary, Appendix 4, 2.
34 Nicholson, 178-79.
35 14th Canadian Infantry Battalion War Diary, Appendix 4, 3.
36 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 179.
37 Ibid, 406.
38 Nicholson, 183.
39 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, n.p.
40 Urquhart, 16th Battalion,
41 Ibid, 385.
42 Ibid, 181-82.
43 Ibid, 182.
44 http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/cvw-muploads/published/183893_4.jpg, accessed July 17, 2007.
45 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 185-87.
46 Ibid, 184.
47 Ibid, 187.
Chapter Eight: Vimy—October 12, 1916-May 4, 1917
1 H. M. Urquhart, The History of the 16th Battalion (The Canadian Scottish) Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War, 1914- 1919 (Toronto: The MacMillan Company of Canada, 1932), 406.
2 G. W. L. Nicholson, Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919 (Queen’s Printer: Ottawa, 1964), 199.
3 Desmond Morton and J. L. Granatstein, Marching to Armageddon: Canadians and the Great War, 1914-1919 (Toronto: Lester & Orpen Dennys, 1989).
4 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 188-89.
5 Tim Cook, At the Sharp End: Canadians Fighting the Great War, 1914-1916 (Toronto: Viking Canada, 2007), 263.
6 Morton and Granatstein, 137-38.
7 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 191.
8 Morton and Granatstein, 140.
9 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 192.
10 Ibid, 192.
11 Ibid, 195.
12 Ibid, 198-99.
13 Jack Granatstein, Canada’s Army: Waging War and Keeping the Peace (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002), 110-11.
14 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 192-93.
15 Ibid, 193.
16 Nicholson, 236-37.
17 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 202-03.
18 Ibid, 202-03.
19 Nicholson, 249-50.
20 Ibid, 249.
21 Ibid, 248.
22 Ibid, 250-51.
23 Ibid, 247.
24 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 212-13.
25 Cyrus Wesley Peck Fonds, MG30-E134, Library and Archives Canada, n.p.
26 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 218.
27 Ibid, 218-19.
28 Percy Twidale, Interview by Elizabeth Hazlitte, June and August 1983, Victoria BC, University of Victoria Special Collections.
29 16th Battalion War Diary, April 1917, Library and Archives Canada, n.p.
30 Twidale Interview.
31 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 213-14.
32 Milne Award Citation, http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/content/collections/virtualmem/photoview.cfm?casualty=157921,accessed9/3/2007.
33 Twidale interview.
34 Milne Award Citation.
35 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 214-15.
36 Peck Fonds.
37 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 406.
38 Ibid, 216.
39 Nicholson, 258-65.
40 Winston Groom, A Storm in Flanders: The Ypres Salient, 1914-1918, Tragedy and Triumph on the Western Front (New York: Grove Press, 2002), 155-59.
Chapter Nine: It Isn’t Worth a Drop of Blood—June 7, 1917-August 4, 1918
1 G. W. L. Nicholson, Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919 (Queen’s Printer: Ottawa, 1964), 269-85.
2 Daniel G. Dancocks, Legacy of Valour: The Canadians at Passchendaele (Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1986), 95.
3 Nicholson, 286-87.
4 H. M. Urquhart, The History of the 16th Battalion (The Canadian Scottish) Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War, 1914- 1919 (Toronto: The MacMillan Company of Canada, 1932), 231.
5 Ibid, 233-34.
6 Ibid, 233.
7 Ibid, 232.
8 Ibid, 232-34.
9 Nicholson, 289-91.
10 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 233.
11 Ibid, 234-35.
12 Ibid, 406.
13 Dancocks, Legacy of Valour, 94.
14 Nicholson, 297.
15 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 406.
16 Daniel G. Dancocks, Sir Arthur Currie (Toronto: Methuen, 1985), 110.
17 Winston Groom, A Storm in Flanders: The Ypres Salient, 1914-1918, Tragedy and Triumph on the Western Front (New York: Grove Press, 2002), 207-08.
18 Ibid, 213-17.
19 Dancocks, Legacy of Valour, 97-98.
20 Nicholson, 312.
21 Ibid, 314.
22 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 236.
23 Nicholson, 312.
24 Ibid, 318-27.
25 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 236.
26 Nicholson, 333.
27 Ibid, 335-36.
28 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 243.
29 Ibid, 238-40.
30 Ibid, 248-50.
31 Nicholson, 382.
32 Urq
uhart, 16th Battalion, 262.
Chapter Ten: Decision at Amiens—August 8-20, 1918
1 G. W. L. Nicholson, Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919 (Queen’s Printer: Ottawa, 1964), 372-78.
2 Daniel G. Dancocks, Spearhead to Victory: Canada and the Great War (Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1987), 2.
3 Nicholson, 386.
4 Ibid, 388-90.
5 Ibid, 395-97.
6 H. M. Urquhart, The History of the 16th Battalion (The Canadian Scottish) Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War, 1914- 1919 (Toronto: The MacMillan Company of Canada, 1932), 269-70.
7 Ibid, 267.
8 16th Battalion War Diary, August 1918, Appendix: Lt.-Col. Cyrus Peck Account, “Narrative of Action in Front of Amiens, August 8, 1918,” Library and Archives Canada, 1.
9 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 398.
10 Ibid, 398-99.
11 J. L. Granatstein, Hell’s Corner: An Illustrated History of Canada’s Great War, 1914- 1918 (Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2004), 160.
12 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 270.
13 Ibid, 268.
14 Cyrus Wesley Peck Fonds, MG30-E134, Library and Archives Canada, n.p.
15 16th Battalion War Diary, Appendix, Account by Peck, 1.
16 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 271-72.
17 16th Battalion War Diary, Appendix, Account by Peck, 2.
18 Ibid, 1.
19 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 260-61.
20 Ibid, 273-78.
21 Peck Fonds, n.p.
22 Nicholson, 407.
23 Ibid, 407-08.
24 Lt.-Gen. Sir A. W. Currie, Canadian Corps Operations During the Year 1918 (Ottawa: Department of Militia and Defence, 1919), 38.
25 Nicholson, 408.
26 James McWilliams and R. James Steel, Amiens: Dawn of Victory (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2001), 187-88.
27 Nicholson, 410.
28 J. D. Craig, The 1st Canadian Division in the Battles of 1918 (London: Barrs & Co., 1919), 14-15.
29 Nicholson, 413.
30 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 279.
31 Ibid, 279-80.
32 Nicholson, 414-15.
33 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 280.
34 Currie, 40.
35 Nicholson, 419.
36 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 280-84.
37 Currie, 41.
38 Nicholson, 425.
Chapter Eleven: The Finest Performance: August 20- September 3, 1918
1 G. W. L. Nicholson, Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919 (Queen’s Printer: Ottawa, 1964), 426.
2 Ibid, 426-27.
3 H. M. Urquhart, The History of the 16th Battalion (The Canadian Scottish) Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War, 1914- 1919 (Toronto: The MacMillan Company of Canada, 1932), 285.
4 Nicholson, 426-27.
5 Lt.-Gen. Sir A. W. Currie, Canadian Corps Operations During the Year 1918 (Ottawa: Department of Militia and Defence, 1919), 44.
6 Nicholson, 426.
7 Currie, 53.
8 Ibid, 45-46.
9 Nicholson, 427-32.
10 Currie, 47-52.
11 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 288.
12 Ibid, 290-91.
13 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, September 1918, Appendix 3a, Library and Archives Canada, 5-7.
14 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 289.
15 Ibid, 290.
16 J. D. Craig, The 1st Canadian Division in the Battles of 1918 (London: Barrs & Co., 1919), 27.
17 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 292-93.
18 16th Battalion War Diary, September 1918, Appendix: “Narrative of Second Battle of Arras, 2nd September, 1918,” Library and Archives Canada, 1-3.
19 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 293-94.
20 Ibid, 294.
21 16th Battalion War Diary, September 1918, Appendix: “Narrative of Second Battle of Arras,” 1.
22 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 295-96.
23 Ibid, 296-97.
24 Ibid, 297-300.
25 16th Battalion War Diary, September 1918, “Narrative of Second Battle of Arras,” 3.
26 Nicholson, 440.
27 Currie, 54-55.
28 Nicholson, 442-44.
29 Ibid, 445.
30 Currie, 60-61.
31 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 303.
32 Cyrus Wesley Peck Fonds, MG30-E134, Library and Archives Canada, n.p.
33 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 314.
34 Ibid, 303-05.
35 Ibid, 305-11.
36 Currie, 62-63.
37 16th Battalion War Diary, October 1918, Appendix: “Narrative of Action at Cuvillers, October 1st 1918,” Library and Archives Canada, 1-2.
38 14th Battalion War Diary, October 1918, Appendix No. 1, 1-3.
39 Desmond Morton and J. L. Granatstein, Marching to Armageddon: Canadians and the Great War, 1914-1918 (Toronto: Lester and Orpen Dennys, 1989), 228.
Chapter Twelve: Drive to Victory: October 2-November 11, 1918
1 Desmond Morton and J. L. Granatstein, Marching to Armageddon: Canadians and the Great War, 1914-1918 (Toronto: Lester and Orpen Dennys, 1989), 228.
2 G. W. L. Nicholson, Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919 (Queen’s Printer: Ottawa, 1964), 461.
3 H. M. Urquhart, The History of the 16th Battalion (The Canadian Scottish) Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War, 1914- 1919 (Toronto: The MacMillan Company of Canada, 1932), 344-46.
4 Ibid, 492.
5 Ibid, 689.
6 Ibid, 723.
7 Ibid, 330.
8 Cyrus Wesley Peck Fonds, MG30-E134, Library and Archives Canada, n.p.
9 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 336.
10 Nicholson, 467.
11 16th Battalion War Diary, October 1918, Appendix: “Narrative of Actions of 11th and 12th October 1918,” Library and Archives Canada, 1.
12 Ibid.
13 Nicholson, 467.
14 16th Battalion, October 1918, Appendix: “Narrative of Action of 11th and 12th October 1918,” 1-2.
15 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 317-18.
16 Lt.-Gen. Sir A. W. Currie, Canadian Corps Operations During the Year 1918 (Ottawa: Department of Militia and Defence, 1919), 72.
17 Ibid, 74.
18 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 318.
19 Peck fonds, n.p.
20 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 319-20.
21 Ibid, 321-22.
22 Currie, 75.
23 16th Battalion War Diary, October 1918, Library and Archives Canada, n.p.
24 J. D. Craig, The 1st Canadian Division in the Battles of 1918 (London: Barrs & Co., 1919), 50.
25 16th Battalion War Diary, November 1918, Library and Archives Canada, n.p.
26 Nicholson, 524.
27 16th Battalion War Diary, November 1918, n.p.
28 Ibid.
29 Peck Fonds, n.p.
30 16th Battalion War Diary, November 1918, n.p.
31 Nicholson, 525.
32 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 325.
33 Nicholson, 526.
34 16th Battalion War Diary, November 1918, n.p.
35 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 326.
36 Ibid, 327.
37 Nicholson, 525-26.
38 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 328.
39 Nicholson, 528-29.
40 Urquhart, 16th Battalion, 329-30.
41 Ibid, 330-31.
42 Ibid, 331.
Bibliography
This is not intended as a full bibliography of books consulted during research or of books published on Canada’s participation in World War I. Only books cited in the Notes to the text are cited here. For simplification I have not listed the operational orders, reports, and war diaries cited, as these are housed and accessible at Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa. The war diaries can be consulted on-line through a searchable database at: http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/archivianet/020152_e.html. Where private fonds were consulted at Library and Archives Canada, full citations are provided in the bibliography.
Books
Anonymous. The Canadian Scottish Regiment. (Ottawa: n.p., 1935.)
Cook, Tim. At The Sharp End: Canadians Fighting the Great War, 1914- 1916 (Toronto: Viking Canada, 2007).
Craig, J. D. The 1st Canadian Division in the Battles of 1918 (London: Barrs & Co., 1919).
Lt.-Gen. Sir A. W. Currie, Canadian Corps Operations During the Year 1918 (Ottawa: Department of Militia and Defence, 1919).
Dancocks, Daniel G. Legacy of Valour: The Canadians at Passchendaele (Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1986).
————, Spearhead to Victory: Canada and the Great War (Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1987).
————, Welcome to Flanders Fields: The First Canadian Battle of the Great War: Ypres, 1915 (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1988).
Granatstein, J. L. Canada’s Army: Waging War and Keeping the Peace (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002).
————, Hell’s Corner: An Illustrated History of Canada’s Great War, 1914-1918 (Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2004).
Groom, Winston. A Storm in Flanders: The Ypres Salient, 1914-1918: Tragedy and Triumph on the Western Front (New York: Grove Press, 2002).
Hogg, Ian V., and John Weeks, Military Small Arms of the 20th Century (Northbrook, IL: DBI Books, n.d.).
Macdonald, Lyn. 1915: The Death of Innocence (London: Penguin Books, 1997).
McWilliams, James, and R. James Steel, Amiens: Dawn of Victory (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2001).
Morton, Desmond, and J. L. Granatstein, Marching to Armageddon: Canadians and the Great War, 1914-1919 (Toronto: Lester & Orpen Dennys, 1989).
Nicholson, G. W. L. Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919 (Queen’s Printer: Ottawa, 1964).
Radley, Kenneth. We Lead, Others Follow: First Canadian Division, 1914- 1918 (St. Catharines, ON: Vanwell Publishing Limited, 2006).
Urquhart, H. M. The History of the 16th Battalion (The Canadian Scottish) Canadian Expeditionary Force in the Great War, 1914-1919 (Toronto: The MacMillan Company of Canada, 1932).
Winter, Jay, and Blaine Baggett, The Great War: And the Shaping of the 20th Century (New York: Penguin Studio, 1996).
Magazines, Newspapers, Articles
Campbell, David. “A Forgotten Victory: Courcelette, 15 September 1916,” Canadian Military History, Spring 2007.
Godefroy, Andrew. “Portrait of a Battalion Commander: Lieutenant-Colonel George Stuart Tuxford at the Second Battle of Ypres, April 1915,” Canadian Military Journal, Summer 2004.
Hill, Roland H. “Holding the Salient, 1916,” Canada in the Great War, Vol. 3 (Toronto: United Publishers of Canada Limited, 1919).
