by Colin Evans
case backlog in
contingency plan for catastrophes and
death investigations, other than homicides
decentralization and, battle against
dedicated facility for
discontentment in
establishment of
financial problems of
forensic science and, advances in
Great Depression’s effect on
tax payers’ support of
toxicological upsurge and, new technology needed for
understaffing/workload of
see also Chief Medical Examiner (CME)
Oklahoma City bombing
“Old Sparky”
Orchid BioSciences
organic drugs
O’Rourke, William F.
Osborne, Deborah
Ottawa Supreme Court tribunal
Palmer, William
Panov, Galina
Panov, Valery
Park Avenue Synagogue
Parliament
pathology
Paulina, Lollia
Pearl Harbor
Pennsylvania
Pentagon
Perone, Eleanor
Peters, Andrew
Petiot, Marcel
Phelan, Patrick “Hessy”
Piskorski, Ronald F.
plasma chloride test
Plifka, William
Plona, Theresa and Theodore
Podstupka, William
police brutality resulting in death
Baez case
Phelan case
Stewart case
Police Research Laboratory
polygraph
“beating the machine”
Carpi and
control questions
data, discrepancies in interpretation of
data interpretation
early methods of lie detection
breath measurement
Chinese “truth test”
“magic donkey”
measuring emotion, first attempt of
systolic blood pressure gauge
first machine
for job applications
as legally inadmissible in courtroom
operatives, training of
physical responses measured by
scoring method
Port Authority Police Department (PAPD)
Potter’s Field
powder burns (gun shot)
Powers, Walter, Jr.
Pratt & Whitney Aircraft plant
precipitin test
Presswalla, Farouk B.
Princeton, New Jersey
Pritchard, Edward
Prohibition
Puerto Rican Armed Resistance
Puerto Rican Social Club
punch drunk
Queens
coroners in
deputy CMEs of
Potter’s Field interments and
racial strife
radioimmunoassay (RIA)
radium poisoning
Revere, Paul
Rho, Yong-Myun
Richard I, King
Rifkin, Joel
Riordan, Patrick
Riverdell Hospital
Riverside Cemetery
Rochette, Eugene
Rockefeller, Nelson
Rocky Mountain Arsenal
Rohl, Kenneth K.
Rohrbeck, Carl
rope analysis
Rosenweig, Carrie
rotgut booze
Rothstein, Arnold
Rotterdam, Royal
Rowlands, Robert
Rumba Palace
Rylan, John F.
Saleeby, George
Salerni, John
saliva, blood group information in
Salvatore, Arthur B.
Sandola, Frank
Santamaria, Granson
Santore, Richard A.
Santoro, Jennifer
Savino, Nancy
Scalice, Vincent J.
Schlichter Jute Cordage Company
Schrager, Abigail
Schrager, Gary B.
Schultze, Otto H.
Schwarz, Ladislaus
Scoppetta, Nicholas
Scott, John J.
secretors
semen
September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks
death toll from
fire and, temperatures of
firefighters killed in
fraud cases afterwards
Fresh Kills Landfill and
Ground Zero
identification of victims dental records
fingerprinting
forms for relatives
hijackers
human fragments
ongoing nature of
photo identification
vaporization and
X-rays (see also DNA analysis)
Memorial Park and
mobile mortuary containers and
police officers killed in
reconstruction of events
temporary morgues and
victim details and, storage of
serial killers, doctors as
Series, Harry
serology
Servis, Norman
Seton Hall Medical School
sex games
Shaler, Robert C.
Shapiro, Alfred L.
Sheindlin, Gerald
shield law
Shipman, Harold
Siegel, Henry
Silverman, Samuel
Simonwitz, Harry
Simpson, Keith
Simpson, O. J.
single nucleotide polymorphism analysis (SNP)
Sing Sing
Sklar, Jay
Sladowski, Stephen F.
sleeping tablet deaths
smallpox
Smith College
Snyder, Ruth
Snyder-Gray case
Soman, Robert O.
Soman, Shirley C.
“Son of Sam” (David Berkowitz)
Soska, Frank
Southeast Asia tsunami (2004)
Spanierman, Pauline
Spectacle Island
Spector, Jon
Spector, Juanita
Spector, Stanley
Spector, Stephanie
spectrography
spectrophotometers
Spilsbury, Sir Bernard
Squadron, Howard
St. Clare’s Hospital
Staten Island
coroners in
deputy CMEs of
Fresh Kills Landfill in
Potter’s Field interments and
Staughn, Wiley
Stephens, Paul E.
Stewart, Michael
Stockholm syndrome
Stockman, Gerald
stock market crash (1929)
stomach contents (undigested food)
strangulation, playful
Strengel, Casey
Stretz, Vera
“Subway Vigilante” (Bernhard Goetz)
suffocation
Suffolk County, Massachusetts
Suffolk County Medical Examiner
suicide
cover-ups
deterring cause of death in
Kauffman and
Mayer and
Soman death certificate dispute and
Sullivan, Ed
Summer City Hall
Swango, Michael
Swartz, Harry
Symmers, Douglas
Tammany political machine
Tannenbaum, Robert
telephone switchboard
terrorist attacks
bomb threats or scares
FALN campaign (1981)
Kennedy International Airport bombing in Pan Am Terminal
“Mad Bomber”
Madrid terrorist bombings
Oklahoma City bombing
see also September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks; World Trade Center
time of death, approximating
> Titterton, Lewis
Titterton, Nancy
toxicology
Tremont Park
Trieman, Fridolph
Troy Funeral Home
Truscott, Steven
Tucker, Arthur B.
Uhlenhuth, Paul
Umberger, Charles
undertaker malpractice
unidentified bodies
burial of
Carpi case and
see also dental records
United Airlines flight
U.S. Army Chemical Corps Arsenal
U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
U.S. Revolutionary War
U.S. Supreme Court
University of Ghent
Utrecht (freighter)
Valentine, Lewis H.
Valentine, Lewis J.
van Brummelen, Johannes
Vance, Benjamin Morgan
van Dorp, Lubertus
van Oosten, Andreas P.
van Rie, Nella
van Rie, Willem
Van Slyke, Louisa
Virchow, Rudolf
Vollmer, August
Volstead, Andrew J.
Volstead Act
Waco, Texas
Wagner, Robert F.
Waldron, Frank T.
Walker, Jimmy
Wallstein, Leonard M.
Wall Street
Ward, Francis
Ward, William J.
Ward’s Island
Warsak family
Washington Square
Watergate
water immersion when still alive, test to determine
Webb, Gertie
Wecht, Cyril
Weinberg, Yetta
Werne, Jacob
Whalen, William
White, Albert B.
White, James
Whitman, Stephen E.
Wiener, Alexander E.
Winchell, Walter
Wood, J. Walter
Woodcock, Joseph C.
Woodward, Bob
World Trade Center
bombing of (1993)
bomb threats against (1981)
September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks on
World War I
World War II
Yalow, Rosalyn
Yukselen, Mehmetu Ali (The Man Who Strangled Himself)
Zumwalt, Ross
* The number used to be far higher, but improved health care has slashed the mortality rate in recent decades.
* After his defeat in 1917, Mitchel enlisted in the U.S. Army and received a commission in the air service. On July 6, 1918, at Camp Gerstner, Lake Charles, Louisiana, while training before being sent to fight in World War I, Mitchel fell five hundred feet from his single-seated scout plane and was killed. An investigation blamed his death on an unfastened safety belt.
* Because Rothstein, who survived the gangland shooting for several hours, never identified his assailant, it was popularly reckoned that he was adhering to the traditional underworld code of silence. Norris took the view that Rothstein never even saw the person who shot him. Whatever the truth, Rothstein’s killer was never apprehended.
* A hastily convened commission in lunacy decided that Schultze was sane, but he never fully recovered his faculties and died on July 4, 1934.
* The M’Naghten Rule was not overturned in New York State until 1961.
* As recently as September 2002 two boys in Virginia contracted the disease from a mosquito-ridden pool near their homes, the first such case in the United States for two decades.
* See chapter 4 and the death of Laura Carpi.
* Although Massachusetts had not executed anyone since 1947, the death penalty remained on the statute book and would do so until 1984, when it was abolished.
* In 1946, just days before his date with the electric chair, Noxon was reprieved. Astonishingly enough, two years later he was paroled.
* For a full account of this case, and Helpern’s pivotal role in it, see Colin Evans, Killer Doctors. (New York: Berkley, 2007).
* On July 6, 1976, Jackson was sentenced to life imprisonment for murdering nine women. Two of his so-called victims were later found to be alive.
* By the mid-1990s this had fallen to thirty to forty per annum, an indication of the declining importance of the city’s waterways.
* By a strange quirk of fate, Laura Miller attended Smith College at the same time as Lynn Kauffman (see chapter 3).
* Their circumspection was well justified. In 2003 an Australian murder trial had to be halted after one of the alleged “victims” turned up alive and well.
* Tomio Watanabe, The Atlas of Legal Medicine, with the editorial assistance of Milton Helpern and Michael Baden (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1968).
* In January 1982 following a two-year investigation, Judianne Densen-Gerber agreed to repay New York City twenty thousand dollars in excessive and unjustified personal expenses she had charged to Odyssey House.
* In 1977 Yalow received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her work in the development of RIA. Berson had died five years earlier.
* Matthew L. Lifflander, Final Treatment: The File on Dr. X (New York: Norton, 1979).
* Named after the 1973 Kreditbanken robbery in Stockholm, Sweden, in which robbers held bank employees hostage for six days. After their release, some of the hostages defended their captors.
* On October 19, 1979, Acquin was convicted of nine murders and later sentenced to life imprisonment. He will be eligible for parole in 2029.
* A warrant was subsequently issued for Daoud’s arrest. At this writing he remains at large.
* In 1991, the original death sentences imposed on Biegenwald were overturned and substituted with life imprisonment.
* Eventually, in March 2001, an appeals court threw out Gross’s suit.
* The bottom of the murder graph was reached in 2005 when the number of homicides fell to 539, the fewest since 1963.
* Six people were ultimately imprisoned for their part in this outrage. The sentences ranged up to 240 years.
* Two years later, the city settled a civil suit with the Baez family for $2.94 million. In 1998 Livoti was convicted of violating Baez’s civil rights and sentenced to seven and a half years imprisonment.
* In May 2002 Gray was sentenced to five to fifteen years for second degree manslaughter.
* Both have since been released.
