Empire of Cotton

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Empire of Cotton Page 81

by Sven Beckert

Eritrea

  Ethiopia

  Etienne, August

  Europe, itr.1

  cotton empire dominated by, itr.1, itr.2, itr.1, itr.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 14.1

  economic development of

  emergence of cotton industry in, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1

  maritime trade in

  European Union (EU), itr.1, 14.1

  factories, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, itr.5, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1

  closing of

  steam-powered, 3.1, 6.1, 6.2

  working conditions in, itr.1, 7.1, 7.2

  see also cotton mills

  Factory Act (1911)

  Faidherbe, Louis, 12.1, 12.2

  Faipoult, Guillaume-Charles

  Fall River, Mass., 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 14.1, 14.2

  Farmers Alliance

  fibers, natural

  Fielden Brothers

  Filature Nationale d’Egypte

  financial panics

  Firestone Mill, 13.1

  First National Bank of Japan

  fishing

  fishing nets, cotton

  Flanders, 2.1, 2.2

  flax, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 4.1, 6.1

  Florida, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1

  food crops, 1.1, 1.2, 11.1

  Forbes, G. F.

  Forrer, Eduard

  Forstall and Sons

  Forstall family, 8.1, 10.1

  Fort Sumter, Confederate firing on, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

  Foster, Fred

  Frakes, Warren, 10.1

  France, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1

  Bas-Rhin

  British wars with

  colonial territories of, 2.1, 10.1, 12.1

  cotton imports of, 4.1, 5.1, 9.1

  cotton industry and exports of, 2.1, 4.1, 9.1, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1

  labor unions in

  Normandy, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2

  Second Empire

  Franco, Francisco

  Fränkel family

  Frankfurt

  Frazer and Co.

  Free Cotton: How and Where to Grow It (Holmes)

  Freedmen’s Bureau

  free trade, 8.1, 8.2, 11.1, 13.1

  Frémont, John C.

  French East India Company, 2.1, 2.2

  French Ministry of Colonies, 9.1, 10.1

  French National Assembly

  French Revolution

  French Senate

  Friedrich Wilhelm, King of Prussia

  Friend of India

  Fugger, Hans, 1.1, 7.1

  Furndoonjee, Cursetjee

  furs, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1

  Gaillard, Peter

  Galveston, Houston, and Henderson Railroad Company

  Gama, Vasco da, 2.1, 2.2

  Gambia

  Gandhi, Mohandas K. “Mahatma,” 1.1, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5

  on hand weaving

  spinning by, 13.1, 13.2

  Ganges River, 1.1, 10.1

  Gap

  Gardiner, Robert

  Gebrüder Volkart, see Volkart Brothers

  George Johnston & Co.

  Georgia, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 8.1, 10.1, 12.1

  Georgia Green Seed cotton

  German Colonial Economic Committee, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5

  German Cotton Society of the Levant

  Germany, itr.1, 5.1, 6.1

  colonial territories of, 12.1, 12.2

  cotton industry in, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 10.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 13.1

  1918 revolution in

  Reichstag of

  Thuringia

  Wiesenthal, 6.1, 14.1

  Württemberg

  Gerolt, Freiherr von

  Gewerbeordnung

  Ghana

  Gharbieh Land Company

  Ghent, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  Gidlow Mills, 11.1

  Gisborne and Company

  Gladstone, William

  Glad Tidings, 8.1

  Glasgow, 2.1, 3.1

  Glasgow Chamber of Commerce and Manufactures

  Glauchau-Meerane

  globalization, itr.1, 8.1, 8.2, 12.1, 14.1

  Gokhale, Gopal Krishna

  gold, 1.1, 2.1

  Goldberg, Ferdinand

  Goldstone, Jack

  Goree

  Gossypium arboretum, itr.1, 1.1

  G. barbadense, itr.1, 1.1

  G. herbaceum, itr.1, 1.1

  G. hirsutum, itr.1, 1.1, nts.1

  Graf Waldersee

  grains, 1.1, 9.1, 11.1

  Great Britain, 2.1, 3.1, 13.1

  arable land in

  colonial territories of, itr.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 6.1, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 13.1

  cotton exports of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 13.1

  cotton imports of, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2

  cotton industry of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1

  declining importance of cotton industry in

  industrialization of, itr.1, itr.2, itr.1, 3.1, 5.1

  labor unions in, 2.1, 4.1

  years of warfare in, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2

  see also England; Wales

  Greater Japan Cotton Spinners’ Association

  Greece, 8.1, 14.1

  ancient

  Greg, Hannah Lightbody, 3.1, 3.2

  Greg, Samuel, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1

  Grenada

  Gruner, Hans

  Guadalajara

  Guadeloupe

  Guangzhou

  Guatemala

  Guinea

  Gujarat Industrial Association

  Gujarat Spinning and Weaving Company

  Gujarat Vaishya Sabha

  “guncotton,”

  gunpowder, cotton in

  Guyana, 4.1, 9.1, 9.2

  Guzerat

  Gyeasekang, 12.1

  Habsburg Empire, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 11.1

  Hahn, Steven

  Haiti, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1

  Hall, Nathan

  Hamburg, itr.1, 8.1, 8.2, 12.1

  Hamilton, Alexander, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  Hamilton, Francis Alexander

  Hammond, James Henry, 9.1, 14.1

  Hampton, Wade, I

  Hampton, Wade, II

  Harb, Tal’at, 13.1, 13.2

  Hargreaves, James, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 6.1

  Harris, John

  Harris, Shepard

  Harvard University

  Haskovo, 11.1

  Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich

  Helfferich, Karl

  Helm, Elijah

  hemp thread

  Henrici, Ernst K.

  Herman auf Wain, Beno von

  Herodotus, 1.1, 1.2

  Herzog, Antoine

  Hickens, W.

  hides

  Higginson, Henry Lee

  Hillsborough Estate

  Hinduism

  Hingunghat

  Hirobumi, Ito

  His Majesty’s Factory Inquiry Commission

  Hispaniola, 2.1, 4.1

  History of the Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain (Baines), itr.4

  Hobby, S. A.

  Hobsbawm, Eric, 3.1, 14.1

  Holmes, John

  Holmes, W. H.

  Holmes, William

  Holt, George, 8.1, 8.2

  Holt family

  Homo sapiens

  Hong Kong, 6.1, 14.1

  Hootton, Ellen, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 13.1

  Hootton, Mary

  Hopis, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3

  Horn, Waldermeer, 12.1

  Houston and Texas Central Railroad

  Hove, Anton Pantaleon

  Hsueh Fu-ch’eng

  Hubbard, David

  Hutton, J. Arthur

  Hyde, Nathaniel

  Hyde, Robert

  Iberia

  Imbert-Koechlin, Gustave

  imperialism, itr.1, 2.1, 2.
2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 13.1

  expansion of cotton production and, itr.1, 11.1

  Imperial Legislative Council

  Inca Empire, 1.1, 2.1

  India, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 6.1, 9.1

  Berar Province, 5.1, 5.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1

  Bombay Presidency region of, 11.1, 13.1

  British rule of, 13.1, 13.2

  contract law in

  cotton imports of, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 13.1, 13.2

  cotton industry and exports of, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4

  East

  famine and starvation in, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

  five-year plans of

  fragile social order of

  Gujarat state, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 13.1, 13.2

  labor unions in, 13.1, 13.2

  Maharashtra Province, 10.1, 11.1

  nationalism in

  Parganas district

  postcolonial, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3

  sea route to

  Sind Province

  social castes in, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3

  South

  Swadeshi movement in

  Western

  Indian Board of Trade, 2.1, 8.1

  Indian Central Cotton Committee

  Indian Factory Act (1891)

  Indian Fibres and Silk Branch

  Indian Merchants Chamber, 13.1

  Indian National Congress, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5

  flag of, 13.1

  Indian Ocean, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2

  Indian Organization for the Promotion of Indigenous Industry

  Indian Rebellion of 1857

  Indian Revenue Department

  indigo, itr.1, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2

  industrial exhibitions

  Industrial Revolution, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 14.1, nts.1

  acceleration of human productivity in, 3.1, 3.2

  core countries of

  economic growth in, itr.1, 3.1, nts.1

  evolution of slavery and

  impact of cotton industry on, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1

  labor-saving technology of

  launching of, itr.1, 3.1, 8.1

  life expectancy and

  slavery and

  Inikori, Joseph E.

  Instituto Agronômico de Campinas

  International Crisis Group

  International Institute of Agriculture

  Iran, 1.1, 1.2

  Iraq, 1.1, 1.2, 10.1

  Irish famine

  Irish Sea

  iron industry, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 11.1

  Islam, 1.1, 1.2

  spread of

  Isma’il, Viceroy of Egypt, 10.1, 11.1

  Istanbul, 9.1, 13.1

  Italian Colonial Cotton Association

  Italy

  Lombardy, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  Northern, 1.1, 2.1

  Ivory Coast, 1.1, 12.1, 12.2

  Izard, Ralph

  Izmir, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 13.1

  Jackson, Andrew

  Jain Conference

  Jains

  Jamaica, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1

  Morant Bay Rebellion in

  Jamestown, Va., 2.1, 5.1

  Japan, itr.1, itr.1, itr.2, 1.1, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1, 13.1

  cotton imports of, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3

  cotton industry and exports of, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 13.1, 13.2

  1868 Meiji Restoration in

  imperialism of

  “industrial laboratories” in

  Japanese House of Peers

  Japanese Imperial Diet, 12.1, 13.1

  Japanese Industrial Development Bureau

  Japanese Ministry of Africulture and Commerce

  Japanese Spinners’ Association

  Java, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1

  Jefferson, Thomas

  Jejeebhoy, Jamsetjee

  Jejeebhoy family

  Jemsatjee, Pestonjee

  Jevangee, Sorabje

  Jews

  German

  Jiangnan, 1.1, 4.1

  Johnson, Andrew

  Reconstruction policy of, 10.1, 10.2

  Jordan, Daniel W.

  Joshi, Narayan Malhar

  Journal of the Statistical Society

  jowar, itr.1, 11.1

  Jules Lecesne Frères et Cie

  Jumel, Louis Alexis

  J. W. & Co.

  Kagoshima City

  Kano, itr.1, 1.1, 6.1, 12.1

  Kansas

  Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

  Karnak Temple

  K. Astardjan (cotton merchants), 11.1

  Kay, John, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1

  Kay, Richard

  Kennedy, John

  Khamgaon, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2

  Khartoum

  khatedars, 10.1, 10.2

  Khokand, 12.1, 12.2

  Kimball, Richard B.

  King, Martin Luther, Jr.

  Kiowa Indians

  Knoop, Andrei L’vovich, Baron

  Knoop, Ludwig, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2, 12.1

  Knoop family

  Koechlin, André, 6.1, 6.2

  Koechlin, Camille

  Koechlin, Peter

  Korea, 1.1, 11.1, 12.1

  cotton production of, 12.1, 12.2

  Japanese occupation of, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1

  Korean Cotton Corporation

  Kostenko, Shtaba L.

  Kreenholm cotton mill

  Kreissig, Christian Friedrich

  Kunz, Heinrich

  Kuomintang

  Kwansai

  labor

  allocation of

  apprenticeship, 7.1, 7.2

  cheap, 1.1, 7.1, 7.2, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 14.1

  child, itr.1, itr.2, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 10.1, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3

  coercion and control of, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 13.1, 14.1, nts.1

  conflict mediation in

  contractual, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

  costs of, 3.1, 13.1, 13.2

  craft, itr.1, 11.1, 13.1

  division of, 1.1, 12.1

  exploitation of, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 13.1, 14.1

  family

  female, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4

  forced, 2.1, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1, 12.2, 14.1

  free, itr.1, itr.2, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 13.1

  gang

  global shifts in

  home, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2

  industrial, 3.1, 3.2

  legislation of, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4

  “liberation” of

  migrant, 10.1, 10.2, 13.1

  mobilization of, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2

  monopolizing of, 2.1, 2.2

  nationalized

  new systems of, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1

  peasant, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1

  prison, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2

  revolts of

  seasonal

  shortages of, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1, 12.2

  skilled, 1.1, 13.1, 13.2

  supervision of

  turnover of

  unskilled, 13.1, 13.2

  wages, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, itr.5, itr.6, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.6, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 14.1, nts.1

  see also factories; slaves

  labor unions, itr.1, 7.1, 13.1

  British

  French

  Indian, 13.1, 13.2

  Russian

  strikes of, 5.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3

  Ladd, Daniel
r />   Laing, Samuel, 9.1, 9.2

  Lancet

  Landbote

  land expropriation, itr.1, itr.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 8.1

  “Law of Agency” (Lord)

  Lecesne, Jules, 8.1, 8.2

  Lecesne family

  Leeds, itr.1, itr.2

  Legoux de Flaix, François-Xavier, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

  Le Havre, itr.1, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 9.1

  Leiden

  Leipzig

  Leipziger Baumwollspinnerei

  Lemire, Beverly

  Leo Africanus

  Levett, Frank

  Levi, Leone, 7.1, 9.1

  Lieber, Francis

  Lima

  Lincoln, Abraham, 9.1, 9.2

  linen, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2

  Lipartito, Kenneth J.

  List, Friedrich, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 13.1

  Liverpool, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1

  American Chamber of Commerce in, 8.1, 8.2

  panic in

  port of, 5.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 11.1, 11.2

  Liverpool Chronicle and European Times

  Liverpool Cotton Association, itr.1, 11.1, 11.2, 14.1, 14.2

  Liverpool Cotton Brokers’ Association, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 11.1

  Liverpool Cotton Exchange, itr.1, 14.1

  Liverpool Mercury

  Liverpool Southern Club

  Llobregat River

  Lodz

  logging

  Lojas Americanas S.A.

  Lomé, 12.1, 12.2

  London, itr.1, itr.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 13.1

  India Office in

  money markets of, 5.1, 9.1

  London Magazine

  looms, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3

  backstrap

  hand, itr.1, 3.1, 11.1, 12.1

  power, itr.1, itr.2, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1, 12.1, 14.1

  treadle, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1

  upright warper

  Lord, Daniel

  Louisiana, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1

  Louisiana Purchase, 5.1, 8.1

  Lowell, Francis Cabot, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2

  Lowell, Mass., itr.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 13.1, 14.1

  Lowell Female Labor Reform Association

  Low Moor Mill

  Luanda

  Luddites

  Lugard, Frederick John D.

  Luján family

  Luther, Seth

  Luxor

  Luzon

  Lyons, Lord, 9.1, 9.2

  Macedonia, 2.1, 4.1

  MacGregor, John L.

  Macon Telegraph

  Madison, James

  Madras, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 12.1

  Madras Chamber of Commerce

  Maggiore Lake

  Mahalla al-Kubra, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4

  Mahratta

  maize, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1, 12.1

  Malacca

  malaria

  Mali, 1.1, 1.2, 12.1

  Manchester, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3, itr.4, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 8.1, 12.1

 

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