by Gilbert King
337 “I realized there wasn’t”: “Justice Thurgood Marshall,” Ken Gormley, ABA Journal, June 1992.
339 “separate educational facilities”: Brown v Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
339 “Thurgood was very discreet”: Williams, Thurgood Marshall, p. 231.
340 “You know, he favors”: “Look At Your Own Child,” Time, December 13, 1954. Also FHW Papers, Chesley; Berry, Almost White, p. 179.
340 “Black Angus cattle”: Daytona Beach Morning Journal, March 14, 1963.
340 “The sheriff is the law here”: St. Petersburg Times, October 16, 1955.
340 “If the children never”: Berry, Almost White, p. 179.
340 “people of mixed”: McCall, Willis V. McCall, Sheriff of Lake County, p. 70.
341 “right to an education”: Bill Maxwell, “Jim Crow Conflict Clouded the Point,” St. Petersburg Times, February 14, 2001.
341 “that if they weren’t out by that night”: FHW Papers, Chesley.
341 “a man who knows how”: St. Petersburg Times, November 7, 1954.
341 “I for one, am going to do all I can”: Green, Before His Time, p. 196.
341 Johns responded by telling reporters: Ocala Star Banner, October 13, 1954.
341 “hog and hominy” segregationist: New York Times, May 27, 1956.
342 “till the last tick”: Palm Beach Post, November 4, 1954.
342 “How did you find me?”: Williams, Thurgood Marshall, p. 148.
343 “He had become cadaverous”: Greenberg, Crusaders in the Courts, p. 202.
343 “morose and unhappy”: COHP, Greenberg.
343 “three sturdy legs”: Time, December 19, 1955.
344 “ward-heeling, back scratching”: St. Petersburg Times, January 5, 1955.
344 “were never convinced”: St. Petersburg Times, February 21, 1954.
344 “get rid of this case”: Corsair, The Groveland Four, p. 348.
344 In November 1951, only: Byrd to Marshall, LDF, November 29, 1951.
344 “caused him to plot this killing”: Ibid.
344–45 “trying to drag Hunter into this killing”: Marshall to Byrd, LDF, November 30, 1951.
345 “house might catch fire”: St. Petersburg Times, October 19, 1955.
345 “out of control”: FHW Papers, Chesley.
345 “Much as I hate it”: St. Petersburg Times, October 19, 1955.
345 “The Lord be praised”: Ibid.
345 “I have no comment”: Ibid.
345 “night-riding terrorists”: St. Petersburg Times, November 13, 1955.
345 “didn’t want to go to school”: Evening Independent, December 14, 1962.
346 “I’ve got more justice”: St. Petersburg Times, November 13, 1955.
346 The former prosecutor also: St. Petersburg Times, November 14, 1955.
346 “In my book, they’re”: Berry, Almost White, p. 182.
346 “due chiefly to the influence”: FHW Papers, Chesley.
346 countless “Florida selling” trips: Time, December 19, 1955.
346 “Is there Negro Blood”: Ebony, November 1975.
347 There are enough staid people: Gilbert Geis, “A Quarter of a Century for ‘Social Justice,’ ” Social Justice, Vol. 26, No. 2 (76), Summer, 1999.
347 “desperate situation”: Committee of 100 reports, NAACP.
348 “could have nailed this case down”: Florida State Archives, LeRoy Collins Papers.
348 “in its best light”: Ibid.
348 “substantial evidence”: Campbell to Phillips, September 13, 1949, 144-18-117, FBI.
348 “Since I am your personal friend”: Florida State Archives, Collins.
349 “In recognizing the humanity”: Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972).
349 “Florida’s gutter of shame”: Ocala Star Banner, September 2, 1987.
349 “I realized we had to change”: New York Times, March 13, 1991.
349 “offer to the people of the world”: LeRoy Collins, inaugural speech from his den, Florida State Archives, http://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/232461.
349 “Confess to the rape”: St. Petersburg Times, December 16, 1955.
350 “a demonstration of senility”: Corsair, The Groveland Four, p. 352.
351 It had come to Collins: St. Petersburg Times, February 6, 1956.
Epilogue
353 “The State,” Governor LeRoy Collins said: St. Petersburg Times, December 16, 1952.
354 “the victim of a gross miscarriage”: Ibid.
354 “it took far more political courage”: Miami News, February 25, 1956.
354 “I want you to know”: Corsair, The Groveland Four, p. 361.
354 “Communist pressure tactics”: St. Petersburg Times, March 30, 1956.
354 “the innocent victim”: Ibid.
355 “smearing of the good people”: Sarasota Herald Tribune, May 5, 1956.
355 “obtaining and circulating a petition”: St. Petersburg Times, May 5, 1956.
355 “when feelings ran high”: St. Petersburg Times, September 24, 1955.
355 “You’re the one who”: Miami News, February 23, 1956.
356 In March 1960 Deputy James Yates: Ocala Star-Banner, December 21, 1962.
357 “I never hurt anyone”: Flores, Justice Gone Wrong, p. 187.
357 The FBI ultimately laid responsibility: Moore Report, p. 331.
357 “for the ‘Tranquility of the South’ ”: Ibid., p. 123.
358 a “model life”: Daytona Beach Morning Journal, November 18, 1957.
358 “I would put Frank there”: Marshall to Johnson, LBJ tapes.
358 “This man is a”: FOHP, Williams.
359 Mabel Norris Chesley was suspicious: FHW Papers, Chesley.
359 Ku Klux Klan leader: Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969).
360 “There is very little truth”: Marshall’s speech, 1966 White House conference on civil rights, Thurgood Marshall: Justice for All, A&E Biography, 2005.
360 Governor LeRoy Collins had done: Collins later became known as “Liberal LeRoy” after he arrived in Selma, Alabama (dispatched by President Johnson), on March 9, 1965, and successfully negotiated a compromise with police so that Martin Luther King Jr., and the 2,500 marchers could cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge without the police brutality and bloodshed that had marred the first attempt at a Selma-to-Montgomery march two days earlier.
360 “did the most immediate good”: Tushnet, Thurgood Marshall, p. 455.
360 “the sonofabitch”: Williams interview with Marshall.
361 My dear Mr. Justice: Marshall Papers, LOC.
