on Putin, 172
Schweizer, Peter, 50–51
Sechin, Igor, 191, 192, 193, 195, 200, 228
SEGP (Turkey-Western Europe pipeline), 155–56, 230
Semenov, A. G., 18
Seven Sisters, 44–46, 136
Severstal, 203, 224n55
shabashniki (private work crews), 67
Shafranik, Yury, 114
Shah Deniz field, 154
Shell
arrangements with, 31
during Bolshevik Revolution, 25, 26
competition with, 97
General Motors and, 202
Rothschild brothers and, 23
in Sakhalin, 128–32, 135, 163, 174, 185
Shiobara, T., 197
Shleifer, Andrei, 56
shock therapy, 107, 226
Shtokman field, 83, 130–31
Shuvalov, Igor, 49, 163, 193, 228
Shvartsman, Oleg, 228
Sibneft, 230
Abramovich and, 104, 112, 123–24, 225, 230
Berezovsky and, 65, 68, 103, 104, 112, 123, 174, 228, 230
Gazprom and, 123, 184, 186, 230
renationalization of, 15, 104, 123–24, 134
Smolensky, Berezovsky and, 65, 68, 228
Sibneftegaz, 142
Sidanko, 65, 68, 69–70, 86
siloviki, 113. See also specific individuals
in business, 192, 193t, 194
children of, 196t, 197
renationalization and control by, 134t
Stabilization Fund, Storchak and, 200–201, 228
Slavneft, 124
Smolensky, Alexander, 65, 67–68, 228
Sobchak, Anatoly, 97, 139, 192, 228
Sochi Winter Olympics, 182
social problems, 198–202
Societa Minerere Italo Belge di Georgia, 26
SODECO, 72
Soiuznefteeexport (Soviet Foreign Trade Organization), 45–46, 68
Solomon Brothers, 84
Soublin, Michel, 111
Southeast Asia
recession in, 75, 77
recovery in, 96
South European Gas Pipeline. See SEGP
South Korea, 12, 162, 163
South Stream (natural gas pipeline), 10, 156, 230
sovereign investment funds, 204–5
Soviet Union. See USSR
Spain, 28
Stabilization Fund
monies in, 187
Storchak, siloviki and, 200–201, 228
Stalin, Joseph, 23, 30
Standard Oil
arrangements with, 28, 31
breakup of, 44
of California (today’s Chevron), 44
concessions and, 25–26
of New Jersey, 25, 44
of New York, 26, 28
Nobel brothers and, 25
Rockefeller and, 19–20, 228
The State Within a State (Albats), 195
steel, 40–41, 203, 224n55
Stepashin, Sergei, 94, 228
Stern, Jonathan, 183
Stillwater Mining, 69, 204, 224n55
stocks, 73–77, 81, 94. See also Loans for Shares
Stolichney (Capital) Bank, 67–68
Storchak, Sergei, 200–201, 203, 228
St. Petersburg Fuel Company, 200
“Strategic Planning and Policy” (King/Cleland), 99
“The Strategic Planning of the Reproduction of the Resource Bases” (Putin), 97–99
Strauss-Kahn, Dominique, 208
strikes, 23
SUAL (aluminum company), 225, 229, 230
Suez Canal, 82, 157
supply and demand, 88–90, 164–65, 180, 182–83, 187–88
Supreme Council of the National Economy (VSNKH), 27
Surgutneftegaz, 61, 65, 124–25, 174, 197, 225
Sutton, Anthony, 27, 29, 213n51
Svartsman, Oleg S., 195
SVR (Foreign Intelligence Service), 195
Sweden, 28, 159–60
Switzerland, 12, 168
Taiwan, 12
tankers, for LNG, 47–48, 82, 138
tariffs
barriers, manufacturing and, 202
on imports of American kerosene, 19
Tatar ASSR (Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic), 34
taxes. See also specific companies
flat income, 79, 96, 151
privatization and, 56–57, 61, 64, 84–85
PSAs and, 174
Tbilisi, Georgia, 20, 149, 154, 161
terrorism, 82, 94
Terzian, Pierre, 184
Texas Company (Texaco, Chevron), 44
Thailand, 75
Thatcher, Margaret, 48, 138, 209
Theede, Steven, 110, 117, 229
Timan Pechora fields, 84
timber exports, 29
Timchenko, Gennady, 229
TNK. See Tyumen Oil
TNK-BP (BP/Tyumen Oil joint venture), 230
Dudley and, 91, 226
formation of, 64, 70–71, 86–87
Gazprom, Kovykta and, 131–32, 162, 185, 229
Putin and, 70, 126–27
Renova and, 230
Yukos and, 122
Togliatti, 202
Togobank, 93
Tolf, Robert, 25
Tomskneft, 121
Tosovsky, Josef, 208
Total (French company)
Kharyaga oil field and, 71, 132–33, 135, 229
Shtokman and, 130–31
trade surplus, 80, 91, 92t
Trans-Balkan Oil Pipeline, 161
Trans-Caucasian petroleum pipeline, 161
transfer pricing, 107–8, 217n15
Transneft, 111, 134, 186
transparency
lack of, 125
reform and, 110–11
Trinidad-Tabago facility, 131–32, 179
trusts, operating, 27–28
Turkey, 168
control of Black Sea, 17, 20
occupation of Baku, 24–25, 27
pipelines and, 149, 153–56, 160–61, 229, 230
reliance on Russian gas, 166
Turkmenistan
Gazprom, Ukraine and, 146–48, 226
pipelines and, 7, 146, 153–54, 160, 186
PSAs and, 148
Tusk, Donald, 159
TV networks, 171–72
NTV, 102–3
ORT, 65, 103, 123, 225
reclaiming, 102
Tyumen Oil (TNK), 230. See also TNK-BP
Access Industries and, 66, 225
Blavatnik and, 66–67, 230
Fridman and, 64, 66–67, 226, 230
Norex and, 230
playing hardball, 69–71
Roketsky and, 70, 228
Vekselberg and, 86, 229, 230
Ukraine
gas to, 15, 49, 144–48, 150–53, 156, 158–59, 168, 183, 186, 226, 228
Gazprom, Turkmenistan and, 146–48, 226
market price and, 144–45
Odessa-Brody pipeline, 162
Ukrgaz-Energo, 145–46
UNESCO, 198
United Arab Emirates
foreign investment in, 150
gas reserves in, 139
United Kingdom. See also Great Britain
gas from, 166
Gazprom and, 168–69
United States (U.S.)
Canadian gas to, 7, 139, 179
gas produced/consumed in, 179
grant to/raid of ITERA, 177, 222n9
Iraq and, 52, 71, 199, 207, 208–9
kerosene from, 19
LNG to, 4, 7, 132, 179, 206
petroleum consumption in, 78
Russian GDP v., 56
Russian imports to, 3–4, 7
Russian investments in, 87–88, 169, 206
Russian petroleum production v., 4t-6t, 11, 20–22, 29, 32, 35t-37t, 46
Vietnam and, 52, 199
Yukos as supplier to, 111
Unitex, 120
Universal Oil Products, 27
Urengoi, 48, 6
1
U.S. See United States
U.S. Export-Import Bank, 70
USSR
disintegration/collapse of, in 1991, 8, 13, 15, 49–54, 55–57, 83, 174
invasion of Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia and, 50–54
U.S. petroleum production v., 11, 35t-37t
Uzbekistan, 7–8, 154, 186
Valdai Hills Discussion Group, 133, 187–88, 195–96, 198–99, 201–2
van der Veer, Jeroen, 130
Varyeganneftegaz field, 84
Vavilov, Alexander, 114, 229
VEBA, 167
Vekselberg, Viktor, 86, 229, 230
Venezuela, 13, 46, 90, 152
VIAG, 167
Vietnam, 52, 199
Vneshekonombank, 68
Vneshtorgbank, 203
Volga-Ural region, 34, 38–39, 40
Volga-Urals (oil field), 230
vouchers, privatization and, 58, 60, 106, 107
VSMPO-AVISMA, 124, 134
VSNKH. See Supreme Council of the National Economy
Vyakhirev, Rem, 229
Gazprom and, 48–49, 60–61, 100–101, 104–5, 140–41, 146, 226, 229
purge and, 100–101
Warnig, Matthias, 158–59, 229
water injection, of wells, 34, 39, 43, 50, 53
Weldon, Kurt, 177–78, 222n9, 229
wells. See also drilling technology; specific wells
depth of, 22, 40
destroyed during 1905 Revolution, 23
Semenov’s drilling of, 18
water injection of, 34, 39, 43, 50, 53
Western Europe, gas supply to, 2, 15, 48–49, 82, 92, 151–52, 153t, 154–60, 166t, 167–69. See also specific countries
Westerwelle, Guido, 157
West Siberia, 38–39
White Nights, 84
Wilson, Charles E., 3
Wingas (natural gas joint venture), 167, 230
Wintershall (natural gas distribution), 157, 167, 230
World Bank, 132, 184, 208
World Trade Organization, 202, 207
World War II
to 1987, 33–54
damage from, 27
mustard gas containers and, 159
petroleum production after, 31
xenophobia, 71, 87, 113
Yabloko Party, 113, 172, 229
Yavlinsky, Gregorii, 172, 229
Yeltsin, Boris
Berezovsky and, 103
Chechnia and, 55–56, 102, 172
contract kickbacks and daughters of, 94
election campaign, 65, 68, 101, 103
Gazprom and, 60
prime ministers under, 94, 96, 101
three envelopes, Putin and, 194
Yergin, Daniel, 135
Yom Kipper War, 32, 137
Yuganskneftegaz
Gazprom buying gas from, 184
Rosneft seizure from Yukos, 176, 190–91
Yuganstneftegas
Nefteyugansk as main producing site for, 230
visit to, 79
Yuganstneftegaz, 107–8, 120, 134
Yugoslavia, 49
Yugraneft, 69
Yukos, 230
Alfa Bank and, 107
asset stripping and, 107, 111, 112
attack on, 105–20
Bakhmina and, 116, 117, 225
Chevron and, 86, 111–12
Exxon-Mobil and, 86, 112–13, 115, 123
Gazprom and, 120–21
jailed/exiled executives, 116, 117t-119t
Khodorkovsky and, 64, 65, 72, 76, 79, 86, 100, 105–20, 123, 135, 227, 230
Menatep Bank and, 106–9, 227
Misamore and, 110, 118, 227
name as merger, 106
Nefteyugansk as main producing site for, 230
Petukhov and, 108–9, 228
plundering of, 120–23
renationalization of, 15, 105, 123, 174
Rosneft and, 79, 106, 120–23, 124, 127, 176, 190–91, 217n15, 225, 230
seizure by state, 227, 228
as spin off, 61
Theede and, 110, 117, 229
transfer pricing and, 107–8, 217n15
Yushchenko, Viktor, 144, 152, 229
Yuzhno-Russkoye gas field, 167
Zoroaster (oil tanker), 19
Zubkov, Viktor, 192, 199
Zyuganov, Gennady, 68, 229
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