Durant, W., Our Oriental Heritage. New York, Simon & Schuster, 1935.
Harden, D., The Phoenicians. New York, Fredrick A. Praeger, Inc., 1962.
Hodges, P., How the Pyramids Were Built. Longmead, Element Books, 1989.
James, S., The World of the Celts. London, Thames & Hudson Ltd, 1993.
Mercer, S. A. B., The Pyramid Texts, Volumes I-IV. New York, 1942.
Norman-Taylor, D., The Celts. New York, Time-Life Books, 1974. Payne, R., The Splendor of Persia. New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1957 Sitchin, Z., The Stairway to Heaven. New York, Avon Books, 1982.
Sprague de Camp, L., The Ancient Engineers. New York, Ballantine Books, 1988.
Time-Life, Age of God-Kings, 3000-1500 BC. VA, Time Life Books, 1987.
Time-Life, Barbarian Tides, 1500-600 BC. VA, Time Life Books, 1987. Tompkins, P., Secrets of the Great Pyramid. New York, Harper, 1971.
Tompkins, P., Mysteries of the Mexican Pyramids. New York, Harper, 1976.
Torr, C., Memphis and Mycenae. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1896.
Wright, G. E., Biblical Archeology. PA, The Westminster Press, 1960.
Wright, R., et al., Gems and Minerals of the Bible. New York, Harper, 1970.
Sea Peoples
Ahlstrom, G. W., Who Were the Israelites? Winona Lake, 1986.
Albright, W. F., Syria, the Philistines and Phoenicia. CAH II, 2. Ch. 33, 1973.
Albright, W. F., The Sea Peoples in Palestine. Cambridge, 1975.
Barns, J. W. B., Five Ramesseum Papyri. Oxford, 1956.
Bennett J. et al., The Knossos Tablets. London, 1959.
Boardman, J., The Greeks Overseas. London, Thames and Hudson, 1980.
Bonfante, G., Who were the Philistines? AJA (1946) 50, 251-62.
Borghouts, J. F., Ancient Egyptian Magical Texts. Leiden, Brill, 1978.
Breasted, J. H., A History of Egypt. New York, C. Scribner’s, 1933.
Breasted, J. H., Ancient Records of Egypt. Chicago, Univ. of Illinois Press, 1906.
Briquel, D., Les Pelasges en Italie. Rome, 1984.
Bryce, T. R., The Kingdom of the Hittites. Cambridge, 1999.
Burdajewicz, M., The Aegean Sea Peoples. Oxford, Oxford Univ. Press, 1990.
Cifola, B., Ramses III and the Sea Peoples. Orientalia (1988) 57:275-306.
Cornelius, F, Geistesgeschichte der Fruhzeit, vol. II, 2. Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1967.
Cornell, T. J., The Beginnings of Rome. London-New York, Routledge, 1995.
Desor, E., Lacustrian Constructions of the Lake of Neuchatel, Smithsonian, 1863.
Ehrlich, C. S., The Philistines in Transition. New York, E. J. Brill, 1996.
Fantar, M., Pheniciens et Carthaginois en Sardaigne. RSO (1969) 44: 7-21.
Friedrich, H., Velikovsky, Spanuth und die Seevölker. Berlin, Wörthsee, 1990.
Huxley, A., Achaeans and Hittites. Belfast, Belfast Univ. Press, 1968.
Lemche, N. P., Prelude to Israel’s Past. Peabody Mass, Hendrickson, 1998.
Lewis, N., Greeks in Ptolemaic Egypt. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1986.
Marangozis, J., The Pelasgians. Myths & Reality. Toronto, 2000.
Margolith, O., The Sea Peoples in the Bible. Wiesbaden, 1994.
Margolith, O., Where did the Philistines Come From? ZAW (1995) 107: 101-9.
Martin, K., Stele. Lexikon der Aegyptologie VI: 1-6, 1986.
Nibbi, A., Sea Peoples: A Re-examination of the Egyptian Sources. Oxford, 1972.
Nibbi, A., Wenamun and Alashia Reconsidered. Oxford, 1985.
Oren E. D., Sea Peoples and Their World. Philadelphia, 2000.
Prado, J. J., Invasion de la Méditerranée par les peuples de l’Océan. Paris, 1992.
Pugliese Carratelli, G. (ed.), I Greci in Occidente. Milan, 1995.
Santoro, N., Popoli del Mare. Santoro N, Bologna, 1980.
Velikovsky, I., Peoples of the Sea. Garden City, New York, 1977.
00
Woudhuizen, F., Language of the Sea Peoples. Amsterdam, F. Woudhuizen, 1992.
Mythology and Religion
Bellamy, H. S., Moons, Myths, and Man. London, Faber and Faber, 1936.
Bullen, J. B., The Sun is God. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1989.
Burkert, W., Ancient Mystery Cults. Cambridge (MA), Harvard Univ. Press, 1987.
Campbell, J. and Moyers, W., The Power of Myth. New York, Doubleday, 1988.
Dundes, A., (ed.), The Flood Myth. Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1988.
Frazer, J. G., The New Golden Bough. New York, Criterion Books, 1983.
Gillon, A., Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology. Paris, Larousse, 1987.
Graves. R., The White Goddess. New York, George Braziller, Inc. 1966.
Kirk, G. S., Myth, Its Meaning and Function. Cambridge Univ. Press, 1973.
Kirk, G. S., The Nature of Greek Myths. London, Penguin Books, 1990.
Wolkstein, D., and Samuel N. K., Inanna. New York, Harper and Row Publ., 1983.
Archaeoastronomy
Allen, R. H., Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning. New York, Dover, 1963.
Aveni, A. F., Skywatchers of Ancient Mexico. Austin, Univ. of Texas Press, 1980.
Blake, J. F., Astronomical Myths. London, Macmillan and Company, 1877.
Brown, P. L., Megaliths Myths and Men. New York, Harper and Row, 1976.
Krupp, E. C., ed., In Search of Ancient Astronomies. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1978.
Maffei, P., Monsters in the Sky. Cambridge, Mass., The MIT Press, 1980.
Neugebauer, O., The Exact Sciences in Antiquity. Brown, Brown Univ. Press, 1957.
Olcott, W. T., Star Lore of All Ages. New York, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1914.
Pannekoek, A., A History of Astronomy. New York, Dover Publications, Inc., 1961.
Santilliana, G. de and von Dechend, H., Hamlet’s Mill. London, Macmillan, 1969.
Temple, R. K. G., The Sirius Mystery. Rochester (VT), Inner Traditions, 1987. Woolsey, J. M., The Original Garden of Eden Discovered. New York, 1910.
Crete
Alexious, S., Nikolas P., Ancient Crete. Athens, 1968.
Baikie, J., The Sea-Kings of Crete. London, 1926.
Bibby, G., The Testimony of the Spade. London, 1957.
Birchall, B., (ed.), Bronze Age Migrations in the Aegean. London 1973.
Cottrell, L., The Bull of Minos. Pan Books, London, 1955.
Evans, Sir A., The Palace of Minos. London, Macmillan, 1921-1935.
Fowden, E., The Early Minoan Goddess. JPR (1990) 3-4:15-18.
Furumark, A., Linear A and Minoan Religion. OpAth (1988)17: 51-90.
Graham, J. W., The Palaces of Crete. London, 1962.
Hägg, R., Marinatos, N., (eds.), Early Greek Cult Practice. Göteborg, 1988. Hawes, C., and Hawes H. B., Crete, the Forerunner of Greece. London, 1909 Higgins, C. R., Minoan and Mycenaean Art. London, 1967.
Hood, S., Settlers in Crete c.3000 BC. Cretan Studies (1990) 2:151-158.
Marinatos, S., Crete and Mycenae. Athens, Greece, 1960.
Muhly, P., The Great Goddess and the Priest King. Expedition (1990), 32:3, 5460.
Perez, R., Ringkampf mit dem Stier. Meriam (1959) XII:8-43.
Persson, A. W., The Religion of Greece in Prehistoric Times. Berkeley, 1942.
Rehak, P., The Aegean ‘Priest’. Kadmos, CMS (1994) I:223.
Rouse, W. H. D., The Double Axe and the Labyrinth. JHS (1901) 21:268-274.
Ward, A., The Cretan Bull Sports. Antiquity (1968) 42:117-122.
Warren, P., The Origins of the Minoans. BICS (1969) 16:156-157.
Warry, J., Warfare in the Classical World. London, Salamander Books, 1980.
Willetts, R. F., Cretan Cults and Festivals. London, 1962.
Younger, J. G., A New Look at Aegean Bull-leaping. Muse (1983) 17:72-80.
Yule, P., Notes on Scarabs and Aegean Chronology. BSA (1983) 78: 359-367. G. E. Mylonas, Mycenae and the Mycenaean Age. Princeton, 1966.
A. M. Snodgrass, The Dark Age of Greece. Edinburgh, Ire., 1971.
E. T. Vermeule, The Fa
ll of the Mycenaean Empire. Archaeology (1960) 13:66-75.
J. Chadwick, Who Were the Dorians? PdP (1976) 31:103-117.
J. T. Hooker, New Reflections on the Dorian Invasion. Klio(1979) 61:353-360.
Z. Rubensohn, The Dorian Invasion Again. PdP (1975) 30:105-131.
C. G. Thomas, Found: the Dorians. Expedition (1978) 20:3:21-25.
P. G. van Soesbergen, The Coming of the Dorians. Kadmos (1981) 20:38-51.
Troy, Mycenae, Hittites
Andrewes, P., The Falls of Troy. Greece & Rome (1965) 12:28-37.
Blegen, C. W., Troy and the Trojans. London, 1963.
Drews, R., Argos and Argives in the Iliad. Classical Philology (1979) 74: 111-135.
Easton, D., Has the Trojan War Been Found? Antiquity (1985) 59:188-195.
Finley, M. I., Lost: the Trojan War, in: Aspects of Antiquity, N. York, 1969, 24-37.
French, E., A Reassessment of the Mycenaean Pottery. AS (1975) 25:53-75.
Garstang, J., The Geography of the Hittite Empire. London, 1959.
Güterbock, H. G., The Ahhiyawa Problem Reconsidered. AJA (1983) 87:133-138.
Hooker, J. T., Ilios and the Iliad. Wiener Studien (1979)13:5-21.
Leaf, W., Troy, A Study in Homeric Geography. London, 1912.
Mellink, M. J., (ed.), Troy and the Trojan War. Bryn Mawr, 198).
Mylonas, G. E., Priam’s Troy and the Date of its Fall. Hesperia (1964) 33:352380.
Minoan Thalassocracy: Myth and Reality. Stockholm, 1984, 183-185.
Nilsson, M. P., The Mycenaean Origin of Greek Mythology. Berkeley 1932.
Nylander, C., The Fall of Troy. Antiquity (1963) 37:6-11.
Page D. L., History and the Homeric Iliad. Berkeley, 1959.
Vermeule, E. T., Mythology in Mycenaean Art. Class J. (1958) 54:3:97-108.
Wood, M., In Search of the Trojan War. New York, Facts on File Publ., 1985.
Zangger, E., Ein neuer Kampf um Troia. Archäologie in der Krise, Munich, 1994.
Endnotes to Part I
1 Many authors – some of them quite famous – have now adopted, even though they often fail to give me credit for it, the mechanism I originally proposed for the demise of Atlantis, viz. the end of the Ice Age and the sea level rise which then took place when the meltwater of the continental glaciers returned to the ocean.
Some of these authors, often journalists with no training whatsoever in either Science or Epistemology (the science of framing theories) formerly championed unscientific theories such as Pole Shift and an Antarctic Atlantis, despite the fact, now certain, that the southern continent has been under ice for over a million years.
Most, if not all, of my former hypotheses and arguments have already been amply confirmed by many sorts of finds and discoveries made by scientific investigators since I first proposed my Atlantis theory.
In particular, many scholars have now woken up to the reality of Catastrophism, and to the fact that Darwinian Evolution and Uniformitarian Geology are no more than sheer Victorian pseudo-Science at its worst, and rest upon nothing more than wishful thinking in attempting to deny the inescapable reality of the global cataclysms of which the ancient traditions so insistently speak.
I have also now made considerable further advances in the details of my theory on Ice Ages, one of the greatest scientific riddles ever. This updated theory is presented in our chapter on the Ice Ages. Many wholly new and unexpected empirical finds – among them the Heinrich Events and the Dansgaard-Oescher Events – have now been discovered, and thoroughly confirm my theory, as I comment in the chapter just mentioned.
Global cataclysms such as the Ice Ages and supervolcanisms of global proportions are now accepted as an inescapable reality which hits us all every once in a while, in intervals of 100 thousand years or so.
So are also giant meteoritic impacts like the one which annihilated the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago. These giant impacts – which probably extinguished Life on Mars and possibly Venus as well – are now thought to have caused some major extinctions which have occurred in the earth’s distant geological past.
But the contribution apported by supervolcanoes and/or volcanic paroxysms still goes unrecognized, despite its great importance in Climatology. The frequency of these cataclysms is a whole order of magnitude larger than their extraterrestrial counterparts as is now known. So, the importance of these natural disasters in controlling the climate cannot be overstated.
Another of my seminal discoveries, which is now confirmed, concerns the date and nature of the cataclysm which caused the end of the Pleistocene Ice Age. This cataclysm was very probably a Heinrich Event, H0, as is fast becoming clear.
And it was not only sudden and brutal, but occurred at the exact date stipulated by Plato, that of 11,600 years ago. Moreover, this event also probably corresponds to MWP1B, given the fact that the date of the two events so closely corresponds.
So, it seems the great philosopher was right after all, despite the fact that most scientists still adamantly refuse to believe the reality of the Flood cataclysm or, even less, its identity with Atlantis’ demise.
The nature of the cataclysm which caused the end of the Pleistocene Ice Age – the Heinrich Event just mentioned – also seems to be the result of the phenomena preconized by ourselves some 20 years ago, that is, the result of giant maritime invasions caused by giant tsunamis, themselves generated by explosive supervolcanic eruptions, as discussed in this text. Scientists have not yet wholly accepted this to be the real cause of Heinrich Events. But I am sure that they soon will, when they realize the importance of my discovery.
And this will come about when they realize the utter impossibility of the mechanism now held to have been responsible for these catastrophic events: the breaking open of giant lakes dammed by the glaciers themselves. As some geologists of great reputation have remarked, this damming by ice is geologically impossible. This occurs for several good reasons, one of them being the lack of mechanical resistance on the part of ice, which is by far too fragile for the purpose of damming so much water.
The reduction of global glacier albedo by volcanic soot deposition has recently been accurately measured by NASA’s satellites. And it has been found to be so important as to be proposed as a possible cause for the termination of Ice Ages, just as we long ago predicted it would be. In other words, though in no way prophetic, our scientific predictions turned out to be remarkably accurate, the most stringent test for a scientific theory like mine.
In fact, these discoveries of mine are all rather obvious in hindsight, since they are so logical. And these proposals, though non-canonical, are strictly scientific. In time, I am sure that my theory will become, in whole or in part, a new paradigm uniting Science to Religion. This great synthesis seems to be forthcoming and to be what is really needed for the new millennium which just started, bringing new hopes and new vistas to all mankind.
We also note that the local traditions of Indonesia also tell of the opening of Sunda Strait in prehistoric times. This opening was done by a giant volcanic explosion of the volcano in its interior, the mighty Krakatoa. And some in situ researches, which we comment further below, also confirm the reality of this supervolcanic cataclysm, having verified that the whole region of Sunda Strait consists of giant volcanic calderas, some fully 50 kilometers in diameter, as demonstrated in Ken Wohletz’ article linked here. ↑026
These traditions were later transferred to the Mediterranean region such as Gibraltar and the Bosphorus straits, where they in fact never occurred, as no volcanoes exist in these regions of the world. These straits were opened in far earlier epochs, before the time of humans, as is now known for sure.
It is from this transference of myths that results the usual mistake of confusing these regions as the ones associated with Atlantis. When the Greeks and the Phoenicians, etc. moved from their pristine destroyed abode in Indonesia, they brought along their sacred traditions, which they transferred to the local features such as Gibraltar and the Bosphorus Straits
, thus establishing and perpetuating the confusion of the sites.
The recent discovery of the tiny Homo floriensis in the Indonesian island of Flores – with a height of under five spans and a brain no larger than that of a chimpanzee, even though having what seems to be a modern braincase – is a dramatic confirmation of the fact that several human species have existed side-byside on earth since earliest times. This in contrast to the currently predominant theories on human evolution such as Out-of-Africa and Multiregionalism, and even with Darwin’s Evolution Theory itself, which preaches the survival of only the fittest of the species within a given geographical niche.
As some anthropologists determined, Flores Man apparently existed down to the end of the Pleistocene, some 11,600 years ago, and was apparently extinguished by a volcanic paroxysm in the region, rather than due to competition with other, larger hominids of the region (Homo erectus and H. sapiens).
This volcanic paroxysm was probably a part of the one leading to the catastrophic end of the Ice Age. In this context, the Flores hominid necessarily coexisted with the other hominids of the region: Homo erectus, known to have existed there since at least a million years ago and even more, and Homo sapiens, which migrated to that side of the world no later than 60,000 years ago, when its presence in Australia is first attested (Mungo Man). This date is close to the start of the last glaciation, so that this return to Eden may have been prompted by it. ↑027
We often read that Homo neanderthalensis – a different species of humans which existed in Ice Age Europe and the Near East – became extinct some time before the end of the Pleistocene, some 30,000 years ago. Though this may be true in most of Europe, it seems that the Neanderthals survived till a much later period, in refuges such as the Iberian Peninsula and the Near East, where he even successfully mated with the other humans there.
There, these earlier humans survived down to the end of the Ice Age, when they apparently went finally extinct, at least as a different species or subspecies of humans. The same is also probably true of Cro Magnon Man. This hominid is sufficiently different from modern humans in both size and other physical features to warrant a classification as a different taxon, either as a species or a subspecies in its own right. It is foolish to confuse the Cro Magnons with the modern humans, as some people do.
Atlantis the Lost Continent Finally Found Page 38
