Gertrude Bell

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by Georgina Howell

Chamier, Captain, 322

  Chicago, Illinois, 64

  Chirol, Sir Valentine Ignatius (“Domnul”), 44, 76, 123, 131–32, 142

  in Constantinople, 45

  in India, 61, 252, 253, 255

  in Paris, 304, 348, 351

  GLB’s letters to, 54–55, 67, 69, 120, 133, 163, 171, 180–81, 226, 227, 229, 230, 232, 233, 235, 262, 265, 291, 296, 311, 316, 317, 363, 368–69

  obituary of GLB, 415, 418

  Christian sects in Mesopotamia, 300

  Churchill, Winston, 34, 244, 286, 307, 332, 355, 407

  in Sicily, 1902, 113

  on mustard gas, 318

  at Cairo Conference, 3, 365, 366–68, 369, 370, 400

  subsequently, 372, 391

  ill.

  City of Rio de Janeiro (steamship), 60

  Clandon Park, Surrey, England: hospital, 147, 220

  Clayton, Gen. Sir Gilbert, 239–40, 250, 252, 314, 325, 341, 353, 354, 401

  Coe, Jean, 153–54, 158–59

  Collier, Eric and Gerard, 81

  Colonial Office, London, 246, 380, 389

  Constantinople, Turkey, 131, 160, 168, 279

  Hashemites, 243, 335–37

  GLB visits, 1889, 45

  1905, 110

  1909, 110, 120n

  in WWI, 149

  Constituent Assembly, Iraq, 360, 393, 404, 412

  Cooper Abbs, K. E. M., 7

  Cornwallis, Sir Kinahan, 270, 365, 370, 401

  in Baghdad, 374, 376, 380, 389–91, 393, 398, 401–403, 406

  in London, 408

  in Iraq, 1926, 409–10, 414

  writes of GLB, 270

  ill.

  Coronation, King Faisal of Iraq, 380–81

  Council of State, Iraq, 361, 362, 363, 366, 376

  Courtney, Janet see Hogarth, Janet

  Cox, Sir Percy Z., High Commissioner for Iraq, 168, 386

  at Basra, 256–57, 258, 264–65, 266, 272

  in Baghdad, 272, 274–75, 276, 278, 281, 282, 283, 284, 288, 302, 310, 316, 324, 330

  moved to Teheran, 301, 327

  in London, 329

  in Baghdad, 1920, 329, 332, 333–34, 360, 361, 362, 363

  at Cairo Conference 1921, 365, 366–68, 370, 400

  in Baghdad subsequently, 372, 373, 374, 376, 380, 381, 384, 388, 390, 391, 398, 405

  controls Iraq during Faisal’s illness, 392–93

  1923, 400

  in London, 404

  leaves Iraq, 404

  ill.

  Crackenthorpe, Bertie, 139

  Cromer, Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl, British Consul-General in Egypt, 94

  Croudace, Camilla, 29, 30, 32

  Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia, 110, 263, 369, 379

  Cubitt, Thomas, 10

  Cubitt, Sir William, 10

  Curzon, George Nathaniel, 1st Marquess of Kedleston, Viceroy of India, 61–62, 356

  Cyprus, 399

  D

  Dair al Zor, Syria, 321

  Daja tribe, 115

  Damascus, Syria, 105, 106, 109, 110, 118, 164, 178, 198

  GLB in, 1913, 169–73

  Maidan, 171

  Palace Hotel, 169

  Faisal in, with Jemal Pasha, 337–38

  1914, 215

  Arabas advance on, 344–46

  British take, 1918, 346, 355

  1919, 314

  under French Mandate, 357, 358, 360, 362

  Davidson, Iris, 402

  Davidson, Nigel, 389, 402, 406

  Deedes, Sir Wyndham, 218, 368

  Delaire, Marie (lady’s maid), 131, 136, 221–22, 235, 269, 313, 314, 406, 408

  in Baghdad, 314–15, 403, 413–14

  Delhi, India: 1903, 61

  1916, 251–52, 253, 255, 256

  Der’a, Syria, 346

  desert, travelling in, 120–24

  1900, 99–109

  1905, 110, 114–20

  1909, 110, 112, 120–21, 124

  1911, 110, 125–26

  1913–14, 110–11, 164–69, 170–93, 205–208, 211–16

  The Desert and the Sown, 120, 130, 182–83, 184

  Dickens, Charles, 24, 34, 45–46

  Director of Antiquities in Iraq (GLB), 410–11, 416

  Diwaniyah, Iraq, 323

  Dobbs, Sir Henry, 289–90, 384, 405, 412

  after GLB’s death, 415, 416, 417

  Dorman Long Company, 61, 111, 369

  Doughty, Charles Montague, 129, 145, 341

  Arabia Deserta, 129, 133, 168, 182, 186, 193, 194, 196

  Doughty-Wylie, Charles (“Dick”), 129–31, 132–57, 159, 162–63, 167, 246, 296, 303

  career, 129

  in Young Turks’ rebellion, 132

  at Rounton, 137–38, 140

  in London, 133, 140–41, 145, 149–51, 154, 232

  letters to GLB, 137–38, 140, 143–46, 148, 153, 154, 155, 168–69, 176, 208, 232

  GLB’s letters to and diary entries for, 132, 150–51, 152–53, 155, 168, 172, 175, 179–81, 185, 187, 189, 191, 201, 206, 207, 211, 212, 214, 215, 441

  letter to his mother-in-law, 153–54

  at Gallipoli, 155–56

  death, 153, 156–57, 235

  visitor to grave, 157–61, 247

  ill.

  Doughty-Wylie, Lilian (“Judith”), 129–31, 132, 134, 135, 136, 141, 144

  in France, 149

  threatens suicide, 152, 153–55

  widowed, 157, 158–59

  visits husband’s grave, 158–60

  ill.

  Drower, Edward, 389

  Druze, Jebel, mountains, Jordan, 99, 110, 115, 172, 241

  Druze tribes: GLB visits, 1900, 102, 103–105

  1905, 115, 116–17, 247

  1913, 173–74

  rebel, 1925, 360

  Dulaim tribe, 377, 417

  Duris, Lebanon, ill.

  E

  East Rounton church, 92

  education: Florence Bell’s ideas, 24–26

  in Iraq, 293–94, 316, 323

  Turkish, 293–94

  Egypt, 116, 239–40, 256, 314

  see also Cairo

  electoral systems, 370–72

  Engelhörner mountains, Switzerland, 81, 82–85

  Enver Pasha Gen. Ismael, Turkish Minister of War, 338

  Erskine, Col., 208

  Euphrates River, 110, 112, 210, 244, 277, 279, 281, 377

  mapping, 1909, 124

  1917, 289

  Everybody’s Weekly, 385

  F

  Fahad Beg ibn Hadhdbal, Sheikh, 212–13, 268, 282–83, 297, 300, 361, 377, 378

  Faisal ibn Hussain, Sharif, King of Iraq: early life, 335, 336

  in Constantinople, 243, 336, 337

  with Turkish army, 337–38

  in Arab Revolt, 337–47

  TEL first meets, 340

  Allenby meets, 346

  GLB first meets, 352–53

  describes GLB, 385–86

  at Paris Peace Conference, 347, 348–49, 350, 352, 355, 359

  in London, 1919, 357

  returns to Syria, 1919, 357

  King of Syria, 357–58

  leaves Syria, 358–59

  prospects of throne of Iraq, 3, 365, 366, 367–68, 370

  in Baghdad, 1921, 373–74, 375, 380

  at Ramadi gathering, 376–79

  coronation, 380–81

  in Baghdad as King, 381, 383, 384, 388, 389–99, 401, 402–404, 405, 406

  appendicitis, 392–93

  family, 393–96

  in London, 1925, 407–408

  in Iraq, 1926, 409–10, 412

  after GLB’s death, 415, 416

  ill.

  Fallujah, Iraq, 377

  Fao, Kuwait, 245

  Farrer, Reginald, 67, 68

  Fatima (of Hayyil), 195, 200, 204

  Fattuh (Armenian servant), 119, 128, 169–70, 172, 176, 177, 179, 186, 188, 190, 192, 200, 207, 211, 313

  hospitalized, 131

  in 1919, 314

  ill.

  Fella
h (camelherd), 172, 174, 184, 200, 211

  Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, 218

  Ferid Pasha, Grand Vizier, 131

  Finsteraarhorn mountain, Switzerland, 86–91

  ill.

  Fisher, Admiral of the Fleet John, 1st Baron Kilverstone, British First Sea Lord, 244

  Foch, Ferdinand, Marshal of France, 305

  Foreign Office, British, 166, 168, 179, 236, 238, 249, 251

  Fortuin, Belgium, 234

  franchise, 24, 69–72

  Franco-British Declaration, 1918, 307, 308, 319–20, 346, 350

  Führer, Heinrich and Ulrich (mountain guides), 79, 80, 81–85, 86–92, ill.

  Furse, Rev. Michael, 63

  G

  Gallipoli: campaign, 149–50, 152–53, 155–57

  D-W’s grave, 156, 157–60, 161

  Garah, 213

  gardening, 66, 67–69

  Gardiner, Prof. S. R., 39

  Garland, Maj. H. G., 343

  gas, mustard, 318–19

  gazelle, 212, 298

  Gazetteer of Arabia, 256

  George V, King of England, 414

  Georges-Picot, François, 250, 345, 350

  Germany: in WWI, 217–18

  after WWI, 347

  Ghanimat tribe, 99

  Ghazi, Amir (son of King Faisal), xviii, 394, 396

  Ghiath tribe, 118

  Glion, Switzerland, 66

  Gouraud, Gen. Henri J. E., 358

  Greece, 112–13

  Green, J. R., 20, 30

  Grey, Edward, 1st Viscount Falloden, British Foreign Secretary, 219, 239

  Grieve, Miss (in Arabia), 107

  H

  Hafiz (Persian poet), 53, 57–59, 163, 164

  Haifa, Israel, 109, 241

  Haldane, Gen. Sir Aylmer, 381

  Halil Pasha, Gen., 263

  Hall, Capt. R., 160, 238, 252

  Hamad (escort), 173

  Hamawand tribe, 309

  Hamid Khan, 379

  Hamilton, Gen. Sir Ian, C. in C. Mediterranean Expeditionary Forces, 156, 157

  Harb al Daransheh, Sheikh, 186–87, 188

  ill.

  Harb tribe, 342

  Hardinge, Charles, 1st Baron Penshurst, Viceroy of India, 44, 245–46, 251–53, 254, 257, 272, 338

  GLB meets, 255, 256

  GLB’s letters to, 262, 363, 397

  harems, 188, 195–96, 202, 336 ill. Harithya, Baghdad, 388, 394, 395

  Harrison, Marguerite, 383–84

  Hasa Province, Saudi Arabia, 210, 266

  Hashemites, 243, 308, 335–37, 374, 399

  see also Hussain ibn Ali el-Aun, Sharif

  Hasineh tribe, 108

  Hassan, Sayyid, mujtahid, 321

  Hawr al Hammar lagoon, Iraq, 261

  Hayyil, Saudi Arabia, 110, 143, 166–68, 170–71, 190, 193

  GLB in, 194–205, 207, 216

  Ibn Saud takes, 1921, 396

  ill.

  Hejaz: and Arab Revolt, 243, 248, 254, 335, 337, 343, 346

  Sauds attack, 396, 397, 398

  see also place names

  Henley, Sylvia (née Stanley), 113, 407, 408, 409

  Herbert, Aubrey, 67, 241, 263, 351

  Hickey, Michael, 158, 160

  Hilah (wife of Muhammad Abu Tayyi), 188

  Hogarth, David, 40

  archaeology, 112, 125, 128

  with Arab Bureau, 160, 161, 167, 236–37, 239, 240, 241, 242

  after GLB’s death, 415

  Hogarth, Janet (later Courtney), xviii, 40, 72, 129, 236–37, 406, 407

  Homs, Syria, 118

  horse riding, 97–98, 106

  Hourani, Albert, 182

  Howeitat tribe, 116, 186–89, 417

  ill.

  Huber, Charles, 167

  Hussain, Sayid, 381

  Hussain ibn Ali el-Aun, Emir, Sharif of Mecca, 335

  detained in Constantinople, 243, 336

  as father 336

  McMahon correspondence, 244, 248, 250, 345, 359

  and Arab Revolt, 242–44, 254, 337–41, 345

  subsequently, 349, 357

  abdication, 396

  and Faisal, 359, 396, 397

  last years, 399

  Hussaina, Amira, Queen of Iraq (wife of King Faisal), 394–95, 396

  I

  Ibn Mutab, Sheikh, 175

  Ibn Rashid, Amir, 166, 175, 205

  Ibn Saud, Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia, 166, 175, 190, 206, 210, 266–68, 285, 308, 374

  in Basra, 266–68

  described by GLB, 205, 267

  his view of GLB, 267–68

  takes Hayyil, 396

  attacks Hejaz and Hashemites, 396, 398, 399 ill.

  Ibrahim (of Hayyil), 196, 197, 198, 200–202, 204, 215–16

  India, 95

  Lord Curzon’s durbar, 61–62

  and Mesopotamia, 244, 245, 249, 250

  government attitude to Arabia, 245–46, 249, 250

  GLB visits Viceroy, 252, 254, 255–56

  India Office, London, 249, 285, 330, 332

  Indian Army Expeditionary Force D, 246, 259, 265, 280, 299

  Intrusives, 250, 254, 307

  Iraq, 110, 319

  borders, 301, 321, 322, 400, 411

  taxation, 290, 323–34, 332

  After WWI, 308, 319

  Franco-British Declaration, 1918, 307, 308, 319–20, 346–47, 350

  British Mandate, 319, 329, 360, 368, 388–91

  elections, 1921, 370–72

  referendum, 1921, 376

  British-Iraq Treaty, 1922, 389, 391, 393, 404, 411

  elections, 1923, 405

  Organic Law, 393, 404, 412

  tripartite treaty with Britiain and Turkey, 412

  see also Baghdad

  Mesopotamia

  Iraq Museum, xviii, 410, 411

  “Gertrude Bell Room,” 416

  Ironside, Gen. Sir Edmund, C in C.

  British Forces, Persia, later C.I.G.S.

  and 1st Baron, 366

  Istabulat, Iraq, 289

  J

  Jaf tribe, 309

  Jafar Pasha el Askeri, Iraq Minister of Defence, Ambassador to Great Britain, 344, 361, 362, 363, 366

  Jamal Zahawi, 375

  James, Henry, 49

  The Awkward Age, 49

  Jaudat Bey, 395

  Jemal Pasha, Gen. Mehmed, Turkish

  Governor-General of Syria, 337–38, 344, 369

  Jersualem, 95–96

  GLB’s early visits, 67, 94, 96–99, 107, 109

  Hotel Jerusalem, 96–97

  Jews in, 96, 354–55

  1919, 314

  Jewish Legion, 355

  Jews, 95, 96, 313–14, 353–56

  Jidda, Saudi Arabia, 337, 339, 341, 345

  Jof, Saudi Arabia, 189, 200, 205

  John, Augustus, 352

  Jones, Miss (hospital matron), 269, 317–18

  Jordan Valley, 99, 114–15

  judicial system, Iraq, 291–92

  K

  Kadhimain, Iraq, 320–21

  Karbala, Iraq, 124, 207, 247, 282, 294

  pilgrim burial at, 289; 1917, 289, 300

  Kemal, Ismail, 120n

  Kemal, Mustafa (Ataturk), President of Republic of Turkey, 396

  Kerak, Jordan, 100, 239

  Khanikin (Khaniqin, Khanakin), Iraq, 309–11

  King Faisal’s farm, 388, 409

  Kharaneh castle, Jordan, 177

  Kiamil, 120n

  Kiepert, Heinrich (cartographer), 97

  Kifri, Iraq, 323

  Kirkuk, Iraq, 309, 311, 312, 400

  Kish, Iraq, 411

  Kitchener, Field Marshal Horatio H., 1st Earl of Khartoum, 208

  and Arab Revolt, 243, 248, 252, 254, 309, 337

  Klug, Miss (governess), 17, 18, 26

  Konya, Anatolia: GLB in, 1905, 114, 119;

  1907, 127, 128, 130

  Young Turks in, 132

  refugees in, 134

  Kuntze, Helene, 86

  Ku
rdistan, 312, 322, 381, 394, 400–401

  Kurds, 282, 300, 312, 322, 381

  revolt against Turks, 1917, 309–11

  at Paris Peace Conference, 312

  after Cairo Conference, 400–401

  Kut (Kut el Amara), Mesopotamia: siege and capture, 262–63, 272, 387

  rebuilt, 288

  L

  Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, 32, 37–41, 42, 142

  Lake, Gen. Sir Percy, C. in C. Indian Expeditionary force D, 259

  Lake of Egerdir, Turkey, 128

  Langridge, Edith, 40

  Lascelles, Billy, 42, 43, 45, 48, 139

  Lascelles, Florence, 21, 42, 50, 76, 297

  Lascelles, Sir Frank, British Ambassador to Germany, 13, 42, 50, 75, 76

  Lascelles, Gerald, 42, 54

  Lascelles, Mary (née Olliffe), 13, 42–45, 50, 52

  death, 57, 75

  Laurence, Alec, 71

  Lausanne, Treaty of, 399–400

  Law, Andrew Bonar, British Prime Minister, 404

  Lawrence, T. E., xvi, xvii, 181–82, 258, 260, 302

  at Carchemish, 125, 169

  in Cairo, 161, 240, 242, 246, 247, 248–49, 250, 254

  in Basra, and siege of Kut, 263, 387

  and Arab Revolt, 338, 339–44, 385

  at Paris Peace Conference, 347, 349, 350, 351

  subsequently, 365, 366

  at Cairo Conference, 3, 366–67

  later career, 415

  writes of GLB, 387–88, 415

  Seven Pillars of Wisdom, 338, 340, 342, 387, 401

  ill.

  Lawrence, Will (brother of T. E.), 161, 247

  League of Nations, 306–307, 329, 369, 389, 393

  Boundary Commission, 400, 411

  Library, Baghdad Public, 379

  Lloyd, George Ambrose, 1st Baron, 241

  Lloyd George, David, 1st Earl of Dwyfor, British Prime Minister, 34, 71, 305, 349, 350, 353, 355, 357

  London: No. 10 Belgrave Terrace, 54

  GLB visits 1898, 61

  1907, 131

  1912–13, 132–33

  1919, 303

  1925, 406–407

  Half Moon Street, 132, 140, 149, 232

  National Portrait Gallery, 69

  parks, 68

  No. 95 Sloane Street, 10, 12, 61, 65, 145, 160, 208, 235, 406, 407

  Red Cross Wounded and Missing Enquiry Department, 234, 235, 236

  School of Oriental Studies, 50, 56

  Louis of Orléans, Prince, 79

  Lowther, Milly, 303

  Lulua (of Hayyil), 195, 203

  Lutyens, Sir Edwin (architect), 255

  M

  Macmillan, Margaret, 347

  MacMunn, Gen. Sir George, 257–58, 261

  Madeba, Jordan, 176

  Mahan, Alfred Tahyer, 94

  Makinnon, Dr., 215

  Malcolm, Ian, 353

  Mallet, Sir Louis, British Ambassador to Turkey, 168, 178–79, 181

  mandrake, 67

  Manners for Women, 60

  Marius (mountain guide), 76, 77, 78

  Marshall, Captain: murdered, 300

  Marshall, Herbert (cousin of GLB), 32

 

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