by Larry Tagg
169 “the speedy adjustment”: Hendrick, p. 154.
170 “a talk with Seward”: Klein, p. 323.
170 “I am able to state”: Nevins, 1861-1862, p. 43.
170 “Anderson and his gallant band”: Donald, Lincoln, p. 287.
171 “approved by the entire body”: ibid.
171 “growing sentiment”: ibid.
171 “acted like a charm”: ibid., p. 275.
171 “a burning sentiment”: Perkins, p. II:652-3.
171 “stepping directly into the footsteps”: ibid., p. II: 665-6.
171 “Washington was full of indignant Northern men”: Villard, Memoirs, p. 156.
171 “Is it possible Lincoln is getting scared?”: Donald, Lincoln, p. 288.
171 “The President is drifting”: Paludan, p. 61.
171 “The bird of our country”: Entry of March 11, 1861, Strong, p. III: 109.
171 “submission to a band of traitors”: Klein, p. 355.
171 “a blacker and more infamous name”: ibid.
171 “the new administration is done forever”: ibid.
172 “The South will proclaim [Lincoln] a Damned fool”: Potter, The Impending Crisis, p. 359-60.
172 “Dear Sir I voted for you”: Holzer, Dear Mr. Lincoln, p. 144.
172 “Thirty days more of ‘Peace Policy’ at Washington”: ibid., p. 145.
172 “the true way”: Nevins, 1861-1862, p. 54.
173 “shut up every Southern port”: March 22 and 23, 1861, New York Times, from Crofts, p. 284.
173 “A state of war”: March 30, 1861, New York Times, ibid.
173 “if we are to fight, so be it”: April 3, 1861, New York Tribune, from Gray, p. 49
173 “the disgraceful policy”: April 8, 1861, New York Evening Post, from Kenneth Stampp, The Imperiled Union: Essays on the Background of the Civil War (NY: Oxford University Press, 1981), p. 298
173 “Wanted—A Policy”: Perkins, p. II: 660.
173 “There is a general discontent”: Letter of April 5, 1861, from Carl Schurz, Abraham Lincoln, The Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress, http://memory.Loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/alser1_dates.html
Page 174 “because the evacuation of Sumter”: Frederic Bancroft, The Life of William H. Seward (NY: Harper & Bros., 1900), p. II: 114.
174 Campbell-Seward conversation: Nevins, 1861-1862, p. 50.
174 “In all political or administrative movements”: McClure, p. 136.
174 “My policy is to have no policy”: Sandburg, The War Years, p. I: 211.
175 “I am satisfied of the policy”: Klein, p. 345.
175 “Unquestionably separate nationality” and “They expect a golden era”: ibid., p. 192.
175 “an unanimity,” “no attachment,” and “irrevocably gone”: Nevins, 1861-1862, p. 53-4.
175 “the evacuation of both forts”: Hendrick, p. 170.
176 “Some Thoughts for the President’s Consideration”: Bancroft, p. 132.
176 “Whatever policy we adopt”: Hendrick, p. 176.
177 “If this must be done”: Bancroft, p. 138.
177 “I am afraid you have come too late”: Nevins, 1861-1862, p. 64.
177 Campbell-Seward conversation: ibid., p. 59.
177 “the President is light”: Klein, p. 370.
177 “Faith as to Sumter fully kept”: Nevins, 1861-1862, p. 59.
178 “a large military expedition”: Crofts, p. 310.
178 “the Lincoln administration”: Fermer, p. 183.
178 “vicious, imbecile, demoralized Administration”: Brayton Harris, p. 43.
178 “our only hope”: April 10, 1861, New York Herald, from Sandburg, The War Years, p. I: 352.
178 “The feeling of loyalty”: Frank A. Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton (Akron: The Saalfield Publishing Co, 1905), p. 106.
179 “more incumbent than ever”: Crofts, p. 312.
179 “It would be treason”: Nevins, 1861-1862, p. 48.
179 “[Blair’s] earnestness”: Welles, p. I: 13-14.
179 “far less evil and bloodshed”: Potter, Lincoln and His Party, p. 316.
179 “if you undertake to destroy the Union”: Lincoln, p. III: 502 For insight into Lincoln’s view of history with regard to wars, I am indebted to Gabor Boritt’s essay, “Abraham Lincoln and the Question of Individual Responsibility”, from Boritt, Why the Civil War Came, p. 11.
180 “I, Abraham Lincoln”: Lincoln, Works, p. IV: 331-2.
180 “Lincoln prostrated us”: Crofts, p. 336.
180 “The fight at Charleston”: ibid.
180 “the conflict at Charleston”: ibid.
180 “Union feeling was strong”: ibid.
180 “in many respects the most unfortunate state paper”: ibid., p. 335.
180 “the President’s extraordinary proclamation”: ibid., p. 334.
180 “If Mr. Lincoln had only insisted”: ibi’d., p. 335.
181 “We are struck”: ibid., p. 337.
181 “drive us all into rebellion”: ibid., p. 338.
181 “I think no candid man”: Michael Davis, p. 55.
181 “allowed it to go forth”: Crofts, p. 338.
181 “This, to our apprehension, is rank usurpation”: ibid.
181 “It is against the friends of the Union”: ibid.
181 “Union men feel”: ibid., p. 338-9.
“the disgusting baseness”: April 18, 1861, New Orleans Daily Delta, from Michael Davis, p. 55.
182 “If Mr. Lincoln contemplated this policy”: Louisville Journal, reprinted in April 17, 1861, Cincinnati Enquirer, from Harper, p. 211.
182 “deceived by false assurances”: Crofts, p. 310.
Page 182 “cheated, imposed upon, and deceived”: ibid.
182 “the god of battles”: ibid., p. 339.
182 “knocked away the props”: ibid.
182 “I was opposed to secession”: Michael Davis, p. 61.
182 Border State governors’ replies: Angle and Miers, p. 65-6.
183 “ I told you last spring”: Edward L. Ayers, In the Presence of Mine Enemies: The Civil War in the Heart of America (NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 2003), p. 228.
184 “It appears, we confess, to complete the character”: Sandburg, The War Years, p. I: 212.
Chapter 16: The Capital Surrounded
185 “Fort Sumter is temporarily lost”: Brayton Harris, p. 47.
185 “On every corner”: April 15, 1861, New York Times
185 “Secession, disunion, and even fault finding ”: Letter of April 16, 1861, W.H. Hanna of Bloomington, Illinois, to Ward Lamon, from Lamon, Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, p. 320.
185 “The business community”: Sandburg, The War Years, p. I: 217.
186 “local commotion”: Garrison, p. 86-7.
186 “Illinois can whip the South”: Donald, Lincoln, p. 295.
186 “Jeff. Davis & Co. will be swinging”: ibid.
186 “if ABRAHAM LINCOLN is equal”: May 4, 1861, Harper’s Weekly
186 “Broadway crowded”: Entry of April 20, 1861, Strong, p. III: 127-128.
187 “There is one wild shout”: April 23, 1861, Richmond Examiner, from Sandburg, The War Years, p. I: 230.
187 “in readiness to dislodge”: April 23, 1861, Richmond Whig, from Harper, p. 92.
188 “the removal of Lincoln”: Sandburg, The War Years, p. I: 250.
188 “Lincoln is in a trap”: Letter of April 20, 1861, H.D. Bird to Leroy P. Walker, from The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1880), p. I: 2: 771-2.
188 “The impression here”: Letter of April 12, 1861, from Anonymous, p. 118.
188 “starved, washed-out creatures”: Russell, p. 61.
189 “no description”: Letter of May 11, 1861, from Anonymous, p. 119.
189 “reliable information”: April 20, 1861, Richmond Whig, from Frank Moore, ed., The Rebellion Record, Vol. I, 1860-1861 (NY: G.P. Putnam, 1861), p
. 54.
190 “A gentleman arrived here”: ibid.
190 “Old Abe sleeps with a hundred men”: ibid., p. 55.
190 “He has not passed a night”: May 4, 1861, Petersburg Express, from Davis, p. 65-6.
190 Iron cage story and “Jeff Davis is after me!”: ibid.
190 “[The panic in Washington] was increased”: Letter of May 11, 1861, from Anonymous, p. 119.
190 “The town is full”: Entry of April 20, 1861, John Hay, Lincoln and the Civil War in the Diaries and Letters of John Hay, ed. Tyler Dennett (NY: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1939), p. 5.
191 Rumor of forty thousand Virginia volunteers: Frederick W. Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, 1830-1915 (NY: G.P. Putnam, 1916), p. 157.
191 Other rumors: Leech, p. 63, and Dean Sprague, Freedom Under Lincoln (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965), p. 114-115.
191 “‘Mr. Brown, I am not a learned man!’”: Geoffrey Perrett, Lincoln’s War (NY: Random House, 2004), p. 37.
191 “Jumped up”: Letter of May 12, 1861, William Faxon to Mark Howard, John Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay, ed. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettinger (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), notes to pages 6-7, footnote 25.
Page 191 “They think and in fact find it perfectly safe”: Entry of April 23, 1861, Bates, p. 185-6.
192 “merely the general notion of drifting”: Sandburg, The War Years, p. I: 231.
192 “the disunionists have anticipated us”: John G. Nicolay and John Hay, “The Border States,” from The Century, Volume 36, Issue 1, May 1888, p. 58-9.
192 “If good Uncle Abe”: April 22, 1961, New York Tribune, from Harper, p. 103.
192 “An indescribable gloom”: Nicolay and Hay, “The Border States,” p. 155.
192 “Business was at a standstill”: Seward, p. 157.
193 “impatience, gloom, and depression” and “No one felt it more than the President”: Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, notes to pages 7-11, footnote 37.
193 “miserable traitorous head”: Letter of April 20, 1861, Edmund J. McGarn and William Fairchild to Lincoln, from Oates, p. 89.
193 “To Abe Lincon Esqr”: Letter of April 11, 1861, from Unknown, Lincoln, Papers. 193 “It does seem to me”: McClure, p. 68-9.
193 “a feeling came over him”: Schurz, Reminiscences, p. 227-8
194 “a day of gloom and doubt,” and “I don’t believe there is any North”: Entry of April 24, 1861, Hay, Lincoln and the Civil War, p. 11.
194 “From the known assemblage”: Official Records, p. I: 2: 602.
194 “The Seventh marched up Pennsylvania Avenue”: Nicolay and Hay, A History, p. IV: 149-153, 155-157.
195 Three “villainous articles”: April 25, 1861, New York Times, from Lincoln, Papers.
196 “For God’s sake”: Letter of April 26, 1861, J.H. Jordan of Cincinnati to Salmon P. Chase, from Wood Gray, The Hidden Civil War: The Story of the Copperheads (NY: Viking Press, 1942), p. 75.
196 “Neither pighead Lincoln”: Leroy H. Fischer, Lincoln’s Gadfly: Adam Gurowski (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969), p. 98.
196 “the undecided conduct”: Entry for April 1861, Gurowski, Diary, 1861-1862, p. 32.
196 “become a vast consolidated despotism”: Sandburg, The War Years, p. I: 365.
197 “From Mr. Lincoln nothing is to be hoped”: Letter of April 23, 1861, R.F. Fuller to Salmon Chase, from Rhodes, p. 368.
Chapter 17: The Hundred Days to Bull Run
198 “The Maryland Disunionists”: Entry of May 4, 1861, Hay, Lincoln and the Civil War, p. 18.
198 “History tells us”: Sandburg, The War Years, p. I: 183.
199 “the powers of a dictator” sketched: ibid., p. I: 231-2.
199 “put in force the war power”: Entry of March 30, 1864, Welles, p. I: 549.
199 “One of the interesting features”: Letter from Schleiden to Sumner, from James Rawley, The Politics of Union: Northern Politics during the Civil War (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1974), p. 27.
200 “judicial power also”: Sprague, p. 42.
200 “more regal and absolute power”: J.G. Randall, Lincoln the President: Midstream (NY: Dodd, Mead, & Co., 1953), p. 164.
200 “is an instrument whose powers”: June 22, 1861, Cincinnati Daily Enquirer, from Gray, p. 64.
200 “Is he not a President”: June 27, 1861, The Crisis.
Page 201 “the vicinity of any military line”: Lincoln, Works, p. IV: 419.
201 “I am not disposed to say”: Sprague, p. 119.
202 Lincoln swears off military concerns: Entry of April 21, 1861, Hay, Lincoln and the Civil War, p. 6.
202 “That’s so”: Klein, p. 361.
202 “All these failures”: Entry of April 22, 1861, Hay, Lincoln and the Civil War, p. 7
202 “no one seemed to know”: Michael C. C. Adams, Fighting for Defeat: Union Failure in the East, 1861-1865 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1982), p. 66.
203 “[T]he Government is weak”: Wayne Mahood, General Wadsworth: The Life and Times of Brevet Major General James Wadsworth (Da Capo Press, 2003), p. 61.
“the first service”: Lincoln, Works, p. IV:332.
203 “provide for the entire safety”: Entry of April 25, 1861, Hay, Lincoln and the Civil War, p. 11.
203 “envelop the insurgent states”: Official Records, p. I: 51: I: 369-370.
204 “hot for war”: Letter of May, 1861, Sen. Morrill to Sen. Fessenden, from T. Harry Williams, Lincoln and the Radicals (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965), p. 24.
204 “Instead of boldly crushing”: Entry of April 1861, Gurowski, Diary, 1861-1862, p. 33.
204 “not only unequal”: Sandburg, The War Years, p. I: 288.
204 “a certain lack of sovereignty”: ibid.
205 “the painful imbecility”: Benjamin P. Thomas and Harold M. Hyman, Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincoln’s Secretary of War (NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962), p. 124.
205 “disperse and retire peaceably”: Lincoln, Works, p. IV: 332.
205 “public sentiment”: McClure, p. 70.
205 “Already the murmurs”: Nevins, 1861-1862, p. 210-211.
205 “Something Wrong”: June 15, 1861 and June 27, 1861, New York Herald.
205 “energy, vigor”: Trietsch, p. 181.
205 “Our soldiers have been requested”: June 21, 1861, New York Tribune, from Perret, p. 52.
206 “THE NATION’S WAR CRY”: June 24, 1861, New York Tribune, from Harper, p. 103.
206 “By no government”: June 30, 1861, New York Times, from Gienapp, p. 86.
206 “The whole administration”: July 6 and 7, 1861, New York Evening Post, from Harper, p. 101
206 “the arrogant tone”: Russell, p. 224.
206 “Strategy—strategy repeats now every imbecile”: Entry for June 1861, Gurowski, Diary, 1861-1862, p. 56.
207 “The country could not understand”: William Swinton, The Army of the Potomac (NY: Smithmark, 1995), p. 41.
207 “That is splendid”: Russell, p. 265-266.
208 “Of these men”: July 25, 1861, from Fehrenbacher, Don, “The Anti-Lincoln Tradition,” Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association (Vol. 4, 1982), p. 9.
208 “The imbecility of the Administration”: Letter of July 26, 1861, from Edwin Stanton, George B. McClellan, McClellan’s Own Story (NY: Charles L. Webster, 1887), p. 67n.
208 “I do not wonder that people desert”: Entry of August 1861, Gurowski, Diary, 1861-1862, p. 90.
208 “not equal to the occasion”: Letter of August 31, 1861, Trumbull to Judge Doolittle of Wisconsin, from Randall, Springfield to Gettysburg, p. I: 389.
208 “everything to his Cabinet”: July 25, 1861, New York Herald, ibid., p. I: 390.
208 “cease to be the politician”: August 17, 1861, New York Herald, ibid.
Page 208 “I am the greatest coward” and “Your conversation”: Thomas, p. 273.
210 “If this is to be a war”: July 23, 1861, Chicago Tribune, from Gienapp, p. 86-7.
210 “There is no longer observable”: Sprague, p. 129-130
210 “our defeat was the worst event”: Letter of April 3, 1861, to Wendell Phillips, Charles Sumner, The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, ed. Beverly Wilson Palmer (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1990), p. II: 74.
Chapter 18: The Rise of the Radical Republicans
211 “Though I approve the war”: Horatio Bridge, Personal Recollections of Nathaniel Hawthorne (NY: Harper & Brothers, 1893), p. 169.
212 “denounced the President”: Letter of January 28, 1862, Giddings to George Julian, from J.G. Randall, Lincoln the Liberal Statesman (London: Eyre and Spottiswode, 1947), p. 70.
213 “Without a little blood-letting”: Hendrick, p. 274.
213 “steeped and steamed in whisky”: Entry for Dec. 5, 1866, from Welles, p. II: 633.
213 “despotic ruler of the House”: Ben Perley Poore, Perley’s Reminiscences of Sixty Years in the National Metropolis (Philadelphia: Hubbard Bros., 1886), p. 101.
213 “the stern demand for justice”: Letter of April 30, 1861, Wade to Elisha Whittlesey, from Hans Trefousse, The Radical Republicans: Lincoln’s Vanguard for Racial Justice (NY: Knopf, 1969), p. 171.
214 “Well that is a fact”: Reprinted in July 8, 1867, New York Herald, from Richard N. Current, Old Thad Stevens (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980), p. 146-7.
214 “[It] embraces more”: Lincoln, Works, p. IV: 426.
215 “Mr. Lincoln writes”: Sandburg, The War Years, p. I: 299.
215 “We lay down the President’s message”: July 20, 1861, The London Herald, Reprinted in August 8, 1861, The Crisis.
215 “partisan tone, and sectional principles”: July 11, 1861, The Crisis.
215 “wicked and most desperate cunning”: Sandburg, The War Years, p. I: 299.
215 “There never was a king”: ibid., p. 300.
216 “obvious faults in style”: July 7, 1861, New York Times, from Goodwin, p. 368.
216 “I can forgive the jokes”: Gienapp, p. 85.
216 “Any one reading”: August 1861, Douglass’ Monthly, from Goodwin, p. 368.
216 “We have an honest President”: ibid.
216 “Lincoln is under the t[h]umb of Seward”: Letter of May 1, 1861, Gurowski to Charles Sumner, from Randall, Springfield to Gettysburg, p. I: 368.
