Clemenceau, Michel
Clift, Montgomery
Cold War: Stalin disfavours; beginnings; develops
collective guilt
Cologne: destruction; Adenauer in; slowness in recovery
Cominform: established
Communist Party of Germany (KPD): refounded; and Berlin elections (1946); renamed SED
concentration camps: reused by Allies; Jews in; categories of inmates; liberated; killing methods; inmates ordered to be killed; in Austria; Czech; in Silesia; in Russian zone; German disbelief in; tours; trials of administrators; see also individual camps
Concordia Bureau
Conference of Foreign Ministers (CFM): Moscow (December 1946); decided at Potsdam; first meeting (London, 1945); London (January 1947); Moscow (March 1947); London (November 1947); London (February 1948); London (July 1948)
Coningham, Air Marshal Sir Arthur
Conrad, Josef
Control Commission Germany (CCG)
Control Council see Allied Control Council
Co-operative of American Remittances to Europe (CARE)
Cossacks: fight against Red Army; repatriated to Russia under Yalta Agreement
Council of Europe: formed
Council of Relief Agencies Licensed to Operate in Germany (CRALOG)
Couve de Murville, Maurice
Cranborne, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Viscount (later 5th Marquess of Salisbury)
crime: and black market; theft
Croats
Croy, Princess Agathe
Cullis, M. F.
Cultural Alliance see Kulturbund zur demokratischen Erneuerung Deutschlands
Curzon, George Nathaniel, Marquess
Cuxhaven
Czechoslovakia: territorial claims; settlement and minorities problem; formed (1919); Germans occupy (1939); Sudetenländers (German minority) in; communists take over (1948); liberated (1945); purge (1945); revenge and atrocities against Germans; rapes in; concentration camps; American zone; suicides; torture in; expulsion of Germans and minorities; People’s Courts; German POWs in; post-war government; under Soviet influence; effects of peace settlement on; see also Prague
Dachau concentration camp
Dahrendorf, Gustav
Dahrendorf, Ralf, Baron
Dalade, Colonel
Daladier, Edouard
Dalton, Hugh
Danzig (Gdansk)
Darré, Walter
‘death marches’
De Gasperi, Alcide
de Lancie, John
Deleuze, Major
Dempsey, General Sir Miles
denazification
Devers, General Jacob
Dibelius, Otto
Dick, Professor Walter
Dickens, A. G.
Diels, Rudolf
Dietrich, Landrat (of Ruppin)
Dietrich, Otto
Dietrich, General Sepp
Diewald (Austrian lawyer)
Dimitrov, Georgy displaced persons (DPs): in central Europe; looting and killing by; rapes by; in black market
Ditzen, Rudolf (Hans Fallada)
Ditzen, Suse
Dix, Otto
Dix, Rudolf
Dixon, Specialist Sergeant Shirley
Djilas, Milovan
Dmowski, Roman
Dobbek, Dr
Döblin, Alfred; Berlin-Alexanderplatz
‘Doktora’ (of Königsberg)
Dollfuss, Engelbert
Dombrowski (Polish policeman)
domobranci (Slovenian home guard)
Dönhoff, Marion, Gräfin
Dönitz, Admiral Karl
Donnedieu de Vabres, Henri
Donovan, William
Dortmund
Dos Passos, John: on US Military Government HQ in Frankfurt; on co-operation between Western zones; on Vienna; on Fragebogen and denazification; and US hatred of Germans; on DPs’ lawlessness; on Rhine Meadow camps; reports Nuremberg trials; interviews Clay
Douda (Czech police director)
Douglas, Marshal of the RAF Sir Sholto
Draht, Andreas
Drambusch (forester)
Draper, General William
Dratvin, General M. I.
Dresden
Dresden Gallery
Drobner, Bolesław
drugs
Dubensky, William
Dubois, Lieutenant Herbert
Duermayer, Heinz
Dunbaugh, Captain Frank M.
Dunn, Thomas
Duppau, Czechoslovakia
Düsseldorf
Dyck, Dr van
Dymshitz, Colonel Alexander
Dyszkant, Dr
East Germany see German Democratic Republic
East Prussia: Soviet offensive and destruction in; German population; religious faith; refugees from; starvation in; Stalin’s view on at Potsdam; Germans driven from; Russians appropriate part; see also Prussia
Ebensee, Austria
Eberle, Henrik and Matthias Uhl (eds): Das Buch Hitler (The Hitler Book)
Ebert, Friedrich
Eclipse, Operation
Eden, Anthony (later 1st Earl of Avon): and transfer of Germans from East Prussia; disdain for Austria; recognises Austrian claim to independence; and Nuremberg trials; at Potsdam Conference; supports Italian claim to South Tyrol
Edler, Franz
Ehrenburg, Ilya
Eichmann, Adolf
Eigruber, August Gauleiter
Einsiedel, Horst von
Eisenerz Trial (1946)
Eisenhower, General Dwight D.: declares war ended; orders Dönitz’s arrest; visits concentration camp; in Frankfurt-am-Main; reputation; and anti-frat order; and US pillaging; and Göring’s capture; and agreement on Berlin; and territorial allocations at Potsdam; Truman visits in Frankfurt; threatens to scrap Control Council; federal officials quit under
Eisler, Hans
Emery, Major
Engelbert, Otto
Epenstein, Hermann von
Erdmannsdorff, Otto von
Erhard, Ludwig
Erhardt, John
Erlach, Albert von
Ermland
Erzgebirge, the
Esser, Hans
Esser, Heinz
Eulenburg, Siegfried
European Advisory Commission (EAC)
European Union (earlier Common Market)
Falkenburger, Paul
Falkenhausen, General Alexander von
Fallada, Hans see Ditzen, Rudolf
Fandrich (judge)
Farmer, Captain Walter
Faulhaber, Cardinal Michael
Fechner, Max
Fediunsky, General I. I.
Fegelein, Hermann
Fegelein, Waldemar
Fehrer, Franz
Feitenhansl, Karl
Felix, Leo (‘Felix Field’)
Feuchtwanger, Lion
Février, Jacques
Fichte, Paul
Fiedler, Ludwig
Field Security Service (FSS; British)
Fierlinger, Zdenek
Figl, Leopold
Filippov, Captain films see cinema
Final Solution; see also Jews
Fischer, Ernst; The Rebirth of My Country
Fischhorn Castle, near Zell-am-See
Fitsch, Eduard
Fläschner, Hans
Flensburg
Flick Group
Flieder, Paul
Flory, General L. D. (Les)
Flossenbürg concentration camp
Foord, Brigadier E. J.
Forrestal, James
Forst, Willy
Forster, Albert
Foster, Norman, Baron
Fragebogen
France: revenge acts against Germany; goals for defeated Germany; seeks recognition as great power; claims to Rhine and Ruhr; demands for zone of occupation in Germany; employs German forced labour; granted sector in Berlin; and Austrian settlement; repossesses country after liberation; advance to Austria; forces in occupation
of Rhineland; advance on Baden; undisciplined behaviour; arrival in Berlin; administration in Berlin; sympathy towards Germans; creates Rhineland-Palatinate; plans for Rhineland; favours united Europe; opposes German unity; atrocities against Germans; policy on Germany; jurisdiction over German territory; acquires Saar; demands coal from Germany; in Austria; removes Austrian industrial plant; administration in Vienna; Austrian view of; cultural activities in Vienna; on German guilt; and denazification; and German POWs; not invited to Potsdam; and Polish settlement; treaty with Soviet France - continued Russia (1945); friction with Soviet Russia; approves of German territorial concessions in east; rights to Saar; opposes Truman Doctrine; and Soviet claims to Ruhr; forms Trizonia with USA and Britain; non-participation in Berlin airlift; attitude to and relations with Adenauer; post-war arrests and trials; effect of peace settlement on
Frank, Benno
Frank, Hans
Frank, Karl-Hermann
Frankfurt-am-Main; Städel Gallery
Franz, Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
Frederick II (the Great), King of Prussia: body moved and reinterred
Frederick Leopold, Prince of Prussia
Frederick William I, King of Prussia: body moved and reinterred
Free Austrian (World) Movement (FAM; FAWM)
Free Democratic Party (FDP)
Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ): formed
Freisler, Roland
Freiwaldau (Jeseník), Czechoslovakia
French zone (ZOF; Germany): refugees in; co-operation with British and American zones; numbers of French in; exports to France; industrial plant transferred to France; treatment of Germans in; German youth admiration for French; culture in; food shortages in; supposed market for babies; black market in; and Berlin airlift
Freud, Anton
Freudenstadt
Freudenthal, Czechoslovakia
Freund, Hans
Frey, Hans
Freyberg, General Sir Bernard
Freytag, Gustav Frick, Wilhelm
Friede, Dieter Friedeburg, Admiral Hans von
Friedrich, Ruth Andreas: in Brandenburg; welcomes end of Reich; on life in occupied Berlin; sees Americans in Steglitz; and denazification and Fragebogen; and disposal of dead; at killing of Borchard; on influx of Königsberger; and death of Bersarin; and cultural events; on German GI brides; on French influence on German youth; on theft of wood from grave; and Russian occupation of Chancellery; on returning German POWs; on Nuremberg trials; and Truman’s visit to Berlin; welcomes Potsdam Agreement; in severe winter (1946-7); on resurgence of Nazism in Hamburg; on Berlin blockade; and Berlin airlift; flees to West; Schauplatz Berlin
Friedrich Wilhelm von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Prince
Frings, Cardinal Joseph, Archbishop of Cologne
Fritsch, General Werner von
Fritzsche, Hans
Froning, Karl
Fuernberg, Friedl
Fugger von Glött, Prince
Funk, Walter
Fürstenstein, Silesia
Furtwängler, Wilhelm
Fyfe, Sir David Maxwell
Galen, Clemens August, Graf von, Bishop of Münster
Gamelin, General Maurice Gustave
Ganeval, General Jean
Gangl, Major
gangs: in central Europe
Gans, Major Hiram
Garibaldi, Sante
Gasperi, Alcide De see De Gasperi, Alcide
Gaulle, Charles de: proposes indefinite occupation of Rhineland; and changes to Germany; claims German labour for France; orders Lattre de Tassigny to cross Rhine; and French independence; advocates co-operation with Germany; Soviet hostility to; favours Germany as confederation; Hopkins negotiates with; Roosevelt disdains; on Potsdam agreement to create central agencies in zones; supports European union
GDR see German Democratic Republic
Gebauer, Alfred
Geneva Convention; and Nuremberg trials
George, Heinrich
German Democratic Republic (GDR; East Germany): lawyers in; founded; Russians introduce new currency
German Federal Republic (FDR; West Germany): beginnings; created; Russians oppose; administrative structure and constitution; adopts basic law; elections (August 1949)
Germans: minorities in non-German states; ordered to visit concentration camps; suicides after defeat; Czech atrocities against; expelled from central and eastern Europe; resettlement; in Poland; abducted to develop industry in Russia; work for Allies; expelled from Austria; property assets and restitution; disbelieve atrocity stories about Nazis
Germany: wartime casualties; and Atlantic Charter; divided between Allies; proposed division into small states; Allies demand unconditional surrender; destruction of towns and cities; evacuates prisons; industrial plant removed; forms interim government under Dönitz; surrenders (8 May 1945); communists in; Allied fraternising forbidden; policy in Czechoslovakia; internal deportations; Soviet administrative structure in; wine plundered; industrial survival; US policy on; currency reformed and stabilised; French changing policy on; Allied disputes over industrial activity; literary revival; Jews in; and collective guilt; starvation policy in; food riots and demonstrations; plague of wild boars; prisoners of war; military organisation and command; tries Nazi war criminals; lawyers absolved of Nazi crimes; dissolved as independent nation; discussed at Potsdam Conference; divided at Potsdam Conference; boundaries; severe winter (1946-7); Transitional Law passed (1947); split into East and West; economic recovery; proposed rearmament; effects of war and peace settlement on
Gernrode, Saxony
Gerö, Dr Joseph
Gertner, Wolfgang
Gessner, Adrienne
Gibson-Watt, Andrew
Gilbert, Felix
Gimborski, Cesaro
Gladow, Werner
Glasenbach, Austria
Glaser, Kurt
Glatz, Silesia
Gleiwitz, Silesia
Glum, Friedrich
Goebbels, Joseph: hopes for Western Allies to attack Russians; predicts rape by Red Army; on killing of Oppenhof; and behaviour of occupying Russians; body found; suicide; propaganda films; Rhineland origins; and Furtwängler; Attlee believes in Soviet hands; on ‘iron curtain’
Goebbels, Magda
Goedde, Petra: GIs and Germans
Gofman, K.
Gollancz, Sir Victor; The Ethics of Starvation; In Darkest Germany
Gomułka, Władisław
Gorbatov, Colonel-General Boris
Gordow, General
Göring, Edda
Göring, Emmy
Göring, Hermann: four-year economic plan; and satire; protects Karajan; property houses Jewish DPs; art collection; capture and trial at Nuremberg; attitude to colleagues; suicide; and Winifred Wagner; on dissolution of Allied coalition
Görlitz
Gotthelft, Ille
Gottschee
Gouliga, Captain Alexander
Graf, Willi
Grass, Günter: xiii, 249; Im Krebsgang; The Tin Drum
Graz
Great Escape (Stalag Luft III, Silesia)
Greece: population transfer with Turks; communists in; in US sphere of influence
Greene, Graham
Greene, Hugh Carleton
Gregor, Carl
Greifenberg
Greisser, Arthur
Grese, Irma
Griehsel, Max
Griessmann, Erika
Grillparzer, Franz
Grimm, Dr Carl
Grimm, Eduard
Grinberg, Zalman
Grisebach, August
Grisebach, Hanna
Gros, Professor (of France)
Grosz, George
Grotewohl, Otto
Group
Gruber, Karl
Gruenther, General Alfred
Grünberg, Lower Silesia
Gründgens, Gustaf
Grüssau monastery, Silesia
Grynspann, Herschel
Günsche, Otto
/> Günter, Prince von Schönburg-Waldenburg
Günther, Marianne
Gusen concentration camp
Gutmann, Rudolf
Guyot (French torturer)
Habe, Hans (Janos)
Habermas, Jürgen
Habsburg, Karl Ludwig von
Habsburg, Otto von
Habsburg, Robert von
Hackmüller (Baldur von Schirach’s secretary)
Haffner, Sebastian
Hague Conventions
Hahn, Otto
Halder, General Franz
Halem, Nikolaus von
Halifax, Edward Frederick Lindley Wood t Earl of
Hamburg: destruction; British in; accommodation shortage
Hamelin
Hammerstein-Equord, Baron
Hammerstein-Equord, Colonel-General Kurt von
Hanke, Gauleiter Karl
Hanover; liberated and occupied
Harcourt, Robert d’
Hardenberg, Graf Carl-Hans von
Hardman, Rev. Leslie
Harriman, Averell
Harris, Air Marshal Sir Arthur
Hartheim concentration camp
Harwood, Ronald: Taking Sides
Hassell, Ulrich von
Haubach, Theodor
Hauptmann, Gerhart
Hausenstern, Wilhelm
Häussermann, Ernst
Hautmann, Rudolf
‘Haw Haw, Lord’ see Joyce, William
Hawelka, Josefine and Leopold
Hedy, Sister
Heidelberg
Heiden, Konrad
Heilig, Bruno: Men Crucified
Heimpel, Professor
Heine, Heinrich
Heinrich, Theodore (‘Ted’)
Heisenberg, Werner
Heligoland
Henderson, Sir Nevile
Henderson, (Sir) Nicholas Hengher, Sofie
Henlein, Konrad
Henry V (film)
Hentig, Hartwig von
Hentschel, Volker: Ludwig Erhard
Herbert, General Sir Otway
Herbruck, Franconia
Hermann-Göring-Werke, Linz
Hermann-Neisse, Max
Hermes, Andreas
Hermine of Reuss, Princess (Kaiser’s second wife)
Hernnstadt, Rudolf
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