33. Marianoff, 12. He apparently mistakes the year of his own wedding, as he refers to the fall of 1929 when it was in fact just before Einstein’s second visit to the United States in late 1930. Barbara Wolff of the Einstein archives at Hebrew University says she believes this anecdote to be embellished.
34. Elsa Einstein to Antonina Vallentin, undated, in Vallentin, 196.
35. Einstein, Trip Diary to the U.S.A., Nov. 30, 1930, AEA 29-134.
36. “Einstein Works at Sea,”New York Times , Dec. 5, 1930.
37. “Einstein Puzzled by Our Invitations,”New York Times , Nov. 23, 1930.
38. “Einstein Consents to Face Reporters,”New York Times , Dec. 10, 1930.
39. Einstein, Trip Diary, Dec. 11, 1930, AEA 29-134.
40. “Einstein on Arrival Braves Limelight for Only 15 Minutes,”New York Times , Dec. 12, 1930.
41. “He Is Worth It,”Time , Dec. 2, 1930.
42. Brian 1996, 204; “Einstein Receives Keys to the City,”New York Times , Dec. 14, 1930.
43. “Einstein Saw His Statue in Church Here,”New York Times , Dec. 28, 1930.
44. George Sylvester Viereck, profile of John D. Rockefeller, Liberty , Jan. 9, 1932; Nathan and Norden, 157. Einstein also mentions his visit to Rockefeller in a letter to Max Born, May 30, 1933, AEA 8-192.
45. Einstein, New History Society speech, Dec. 14, 1930, in Nathan and Norden, 117; “Einstein Advocates Resistance to War,”New York Times , Dec. 15, 1930, p. 1; Fölsing, 635.
46. “Einstein Considers Seeking a New Home,” Associated Press, Dec. 16, 1930.
47. Einstein,Trip Diary, Dec. 15–31, 1931, AEA 29-134; “Einstein Welcomed by Leaders of Panama,”New York Times , Dec. 24, 1930; “Einstein Heard on Radio,”New York Times , Dec. 26, 1930.
48. Brian 1996, 206.
49. Hedwig Born to Einstein, Feb. 22, 1931, AEA 8-190.
50. Amos Fried to Robert Millikan, Mar. 4, 1932; Robert Millikan to Amos Fried, Mar. 8, 1932; cited in Clark, 551.
51. Brian 1996, 216.
52. Seelig 1956a, 194. At the movie, Einstein “stared bewildered, utterly absorbed, like a child at a Christmas pantomime,” according to a vivid report by Cissy Patterson, an ambitious young journalist who had also described him sun-bathing nude. She would later own the Washington Herald. Brian 1996, 214, citing Washington Herald, Feb. 10, 1931.
53. Einstein address, Feb. 16, 1931, in Nathan and Norden, 122.
54. “At Grand Canyon Today,”New York Times , Feb. 28, 1931; Einstein at Hopi House, www.hanksville.org/sand/Einstein.html.
55. “Einstein in Chicago Talks for Pacifism,”New York Times , Mar. 4, 1931; Nathan and Norden, 123.
56. Fölsing, 641; Einstein talk to War Resisters’ League, Mar. 1, 1931, in Nathan and Norden, 123.
57. Nathan and Norden, 124.
58. Marianoff, 184.
59. Einstein to Mrs. Chandler and the Youth Peace Federation, Apr. 5, 1931; Nathan and Norden, 124; Fölsing, 642. For an image of the note, see www.alberteinstein.info/db/ViewImage.do?DocumentID=21007&Page=1.
60. Einstein interview with George Sylvester Viereck, Jan. 1931, in Nathan and Norden, 125.
61. Einstein to Women’s International League, Jan. 4, 1928, AEA 48-818.
62. Einstein to London chapter of War Resisters’ International, Nov. 25, 1928; Einstein to the League for the Organization of Progress, Dec. 26, 1928.
63. Einstein statement, Feb. 23, 1929, in Nathan and Norden, 95.
64. Manifesto of the Joint Peace Council, Oct. 12, 1930; Nathan and Norden, 113.
65. Einstein, “The 1932 Disarmament Conference,”The Nation , Sept. 23, 1931; Einstein 1954, 95; Einstein, “The Road to Peace,”New York Times , Nov. 22, 1931.
66. Nathan and Norden, 168; “Einstein Assails Arms Conference,”New York Times , May 24, 1931.
67. Einstein to Kurt Hiller, Aug. 21, 1931, AEA 46-693; Nathan and Norden, 143.
68. Jerome, 144. See in particular chapter 11, “How Red?”
69. Einstein, “The Road to Peace,”New York Times , Nov. 22, 1931; Einstein 1954, 95.
70. Thomas Bucky interview with Denis Brian, in Brian 1996, 229.
71. Einstein to Henri Barbusse, June 1, 1932, AEA 34-543; Nathan and Norden, 175–179.
72. Einstein to Isaac Don Levine, after Jan. 1, 1925, AEA 28-29.00 (for image of handwritten document, see www.alberteinstein.info/db/ViewImage.do? DocumentID=21154&Page=1; Roger Baldwin and Isaac Don Levine, Letters from Russian Prisons (New York: Charles Boni, 1925); Robert Cottrell, Roger Nash Baldwin and the American Civil Liberties Union (New York: Columbia, 2001), 180.
73. Einstein to Isaac Don Levine, Mar. 15, 1932, AEA 50-922.
74. Einstein, “The World As I See It,” originally published in 1930, reprinted in Einstein 1954, 8.
75. “Ask Pardon for Eight Negroes,”New York Times , Mar. 27, 1932; “Einstein Hails Negro Race,”New York Times , Jan. 19, 1932, citing an Einstein piece in the forthcoming Crisis magazine of Feb. 1932.
76. Brian 1996, 219.
77. Einstein to Chaim Weizmann, Nov. 25, 1929, AEA 33-411.
78. Einstein, “Letter to an Arab,” Mar. 15, 1930; Einstein 1954, 172; Clark, 483; Fölsing, 623.
79. Einstein to Sigmund Freud, July 30, 1932, www.cis.vt.edu/modernworld/d/Einstein.html.
80. Sigmund Freud to Einstein, Sept. 1932, www.cis.vt.edu/modernworld/d/Einstein.html.
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: EINSTEIN’S GOD
1. Charles Kessler, ed., The Diaries of Count Harry Kessler (New York: Grove Press, 2002), 322 (entry for June 14, 1927); Jammer 1999, 40. Jammer 1999 provides a thorough look at the biographical, philosophical, and scientific aspects of Einstein’s religious thought.
2. Einstein, “Ueber den Gegenwertigen Stand der Feld-Theorie,” 1929, AEA 4-38.
3. Neil Johnson, George Sylvester Viereck: Poet and Propagandist (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1968); George S. Viereck, My Flesh and Blood: A Lyric Autobiography with Indiscreet Annotations (New York: Liveright, 1931).
4. Viereck, 372–378; Viereck first published the interview as “What Life Means to Einstein,”Saturday Evening Post , Oct. 26, 1929. I have generally followed the translation and paraphrasing in Brian 2005, 185–186 and in Calaprice. See also Jammer 1999, 22.
5. Einstein, “What I Believe,” originally written in 1930 and recorded for the German League for Human Rights. It was published as “The World As I See It” in Forum and Century, 1930; in Living Philosophies (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1931); in Einstein 1949a, 1–5; in Einstein 1954, 8–11. The versions are all translated somewhat differently and have slight revisions. For an audio version, see www.yu.edu/libraries/digital_library/einstein/credo.html.
6. Einstein to M. Schayer, Aug. 5, 1927, AEA 48-380; Dukas and Hoff-mann, 66.
7. Einstein to Phyllis Wright, Jan. 24, 1936, AEA 52-337.
8. “Passover,”Time , May 13, 1929.
9. Einstein to Herbert S. Goldstein, Apr. 25, 1929, AEA 33-272; “Einstein Believes in Spinoza’s God,”New York Times , Apr. 25, 1929; Gerald Holton, “Einstein’s Third Paradise,”Daedalus (fall 2002): 26–34. Goldstein was the rabbi of the Institutional Synagogue in Harlem and the longtime president of the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America.
10. Rabbi Jacob Katz of the Montefiore Congregation, quoted in Time, May 13, 1929.
11. Calaprice, 214; Einstein to Hubertus zu Löwenstein, ca. 1941, in Löwenstein’s book, Towards the Further Shore (London: Victor Gollancz, 1968), 156.
12. Einstein to Joseph Lewis, Apr. 18, 1953, AEA 60-279.
13. Einstein to unknown recipient, Aug. 7, 1941, AEA 54-927.
14. Guy Raner Jr. to Einstein, June 10, 1948, AEA 57-287; Einstein to Guy Raner Jr., July 2, 1945, AEA 57-288; Einstein to Guy Raner Jr., Sept. 28, 1949, AEA 57-289.
15. Einstein, “Religion and Science,”New York Times , Nov. 9, 1930, reprinted in Einstein 1954, 36–40. See also Powell.
16. Einstein, speech to the Symposium on Science, Philosophy and Religion, Sept
. 10, 1941, reprinted in Einstein 1954, 41; “Sees No Personal God,” Associated Press, Sept. 11, 1941. A yellowed clipping of this story was given to me by Orville Wright, who was a young naval officer at the time and had kept it for sixty years; it had been passed around his ship and had notations from various sailors saying such things as, “Tell me, what do you think of this?”
17. “In the mind there is no absolute or free will, but the mind is determined by this or that volition, by a cause, which is also determined by another cause, and this again by another, and so on ad infinitum.” Baruch Spinoza, Ethics , part 2, proposition 48.
18. Einstein, statement to the Spinoza Society of America, Sept. 22, 1932.
19. Sometimes translated as “A man can do what he wants, but not want what he wants.” I cannot find this quote in Schopenhauer’s writings. The sentiment, nevertheless, comports with Schopenhauer’s philosophy. He said, for example, “A man’s life, in all its events great and small, is as necessarily predetermined as are the movements of a clock.” Schopenhauer,“On Ethics,” in Parerga and Paralipomena: Short Philosophical Essays (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 2:227.
20. Einstein, “The World As I See It,” in Einstein 1949a and Einstein 1954.
21. Viereck, 375.
22. Max Born to Einstein, Oct. 10, 1944, in Born 2005, 150.
23. Hedwig Born to Einstein, Oct. 9, 1944, in Born 2005, 149.
24. Viereck, 377.
25. Einstein to the Rev. Cornelius Greenway, Nov. 20, 1950, AEA 28-894.
26. Sayen, 165.
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: THE REFUGEE
1. Einstein trip diary, Dec. 6, 1931, AEA 29-136.
2. Einstein trip diary, Dec. 10, 1931, AEA 29-141.
3. Flexner, 381–382; Batterson, 87–89.
4. Abraham Flexner to Robert Millikan, July 30, 1932, AEA 38-007; Abraham Flexner to Louis Bamberger, Feb. 13, 1932, in Batterson, 88.
5. Einstein trip diary, Feb. 1, 1932, AEA 29-141; Elsa Einstein to Rosika Schwimmer, Feb. 3, 1932; Nathan and Norden, 163.
6. Einstein to Paul Ehrenfest, Apr. 3, 1932, AEA 10-227.
7. Clark, 542, citing Sir Roy Harrod.
8. Flexner, 383.
9. Einstein to Abraham Flexner, July 30, 1932; Batterson, 149; Brian 1996, 232.
10. Elsa Einstein to Robert Millikan, June 22, 1932, AEA 38-002.
11. Robert Millikan to Abraham Flexner, July 25, 1932, AEA 38-006; Abraham Flexner to Robert Millikan, July 30, 1932, AEA 38-007; Batterson, 114.
12. “Einstein Will Head School Here,”New York Times , Oct. 11, 1932, p. 1.
13. Frank 1947, 226.
14. Woman Patriot Corporation memo to the U.S. State Department, Nov. 22, 1932, contained in Einstein’s FBI file, section 1, available at foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/einstein.htm. This episode is nicely detailed in Jerome, 6–11.
15. Reprinted in Einstein 1954, 7. Einstein’s relationship with Louis Lochner of United Press is detailed in Marianoff, 137.
16. New York Times , Dec. 4, 1932.
17. “Einstein’s Ultimatum Brings a Quick Visa,” “Consul Investigated Charge,” and “Women Made Complaint,” all in New York Times, Dec. 6, 1932; Sayen, 6; Jerome, 10.
18. This was uncovered by Richard Alan Schwartz of Florida International University, who did the original research into Einstein’s FBI files. The versions he received were redacted by 25 percent. Fred Jerome was able to get fuller versions under the Freedom of Information Act, which he used in his book. Schwartz’s articles on the topic include “The F.B.I. and Dr. Einstein,”The Nation , Sept. 3, 1983, 168–173, and “Dr. Einstein and the War Department,” Isis (June 1989): 281–284. See also Dennis Overbye, “New Details Emerge from the Einstein Files,”New York Times , May 7, 2002.
19. “Einstein Resumes Packing,”New York Times , Dec. 7, 1932; “Einstein Embarks, Jests about Quiz” and “Stimson Regrets Incident,”New York Times , Dec. 11, 1932.
20. Einstein (from Caputh) to Maurice Solovine, Nov. 20, 1932, AEA 21-218; Frank 1947, 226; Pais 1982, 318, 450. Both Frank and Pais recount Einstein’s prophetic words to Elsa about Caputh, and each likely heard the anecdote directly from them. Pais, among others, says they carried thirty pieces of luggage. Elsa, in her call to reporters after the U.S. consulate interrogation, said she had packed six trunks, but she may not have been finished packing, or may have been referring only to trunks, or may have understated the number so as not to inflame German authorities (or Pais may have been wrong). Barbara Wolff of the Einstein archives in Jerusalem thinks the tale that she packed thirty trunks is a fabrication, as is the tale that Einstein told her to “take a very good look at it” when they left Caputh (private correspondence with the author).
21. “Einstein Will Urge Amity with Germany,”New York Times , Jan. 8, 1933.
22. Nathan and Norden, 208; Clark, 552.
23. “Einstein’s Address on World Situation” (text of speech) and “Einstein Traces Slump to Machine,”New York Times , Jan. 24, 1933.
24. Fölsing, 659.
25. Einstein to Margarete Lebach, Feb. 27, 1933, AEA 50-834.
26. Evelyn Seeley, interview with Einstein, New York World-Telegram , Mar. 11, 1933; Brian 1996, 243.
27. Marianoff, 142–144.
28. Michelmore, 180. Michelmore got much of his material from Hans Albert Einstein, though this quote may have been exaggerated.
29. Einstein, Statement against the Hitler regime, Mar. 22, 1933, AEA 28-235.
30. Einstein to the Prussian Academy, Mar. 28, 1933, AEA 36–55.
31. Max Planck to Einstein, Mar. 31, 1933.
32. Max Planck to Heinrich von Ficker, Mar. 31, 1933, cited in Fölsing, 663.
33. Prussian Academy declaration, Apr. 1, 1933. The exchanges are reprinted in Einstein 1954, 205–209.
34. Einstein to Prussian Academy, Apr. 5, 1933.
35. Frank 1947, 232.
36. Prussian Academy to Einstein, Apr. 7 and 13, 1933; Einstein to Prussian Academy, Apr. 12, 1933.
37. Max Planck to Einstein, Mar. 31, 1933, AEA 19-389; Einstein to Max Planck, Apr. 6, 1933, AEA 19-392.
38. Einstein to Max Born, May 30, 1933, AEA 8-192; Max Born to Einstein, June 2, 1933, AEA 8-193.
39. Einstein to Fritz Haber, May 19, 1933, AEA 12-378. For a good profile of the Einstein-Haber relationship and this final episode, see Stern, 156–160. Also very useful is John Cornwall, Hitler’s Scientists (New York: Viking, 2003), 137–139.
40. Fritz Haber to Einstein, Aug. 1, 1933, AEA 385; Einstein to Fritz Haber, Aug. 8, 1933, AEA 12-388.
41. Einstein to Willem de Sitter, Apr. 5, 1933, AEA 20-575; Frank 1947, 232; Clark, 573.
42. Vallentin, 231.
43. Frank 1947, 240–242.
44. Einstein to Maurice Solovine, Apr. 23, 1933, AEA 21-223.
45. Einstein to Paul Langevin, May 5, 1933, AEA 15-394.
46. “Einstein Will Go to Madrid,”New York Times , Apr. 11, 1933; Abraham Flexner to Einstein, Apr. 13, 1933, AEA 38-23; Pais 1982, 493.
47. Abraham Flexner to Einstein, Apr. 26 and 28, 1933, AEA 38-25, 38-26.
48. “Einstein Lists Contracts; Princeton, Paris, Madrid, Oxford Lectures Are Only Engagements,”New York Times , Aug. 5, 1933; Einstein to Frederick Lindemann, May 1, 1933, AEA 16-372.
49. Hannoch Gutfreund, “Albert Einstein and Hebrew University,” in Renn 2005d, 318.
50. Einstein to Fritz Haber, Aug. 9, 1933, AEA 37-109; Einstein to Max Born, May 30, 1933, AEA 8-192.
51. Jewish Chronicle , Apr. 8, 1933; Chaim Weizmann to Einstein, Apr. 3, 1933, AEA 33-425; Einstein to Paul Ehrenfest, June 14, 1933, AEA 10-255.
52. Einstein to Herbert Samuel, Apr. 15, 1933, AEA 21-17; Einstein to Chaim Weizmann, June 9, 1933, AEA 33-435.
53. “Weizmann Scores Einstein’s Stand,”New York Times , June 30, 1933.
54. “Albert Einstein Definitely Takes Post at Hebrew University,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, July 3, 1933; Abraham Flexner to Elsa Einstein, July 19, 1933, AEA 33-033; “Einstein Accepts Chair:
Dr. Weizmann Announces He Has Made Peace with Hebrew University in Jerusalem,”New York Times , July 4, 1933.
55. Einstein to the Rev. Johannes B. Th. Hugenholtz, July 1, 1933, AEA 50-320.
56. Nathan and Norden, 225.
57. The queen’s name has been spelled Elizabeth in many books, but as carved on her statue and national monument in Brussels, and in most official sources, it is Elisabeth.
58. Einstein to Elsa Einstein, Nov. 1, 1930, uncatalogued new material provided to author.
59. Einstein to King Albert I of Belgium, Nov. 14, 1933, in Nathan and Norden, 230.
60. Einstein to Alfred Nahon, July 20, 1933, AEA 51-227.
61. New York Times , Sept. 10, 1933.
62. Einstein to E. Lagot, Aug. 28, 1933, AEA 50-477.
63. Einstein to Lord Ponsonby, Aug. 28, 1933, AEA 51-400.
64. Einstein to A. V. Frick, Sept. 9, 1933, AEA 36-567.
65. Einstein to G. C. Heringa, Sept. 11, 1933, AEA 50-199.
66. Einstein to P. Bernstein, Apr. 5, 1934, AEA 49-276.
67. Romain Rolland, Sept. 1933 diary entry, in Nathan and Norden, 232.
68. Michele Besso to Einstein, Sept. 18, 1932, AEA 7-130; Einstein to Michele Besso, Oct. 21, 1932, AEA 7-370.
69. Einstein to Frederick Lindemann, May 9, 1933, AEA 16-377.
70. Einstein to Elsa Einstein, July 21, 1933, AEA 143-250.
71. Locker-Lampson speech, House of Commons, July 26, 1933; “Einstein a Briton Soon: Home Secretary’s Certificate Preferred to Palestine Citizenship,”New York Times , July 29, 1933; Marianoff, 159.
72. New York World Telegram , Sept. 19, 1933, in Nathan and Norden, 234.
73. “Dr. Einstein Denies Communist Leanings,”New York Times , Sept. 16, 1933; “Professor Einstein’s Political Views,”Times of London, Sept. 16, 1933, in Brian 1996, 251.
74. Einstein, Appreciation of Paul Ehrenfest, written in 1934 for a Leiden almanac and reprinted in Einstein 1950a, 236.
75. Clark, 600–605; Marianoff, 160–163; Jacob Epstein, Let There Be Sculpture (London: Michael Joseph, 1940), 78.
76. Dukas and Hoffmann, 56.
77. Einstein, “Civilization and Science,” Royal Albert Hall, Oct. 3, 1933;Times of London, Oct. 4, 1933; Calaprice, 198; Clark, 610–611. Clark’s version is more faithful to the way the speech was given than the written version, which had two references to Germany that Einstein, diplomatically, decided to omit.
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