Noiret, General Roger
Nolde, Emil
Nordhausen-Dora
Normann, Käthe von
Normann, Philipp von
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
Nüll, Edwin von der
Nuremberg Laws
Nuremberg trials: Paul Schmidt at; Göring and; and executions; established and constituted; treatment of accused; conduct of; sentences; lesser trials; and severe winter (1946-7)
O5 (Austrian resistance group)
Occupation Marks (currency)
Ochab, Edward
Ödenburg (Sopron)
Oelssner, Fred
Ohlendorf, Otto
Ohrdruf labour camp
Olbricht, General Friedrich
Oldenburg-Januschau, Elard von
O’Neill, Con
opera: in Soviet zone; in American zone
Opfer der Fascismus (OdF)
Oppenhoff, Franz
Oradour-sur-Glane, France
Oran: French fleet sunk by British
Oranienburg
Osberger family
Oscar, Prince of Prussia
Ostpolitik
Ottilinger, Frau
Oulman, Gaston
Padover, Saul
Paget, Reginald
Pakenham, Francis Aungier Pakenham t Baron (later 7th Earl of Longford)
Pal, Rahabinode
Palestine: Jewish refugees emigrate to
Palmer, Rex
Pałucki, Władysław
Pancrác (Pankratz), Czechoslovakia
Pannwitz, General Helmuth von
Papagos, Field Marshal Alexander
Papen, Franz von: arrested, tried and acquitted; and Schwerin von Krosigk; retried and sentenced after Nuremberg acquittal; membership of Berlin Herrenklub; claims US guards offer suicide means; attends mass
Paris peace conference (1946)
Parker, John J.
Patton, General George S.: visits concentration camp; army in Czechoslovakia; attitude to Germans; character and manner; reputation; on Jewish DPs; relieved of command for comment on Nazis; and treatment of German POWs; orders killing of POWs at Biscari; hostility to Soviet Russia; on results of war settlement
Patzak, Julius
Paulus, Field Marshal Friedrich
Pauly, Max
Pavlov (interpreter)
Pawlowsky, Dr
Payne Best, Captain Sigismund
Pearson, Lieutenant-Colonel
Pechtel, Ursula
Peenemünde
Peiper, Jochen
Pelican, Fred (born Friedrich Pelikan)
People’s Congress for Unity and Just Peace
Perl, William
Pétain, Marshal Philippe Peters, Dr Theofil
Petersen, Rudolf
Petznek, Frau (née Archduchess Elisabeth)
Pfitzner, Hans
Pfitzner, Josef
Pforzheim
Philby, Kim
Philip, Prince of Hesse
Picht, Georg
Pieck, Wilhelm
Pierrepoint, Albert
Pillau, East Prussia
Pinson (French ex-Jesuit)
Piquet, Gabriel, Bishop of Clermont-Ferrand
Pirchegger, Anton
Pirzio-Biroli, Fey
Plathe
Plattling camp
Plattner (anti-Nazi Tyrolean)
Pleiger, Paul
Pless family
Plettenberg, Graf
Pliever, Theodor; Stalingrad
Podewils, Sophie Dorothea
Podhragy, Baron Leopold Popper von
Pohl, Gerhart
Pohl, Oswald
Pohrlitz camp, Czechoslovakia
Poland: Nazi death camps; border disputes and agreements; Stalin’s policy on; territorial claims; soldiers liberate Teschen; allocated former Teutonic regions at Yalta; General Gouvernement; resettlement programme; claims Breslau; Miliz (organisation); partition; treatment of Germans; racial minorities in& n; religion in; German disdain for; and deportation of Germans; anti-semitism in; German POWs in; trial and punishment of war criminals; Lublin government; Churchill attempts to settle; occupies Silesia; discussed at Potsdam Conference; as buffer for Soviet Union; effects of peace settlement on
Pollack, James K.
Pollitzer (or Pollitt), E. H.
Pomerania: disease in; Soviet conquest and occupation of; Germans in; religious faith
Poncet (French adjutant)
Popławski, Jan-Ludwig
Portman, Sergeant
Postelberg (Postoloprty), Czechoslovakia
Potsdam: Garrison Church;
destruction and conditions;
Russians in
Potsdam Conference (1945): and policy on occupation; and situation in eastern Europe; and expulsion of Germans; and territorial allocations; Agreement; and German coal supply; and Austrian question; on feeding of Germans; Stalin’s dominance at; inter-Allied differences; France excluded; agenda; and Polish settlement; arrangements; on transfer of populations; assessed
Potter, Captain Merle
Prague: uprising (1945); Germans occupy (1939); German population; atrocities against Germans; Red Army in; torture in; coup (March 1948); see also Czechoslovakia
Praxmarer, Konrad
Preetorius, Emil
Priess, Hermann
Princip, Gavrilo
prisoners of war (POWs): German; in American camps; in British camps; in Belgium; tried and sentenced for war crimes; in French camps; in Russian camps; in Czechoslovakia, Poland and Yugoslavia; released; rights
Privalov, General Pjotr
Probst, Christoph
prostitution
Pruša, Alois and daughters
Prussia: suicides in; Adenauer and; ends as state; see also East Prussia
Pryce-Jones, Alan
publishing: in Soviet zone
Pulitzer, Joseph
Pünder, Hermann
Pust, Heinz
Puttkamer family
Puttkamer, Jesko von
Puttkamer, Robert von
Quadt-Isny, Eugen, Graf
Quebec Conference (1943)
Rabinovich, Leonid
radio
Radio in American Sector (RIAS)
Radio Liberty
Radley, Arthur
Raeder, Admiral Erich
Rahm, Karl
Ransbach
rape see women
Rath, Ernst vom
Rathenau, Walther
Rattenhuber, Johann
Rauschning, Hermann
Rave, Paul Ortwin
Ravensbrück concentration camp
Ravenstein, Lieutenant-General Hans von
Rawdon, Sergeant R.
Reber, Samuel
Reckzeh, Dr
Red Army: captures and occupies Vienna; rapes ; advance and behaviour in Europe; compared to American negroes; in occupation of Berlin; and liberation of Prague (1945); in Prague; behaviour in Czechoslovakia; in Königsberg; depredations in Silesia; looting in Austria; see also Soviet Russia
Red Cross
Red Orchestra
Rees, Goronwy
Regensburg
Rehrl, Josef
Reichskristallnacht (1938)
Reichskulturkammer (RKK)
Rein, Dr (prison doctor)
Reinhardt, Professor (conductor)
Reitlinger, Major
Reitsch, Hanna
Remagen
Rendulic, Colonel-General Lothar
Renner, Karl: heads post-war Austrian government; favours admitting German refugees to Austria; attacked by Podhragy; supports Anschluss; mistrusted by Western powers; and Charlemagne’s crown; resists confiscation of Zistersdorf oilfields; French attitude to; and South Tyrol
Rettig, Gerhard
Reuter, Ernst
Revers, General Georges
Reynaud, Paul
Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung (newspaper)
Rheinberg camp
Rhine Meado
w camps (POWs)
Rhineland: French claims on; liberated by Western Allies; in British zone; French development plans for
Rhineland-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen)
Ribbentrop, Joachim von
Richter, Hans Werner
Richter, Father Helmut
Richtrmoc (president of Society for Czech-German Friendship)
Riddleberger, James
Riedel, Claus
Riedel, Walter
Riess, Curt
Ripka, Hubert
Ritter, Karl
Roberts, Frank
Robertson, General Sir Brian
Robertson, Sir William
Robinson, Captain (USA)
Röhm, Ernst
Rohracher, Andreas, Archbishop of Salzburg
Rohrscheidt, Hans von
Rohwohlt, Ernst (publisher)
Roman Catholicism: in Poland
Romania: German community evicted
Rome, Treaty of (1957)
Rooks, Major-General Lowell
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano: anti-German views; drafts Atlantic Charter; restrains French ambitions; death; concessions to Stalin; and Polish borders; and transfer of German subjects; and denazification; favours shooting leading Nazis; at Yalta; and control of Königsberg; and division of world with Soviet Russia
Rosche, Dr
Rosenberg, Alfred
Rosensaft, Josef
Rosenzweig, Alfred
Rösner, Johann
Ross, A. D. M.
Rosterg, Sergeant Wolfgang
Rothenberger, Curt
Rothenstein camp, East Prussia
Rothschild family
Royall, General Kenneth
Rügen (island)
Rühmann, Heinz
Ruhr: Poles in; in British zone; Russian claims on; French claims on; coal production; administrative authority proposed; Germans given cue to decide future
Runciman, Waltert Viscount
Rundstedt, Field Marshal Gerd von
Russell, Bertrand
Russell of Liverpool, Edward Frederick Langley RussellBaron
S., Leni
Saar
Saaz, Czechoslovakia
Sachsen-Anhalt
Sachshausen concentration camp
Salomon family
Salomon, Ernst von: and local civil administration under occupation; Wehrpass destroyed by GI; on rapes by Americans; detained and mistreated by Americans; on POW treatment in France; Der Fragebogen (The Answers)
Salvator, Hubert
Salzburg; Festival
San Francisco Conference (1944)
Sargent, Sir Malcolm
satire: in Soviet zone
Sauckel, Fritz
Sauerbruch, Ferdinand
Sauken, General Dietrich von
Saxony
Sayn-Wittgenstein, Prinz zu see Franz, Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein
Schacht, Hjalmar
Schäffer, Fritz
Schärf, Adolf
Scharoun, Hans
Scharp (prisoner in Russia)
Schaumburg-Lippe family
Schell, Margarete
Schell, Peter, Baron von
Schellenberg, Walther
Scherber, Professor and Mrs
Schernstein, Herbert
Scheunemann, Wolfgang
Schicketanz, Franz
Schiffer, Eugen
Schilling, Klaus
Schirach, Baldur von
Schirach, Henrietta von
Schlabrendorff, Fabian von
Schlegelberger, Franz
Schleswig-Holstein
Schliemann, Heinrich: treasures from Troy
Schlüter, Andreas
Schmid, Carlo
Schmidt, Guido
Schmidt, Paul
Schmitt, Carl
Schmitt, Heinrich
Schmittlein, Raymond
Schmitz, Bruno
Schmitz, Richard
Schmorrell, Alexander
Schmorrell, Natascha
Schnabel, Peter Joseph
Schnabel, Wilhelm
Schnetzer, Max
Schnitzler, Arthur
Schnurre, Wolfdietrich
Schöbritz concentration camp, Czechoslovakia
Scholl, Hans and Sophie
Scholz, Willi
Schönburg-Waldenburg, Prince von see Günter, Prince von Schönburg-Waldenburg
Schöner, Josef: in liberated Vienna; on Mensdorff; on arrest of von Papen; on Austrian puppet government; and status of South Tyrol; attends concert; on rapes in Austria; and partition of Vienna; on Austrian soldiers’ support for Hitler; told of treatment of Czech Germans; on German refugees in Vienna; Wiener Tagebuch 1944/1945
Schönerer, Georg von
Schöninger, Johann
Schörner, Field Marshal Ferdinand
Schramm, Percy
Schröder (Balt bandit)
Schröder, Louise
Schröder, Paul
Schubert, Franz
Schubert, Hans
Schubert (Schöninger’s assistant)
Schuh, Karl
Schulberg, Stuart
Schulenburg, Charlotte von der
Schulenburg, Fritz-Dietlof von der
Schulenburg, Jonny von der
Schulenburg, Mathias von der
Schulenburg, Tisa von der
Schumacher, Kurt
Schuman, Robert; Pour l’Europe
Schumy, Vinzenz
Schuschnigg, Kurt von
Schuster, Claud
Schuze-Boysen, Harro
Schwarz, Joachim
Schwarzkopf, Elisabeth
Schweder, Bernhard
Schwerin von Krosigk, Graf Lutz
scientists: abducted by Russians; abducted by Americans; French remove; abducted by British
Scotland, Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Paterson
Seegebarth, Hauptmann Wilfried
Seghers, Anna
Seibert (of Völkische Beobachter)
Seidel, Anna
Seidl, Pater Joseph
Seitz, Karl
Selvester, Captain
Sely, Major Kaye (born Karl Seltz)
Semionov, Vladimir
Semler, Johannes
Senfft, Baron von
Serebriensky, Colonel
Serov, General I. A.
Severing, Karl
Seyss-Inquart, Arthur
Shabalin, General
SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force)
Short, Dewey
Siebken, Bernhard
Siegel, Dr E.
Sigmaringen
Silesia: Soviet conquest and occupation of; German population; religious repression in; concentration camps; Germans expelled from; turned over to Poles
Silkin, Sam
Simonov, Konstantin
Sinzig
Skrjabina, Elena
Slavs: Nazi disdain for
Slovenia
Smersh (Soviet Military Intelligence): and fall of Berlin; and protection of Berlin flak-tower treasures
smuggling: between zones
Smuts, Field Marshal Jan
soap
Sobelev, A. A.
Sobottka, Gustav
Socialist Party (SPD)
Socialist Unity Party (SED): formed; Grotewohl leads; and Berlin elections (1946); as ‘Russian party’; and future structure of Germany; attends People’s Congress, East Berlin 1948, 516; propaganda campaign against Westerners in Berlin; committed to Eastern orientation; violates Berlin town council; leaders summoned to Moscow
Sokolova, Natalia
Sokolovsky, Colonel-General V. D.: Clay likes; as assistant to Zhukov; attends Kommandatura; walks out of Control Council; and Berlin blockade and airlift; and Berlin mob riot; replaced by Chuikov
Solf, Hanna and Wilhelm
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander
Sombart, Nicolas
Sombart, Werner
Soswinski, Ludwig
Soucek Case (Austria, 194
6) South Tyrol: status
Soviet Russia: ideology; allocated share of German territory and resources; European claims; advance against Germany; Western Allies refrain from attacking; post-war settlement of Austria; alliance with Britain; favours independent Austria; occupation of Vienna; recognises Renner’s regime in Austria; dismantles and confiscates German and Austrian industrial plant; Churchill’s post-war anxieties over; in Mecklenburg; administration amd dominance in Berlin; food supplies in Berlin; resists Western Allies’ presence in Berlin; conflict with Americans in Berlin; requisitions Berlin houses; Berliners’ dislike of; rumoured dispute with Western Allies; administrative structure in Germany; promotes arts in Berlin; Germans abducted to develop industry in; seizes German scientists; develops atomic bomb; claims on Ruhr; nationals repatriated from west; hostility to de Gaulle; occupation of Austria; plunders Austria; aims in Austria; opposes foreign aid to Austria; Austrian zone; atrocities in Styria; and return of Russian POWs; attempts to reclaim citizens in Austria; believes in German collective guilt; smuggling from; refugees in Germany; art plunder; destroys treaures in Berlin; looting; treatment of German POWs; and Nuremberg trials; antisemitism; suspicion of Western antagonism; at Potsdam Conference; treaty with France (1945); perceived as threat by West; differences with French; and Berlin election (May 1946); and spread of communism; US hostility to; Western suspicion of; and dissolution of wartime Allied coalition; proposes pan-German committees; and Austrian war guilt; kidnappings in Austria and Berlin; blockade in Berlin; obstructs creation of Western Germany; quits Conference of Foreign Ministers; cuts off Berlin milk supply; introduces new currency; violent tactics in Berlin; offers all-German government; abuses Anglo-Americans; maintains POW camps after creation of GDR; as post-war enemy; effects of war and settlement on; see also Red Army; Soviet zone
Soviet zone (Germany): created; administration and appointments; land reform in; money reintroduced; smuggling and corruption in; pillaging; elections (October 1946); illicit crossing of border from West; police force purged and reconstituted; rail travel in; concentration camps (Spetzlager); culture in; releases minor Nazis
Spaatz, General Carl
Spann, Rafael
Speer, Albert: in Dönitz government; resigns; searched; transferred to Spandau; and Berlin Chancellery; on drunken British guard; capture, trial and interrogation; and Nuremberg executions; use of slave labour; in severe winter 1946-7, on Berlin airlift; in detention; Spandau: The Secret Diaries
Speer, Margarete
Spiegel, Der (magazine)
Spiel, Hilde
Sprang (prisoner in Russia)
Spranger, Eduard
Springer, Axel
Stack, Brigadier Robert
Stahlberg, Werner
Stahmer, Otto
Stalin, Josef V.: military successes; on Poland and Baltic states; territorial claims in Europe; relations with Western Allies; Roosevelt makes concessions to; policy on Austria; condones rape by Red Army; on treatment of Austria; reinstates Renner as chancellor in Austria; opposes Dönitz government; and domination of Berlin; rumoured anti-British speech; and administration of Russian zone; and Red Army behaviour in Austria; agrees to feed Viennese population; forms buffer zone to satellite states; and Hitler’s suicide; and plundered art in Germany; conduct of war; at Potsdam Conference; discusses UN Charter; and French; and Polish settlement; Western Allies mistrust; demands part of German fleet at Potsdam; on Attlee; on custody of war criminals; avoids further war; Byrnes and; and beginnings of Cold War; and CFM in London 1947, 509; breach with Tito; favours German unity; and founding of GDR; obstructs creation of West Germany; and Berlin blockade; offers to lift Berlin blockade for free circulation of currencies; offers armed and unified Germany to Adenauer; achieves Soviet security
After the Reich Page 84
