social impacts, 62, 63, 72–74, 88
Indonesia, 43, 45, 46–48, 53
Infant mortality/mother malnutrition, 17, 46, 51, 89–90
Infectious disease rates
austerity’s impact on, xiv, 48–50, 77–78, 86–91, 134
foreclosure crisis and, 123–126, 136–137
homelessness and, 127, 134
New New Deal program proposal for prevention of, 145
rapid privatization policy and, 39
social welfare spending and, 17, 50–51, 53
International Monetary Fund
assumed fiscal multiplier errors, 64–65, 92
austerity policy
harms of, xx, 53, 65, 92–93
loan conditions, 44–45, 47, 82
as political strategy, 93
public protests, xvii–xviii, 63, 78, 82–83, 91–92, 94, 109–110
bailout funds, misuse of, 92
Founding Charter, 44
social protection programs policy, 73–74
Inverse Care Law, 102, 103
Ireland, 12, 135
Italy, 109–110
Japan, xix
Jonah, Claudia, 124–125
Jonsson, Sturla, 66
Kazakhstan post-Soviet era, 28, 31, 35–36, 118
Kennedy, Robert, xv, 145
Kern Mosquito and Vector Control, 125
Keynes, John Maynard, 4, 144
Krugman, Paul, 5, 43
Kyrgyzstan post-Soviet era, 31
Labor market protection investment, 114–121
Laffer, Arthur, 60
Latvia post-Soviet era, 28, 34
Layard, Richard, 69
Lenin, Vladimir, 30
Letwin, Oliver, 105
Liaropoulos, Lycourgos, 89–90
Lithuania post-Soviet era, 35
Locke, John, 67
Louisiana, 16–17
Loverdos, Andreas, 77–78, 88, 89, 90
Magnusson, Guðjón, 63
Mahathir Mohamad, 47
Major, John, 105
Malaysia, 45–48, 50–53
Malnutrition/infant mortality, 46, 51, 89–90
Marrone, Tiziana, 109–110
McArdle, Brian, 3–4
McArdle, Kieran, 3–4
Médecins du Monde, 89
Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders), 89
Medicaid, 99
Mental health. See also suicide rates
ALMP protective effect, 115, 118, 119, 121
foreclosure threat and, 127
in Iceland, 69
unemployment and, 112–114, 115
Merkel, Angela, 93–94
Mohamad, Mahathir, 45–46
Mortality rates
gradual privatization policy effects, 28, 35–36, 40
Great Depression, 7–8, 9–10, 11–12, 13–14
Great Recession (US, 2007–2009), xix, 18–19, 99, 103, 129
homelessness and, 127, 129, 132–133
IMF austerity requirements and, 51, 90
infant mortality, 46, 51, 90
New Deal era, 17–18
Neo-Nazism, 94
Netherlands, 74
New Deal, x, 15–18, 45, 63, 71, 94, 105, 141–142
Norway, xiv, xix
Obama, Barack, 4
Obama, Barack, administrations (2009/2012)
economy, 128
safety net, commitment to, 19, 98, 103, 130–131, 133
stimulus path, xiii, xix, 126, 142
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 71–72
Osborne, George, 132
Papandreou, George, 82, 83, 87–88
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), 98–99, 103
Pearl, Raymond, 8
Poland, post-Soviet era, 28, 33
Poverty rates
austerity impact on, 43, 46, 47
gradual vs. rapid privatization, 22–23, 32–33
Great Depression, 7, 9
social welfare spending and, 46
Prohibition, 12–13, 14
Public health
austerity cuts to, 78, 85–89, 91–92, 107
economics of, x–xi
New New Deal program proposal, 144–145
policy effect on, xii–xiii
social welfare spending and, xiv, xix
underlying factors, 139–140
Public Works Administration, 15
Rapid privatization policy
corruption and, 27–28, 33–34
debate over, 30–31
economic impacts, 32–35, 37
former Soviet Union (FSU) countries, 32–36
health impacts, 21, 23–27, 28–29, 35–40, 118
social impacts, 33–34
US aid supporting, 31
Reagan, Ronald, 44
Recessions
health improvements and, xiii–xiv, xviii–xx, 51, 70
underlying factors, 6, 43, 59–61, 73, 79–81
Reisen, William, 125
Rojanapithayakorn, Wiwat, 48–49
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, x, 4, 13, 14–16, 53, 141
Rose, Geoffrey, 113
Russia, Soviet era, 21–22, 23, 27–28
Russia, transition to capitalism (1990)
gradual transition proponents, 31
happiness during, 59
rapid privatization
corruption and, 27–28, 33–34
debate over, 30–31
economic impacts, 22–23, 32–35
health impacts, 21, 23–27, 35–40, 118
US aid supporting, 31
Shock Therapy policy, effects of, 29–32
Rutskoy, Alexander, 32
Sachs, Jeffrey, 29, 30, 34, 37
San Francisco, CA, 129–130, 131
Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 125
Share Our Wealth movement, 16–17
Shleifer, Andrei, 29
Shock Therapy policy, effects of, 29–32, 35
Slovenia post-Soviet era, 28
Social impacts
of homelessness, 129–130, 134
of rapid privatization, 27–28, 33–34
Social impacts of austerity
corruption, 85
democracy, suspension of, 78, 83, 87–88
homelessness, 78, 126–127, 132–134, 135
homicide rates, xiv, 78
on national solidarity, 72–73, 94
personal stories, xvii–xviii, 3–4, 94
protests against, 63, 88
public debate, 54–65
public protests, xvii–xviii, 44, 47, 53, 62, 78, 82–83, 88, 91–92, 94, 142
wealth gap, 62–63, 73
xenophobia, 62, 89, 94
Social Security Act, 15
Social welfare spending
economic impacts, xx–xxi, 46, 52, 71–75
health impacts, xiv, xix, 15–18, 48–51, 114, 115–116, 118, 119, 121
homelessness and, 130–131, 135
infectious disease controls with, 17, 50–51, 53
unemployment and, 115–116, 144
Soros, George, 43
South Korea, 45, 46, 51, 52
Spain, 72, 107–108, 112–113, 116, 121, 135
Sprenger, Marc, 90
Stalin, Joseph, 21, 22
Stiglitz, Joseph, 31, 37, 52, 65
Stimulus programs. See also New Deal
economic impacts, 46, 52, 140–142
foreclosure crisis (US), 126, 128–131
Great Recession experiment in, ix–x
infectious disease controls with, 50–51, 53
Suharto, 44
Suicide rates. See also mental health
austerity impacts on, xvii–xviii, xix, 46, 86, 88, 109–110, 119–121
foreclosure crisis and, 129
Great Depression, 7, 10–11
Great Recession, xix, 12, 110–111, 112
rapid privatization and, 36
social welfare spending and, 17–18, 68, 116–119
unemployment and, 109–110, 111, 116–121
Summers, Lawrence, 29, 30
Sutiyoso, 47
Sweden, xix, 111, 114–118, 121
Sydenstricker, Edgar, 7
Synodinos, Dimitrios, 91
Syrigos, Kostas, 83
Thailand, austerity program in, 41–42, 46–50
Thatcher, Margaret, 30, 44
Thomas, Norman, 15
Traffic deaths, 11–12, 34
Tray, Dennis de, 43
Tsolakoglou, Georgios, xviii
Unemployment
alcohol and illegal drug use, xvii, 27–28, 87
ALMP programs and, 115–116, 144
austerity policy and, 81, 87, 120
depression and, 112–114, 115
gradual vs. rapid privatization, 22, 32–33
Great Depression, 7, 9
health improvements and, 8
New New Deal program proposal, 143–144
personal impact, stories of, xvii
suicide and, 109–110, 111, 116–121
United Auto Workers Union, 15
United Kingdom
healthcare access
economic benefits of, 104–105
moral question of, 108
healthcare spending, 105
Iceland relations, 60–61, 69, 74
social welfare spending
post-WW II, 104–105, 141–142
pre-recession, 116
United Kingdom recession, austerity response
economic impact, xii–xiii, xx, 5–6, 73, 120, 133–134
health impacts, xix, 3–4, 12, 106–107, 112–113, 119–121, 134
housing crisis, 131–132
NHS reforms, 99, 106–107, 142
personal stories, 3–4
privatization, 99, 106–107
social impacts, 126–127, 132–134
United States. See also Great Recession (US, 2007–2009)
healthcare, 99–105
rapid privatization policy supported, 31
unemployment policy, pre-recession, 116
UN World Happiness Report, 69–70
US Agency for International Development, 31
Veizis, Apostolos, 89–90
Violence
austerity and, xiv, 78
homelessness and, 129, 134
Viravaidya, Meechai, 49
Virchow, Rudolph, v
Virgin, 106
Volstead Prohibition Act, 12–13
Wade, Robert, 60, 67
Wealth gap
Greece, 81
Iceland, 62–63, 73
Italy, 109
Welch, William, 18
Welding, Larus, 74
West Nile Virus, 123–126, 135, 137
Wirjawan, Gita, 53
Wolf, Martin, 5
Works Progress Administration, 15
World Bank, 34, 40, 42, 43, 51
World Health Organization, 87, 103
Yeltsin, Boris, 31
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