Shenzhen
corruption cases, 181
Deng’s tour to, 41
Shijiazhuang, 174
Shirk, Susan, 129
shuanggui (double regulation), 142–3
Sichuan
corruption cases, 139
earthquake, 192
Singapore
COSCO in, 102
Suzhou industrial park, 83
Sinified Marxism, 67
Sinology, 18–19
Sinopec, 63–4
society, infiltrates Party, 30
Song Ping, 36
Song Xiaojun, 119–20, 125, 132
southern tour, 41
Southern Weekend, 185–6
Soviet Union
disintegration of, 35, 131
nomenklatura system, 78, 79
Orgburo, 76
Party’s verdict on collapse of, 237–8
succession, 154
Stalin, Joseph, 76
Standing Committee, 13, 278–9n
above corruption investigation, 147
Shanghai gang in, 154
state assets
debates over, 40
Deng’s model on, 42
new conservatives on, 35, 39
state enterprises
competition and profitability, 53–6
Deng’s model on, 42
new conservatives on, 39
Party’s low profile in, 21–2, 49
pay structure for CEOs, 102–3
personnel control of, 46, 68–9, 73–4, 84–9
reform, 44, 67–8
split personalities of, 53, 64
stock options, 100–101
tax from, 267
workers lay-offs, 42–3, 50
see also individual enterprises
steel industry, 220, 221, 222
Stewart, Jackie, 162
Storming the Barricades (Zhou Tianyong), 69
students
loans, 173
money worship, 133
view of Party, 31–2
Su Shulin, 64
Su Zhiliang, 245, 246
Sudan, 62
Suihua, 97–9, 116
Sun Jingkan, 160
Suzhou, 83
corruption cases, 139–40
Tai lake (Taihu), 89, 90, 91–2
Taiwan issue
Jiang and Hu’s policies, 106–7, 127–30, 134
nationalist stand on, 131–2
nature of, 122–3
one-China policy, 127–8
Taiwanese opinions, 125–8
see also Kuomintang
Tang Dynasty (ad 618–907), official vetting, 77
tax policy, 178, 179
telecommunication, 233–4
telecoms companies, 84–9
terror, 265
textbook censorship, 249–50
Thatcher, Margaret, 202
38th Army, 109–10
Thornton, John, 88
Tian, Edward, 84, 86–9
Tian Fengshan, 98
Tian Wenhua
charged, 172
downfall, 188
dual responsibility dilemma, 186
leads emergency meeting, 171
titles of, 182–3
trial and charge, 190–91
Tiananmen Square massacre, 105, 253, 262
discussion suppressed, 35
impact of, 34–5, 36, 201, 202
Party’s verdict, 239
post-event investigation, 36
splits Party and PLA, 109–10
Tibet, 111
Tieben see Jiangsu Tieben Iron & Steel
The Times of Deng Xiaoping (Yang Jisheng), 253–4
Todai elite, 9
Tombstone (Yang Jisheng), 229, 230–31, 232
sourcing of, 254–5
trade union, 213–14
Tsai, George, 126–7, 130
Tsang Yok-sing, 21
21st-Century World Herald, 247
‘Twenty-Seven Perfections’, 77
UBS, 199 Unhappy China (Wang and Song), 112, 132
United Front Department, 17
United Front department, 235
United Kingsom, elite networks, 9
United States
aircraft carrier patrols seas around Taiwan, 128
elite networks, 9
official appointment, 74
patriotism, 270
pet food scandals, 183, 184–5
universities, 79–80
Unocal, 54
urban citizens, 27
Urumqi, 111, 139
Vatican, and China, 11–12
vertushka, 13
voting, 11–12
wages, 56
Wal-Mart, 213–14
Wan Yanhai, 3
Wang Jianzhou, 85
Wang Juntao, 23–4
Wang Minggao, 140, 144
on corruption cases, 148
interview with, 71, 72
lack of name card, 70–71
Wang Qishan, ix, xvi
Wang Shengjun, 24
Wang Shenyi, 99
Wang Shi, 207–8
Wang Weizhi, 231, 258–60
Wang Xiaodong, 112
Wang Xiaofang, 95, 96
Wang Xuebing, 158
Wang Yang, 234
Watergate scandal, 164
Wen Jiabao, xvi, 7, 279n
confronted by Chen Liangyu, 163
on democracy, 20
development policies, 178–80
solves Sinopec oil dispute, 63
on Tieben case, 221
titles of, 15–16
visits earthquake zone, 192
wife and son of, 147–8
on Zhang Enzhao’s case, 145
Wen Wei Bao, 21
Wenzhou, 215, 217–18
‘west mountain meeting’, 22–3
Wolf, Martin, 237, 269
World Trade Organization, 202, 266
Wrath of Heaven, 144, 168, 169
writers/artists, 96
Wu, Joseph, 123, 124
Wu Bangguo, 7, 279n
Wu Lihong, 90–91
Wu Si, 74
Wu Xiaobo, 209
Xi Jinping, 8, 228, 279n
Xia Chuntao, 247, 251–2
Xia Jianming, 30
Xiamen, corruption cases, 139, 159
Xiang river, 92–3
Xiao Chaoxuan (fictional), 95–6
Xiao Yaqing, 57, 58, 60–61
Xinhua news agency
interview with Zhang Ruimin, 198
on peanut product scandal, 191
secret internal reports, 230, 253
on Tian’s downfall, 188
Xinjiang, 111, 139
Xinjiang Soldier Corps, 114
Xintiandi, Shanghai, 29
Xinyang, 255–8
Xu Guanhua, 140
Xu Haiming, 135–6, 137, 153, 157, 160, 164, 167
Xu Kuangdi, 151, 156
Xu Qinxian, Lieutenant-General, 109–10
Yan Xuetong, 104
on diplomatic policy, 132
on Hu’s policies, 107
on military, 122
on money worship, 132–4
on Taiwan issue, 131–2
Yan’an rectification, 77–8
Yang, Andrew, 120
on Taiwan issue, 122, 126, 129
Yang Bin, 206
Yang Jiechi, 277n
Yang Jisheng, 229–31, 232, 239–40, 252–6, 258, 259–61, 265
Yang Mianmian, 203
Yang Ping, 39, 40
Yang Rong, 206
Yang Shangkun, 239
Yang Yuanqing, 204
Yingkou, 175
You Ji, 121
Youngor, 216
Yu Dehong, 232, 255–7, 260
Yu Jianrong, 179
Yu Jie, 246–7
Yu Minhong, 227
Yu Qiuli, 113
Yuan Weishi, 70, 78–9, 249–50, 252
Yuanhua case, 7–8
Yung Chunchang, 119
Yunnan, 181
Zeng Qinghong, 74, 81–2
Zhang Baoqing, 170, 173
Zhang Chunjiang, 88
Zhang Dahong, 216
Zhang Dejiang, 208–9
Zhang Enzhao, 145–6
Zhang Peili, 147–8
Zhang Quanjing, 75
Zhang Ruimin, 194, 198, 203
Zhang Yimou, 121–2
Zhao Ziyang, 80, 154, 254
encourages political reform, 36
image blackout, 35
rural reform, 200
Zhejiang, 209
Zheng Bijian, 106
Zheng Enchong, 135, 137, 159, 161, 167
Zheng Xiaoyu, 183
Zhengtai Group, 218
Zhou Enlai, 113, 123, 253
Zhou Qiren, 220, 223
Zhou Ruijin, 31, 154
Zhou Tianyong, 69
Zhou Yongkang, 24–5, 81–2, 279n
Zhou Zhengyi, 157–8, 159, 161–2, 167
Zhu Feng, 62–3
Zhu Peikun, 32
Zhu Rongji, 148
careers, 81
financial system reform, 44–6
misread by Western leaders, 43
state enterprise reform, 44
visits Huawei, 204
Acknowledgements
Journalists rely on the charity, goodwill and democratic impulse of people the world over. This is particularly the case in China. But it is also a fact of life in China that individuals who discuss the inner workings of the political system can get into serious trouble. Even discussing innocuous issues with the foreign press can set back careers. So while there are many people I would like to thank, they might not thank me for doing so.
The Party’s often pathological secrecy explains why I have omitted from the acknowledgements that follow the scores of Chinese who helped me over many years in China, including when gathering information for this book. Many people quoted directly in the manuscript granted on-the-record interviews, either in the eight years from 2000, when I was working in China for the Financial Times, or during the twelve months from May 2008, when I researched and wrote the book. Some material was gathered when I was in Hong Kong and China in the mid-nineties, working for The Australian newspaper. Just as many people are quoted anonymously. This is not ideal but, equally, it is unavoidable.
Many people have helped me over the years in China, not necessarily in the process of doing this book, but either through their writings, conversation, research or simply by putting me in my place. A number I know only through email. I would like to thank Jasper Becker, Nicholas Bequelin, Robin Bordie, the late Jim Brock, Andrew Browne, Chris Buckley, Nicolas Chapuis, Ching Cheong, Clinton Dines, Ding Xueliang, Erica Downs, Michael Dunne, Graham Fletcher, John Garnaut, Stephen Green, Ha Jiming, Michael Han, Sebastian Heilmann, Bert Hofman, Rupert Hoogewerf, Trevor Houser, Fraser Howie, Nico Howson, Szu-chien Hsu, Yasheng Huang, Bruce Jacobs, Joseph Kahn, David Kelly, Nicolas Lardy, Yu Maochun, Alice Miller, Luke Minford, Barry Naughton, Mark O’Neill, Gordon Orr, Lynn Pan, Andy Rothman, Flora Sapio, Bob Shi, Victor Shih, Robert Thomson, Joerg Wuttke and Wu Xiaobo. Richard Baum’s ChinaPol was a constantly valuable resource.
A number of people kindly agreed to read some sections and provided valuable feedback. Particular thanks to Carl Walter, David Shambaugh, Bruce Dickson, John Fitzgerald, Arthur Kroeber, Anne-Marie Brady and Zhou Xun. John Burns was a valuable guide for the organization department. Duncan Clarke, Don Clarke, David Lague, Alex McGregor, Peter Hartcher and Melinda Liu were also helpful.
Xiao Jin and the team at the Universities Service Centre for China Studies at the Chinese University of Hong Kong were helpful to a fault, as they seem to have been over many years for scores of grateful researchers.
A special thanks to my excellent colleagues at the Financial Times in China over the years, James Kynge, Mure Dickie, Geoff Dyer, Jamil Anderlini and Andrew Yeh, and to Kathrin Hille for her suggestions on Taiwan. In Hong Kong and London, John Ridding, Lionel Barber, Dan Bogler and Victor Mallett supported my year off and, prior to that, my reporting in China generally.
Like most foreigners in China, I have been hand-held by terrific, intrepid locals. Samuel Shen, Sun Yu (who lasted the longest) and Wang Bing all put up with me for lengthy periods. Li Bibo provided invaluable research support and insight for the book itself. On top of digging up lots of nuggets, most important of all, he understood the topic at hand.
My agents, Felicity Bryan in the UK, and Gail Ross and Howard Yoon in Washington, grasped the idea immediately and were helpful in moulding the proposal to put it in front of publishers. I am thankful to Tim Duggan at HarperCollins in the US and Will Goodlad at Penguin for then taking the project forward.
The Foreign Ministry in Beijing may not like this book, if they notice it at all. I tend to think the Chinese government doesn’t overly care about what is published outside the country, unless it focuses on the regime’s neuralgic points, notably Tibet, Xinjiang, Taiwan and the Falun Gong, the outlawed religious group. In any case, as the host body for foreign journalists, the ministry has been, for the most part, polite, professional and helpful when possible, and I would like to register my appreciation for that.
None of this would have been possible without the love and support of my wife, Kath Cummins, who gave up the confines of Canberra to jump into the sea in China in 2000. By the time we left China in 2009, she calculated she had spent a quarter of her life in the country. I am in her debt probably more than she knows. Our two lovely children, Angus and Cate, were born in Shanghai and Beijing respectively. Naturally, I think they were lucky to be brought up in China, and not just because they have flawless tones when speaking Chinese, but also because they have developed exemplary eating habits along the way (‘Mummy, more tofu!’). China is easily the most exciting, interesting country in the world, and I hope the experience stays with them for the rest of their lives, as it will with me.
The Party: The Secret World of China's Communist Rulers Page 41
