by Barry Werth
Milestone Day and, 323–24
Mueller’s relationship with, 333–34
phenotypic screening and, 205–6
speeches of, 13–15, 75
systems biology and, 206–7
Vertex-Novartis partnership and, 57–58
and Vertex’s acquisition of Aurora, 78–79
Namchuk, Mark, 144, 334, 336–37
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 23, 26, 32, 68, 119, 144, 156, 202, 300
Nature, 29, 54–55
Nature Reviews, 177
Nazis, 366
NBC Nightly News, 263
Negulescu, Paul, 117–18, 144
CF and, 79–81, 118, 127, 180, 343
Olson’s interview with, 80–81
pain program and, 126–27
and Vertex’s acquisition of Aurora, 78–79
nerves, nervous system, 49, 72–73, 75, 92, 126, 215–16, 334, 336–37
Neuberger, Tim, 125–26
new drug applications (NDAs), 157, 183, 327
Incivek and, 194, 207, 214–15, 222–24, 226–29, 231–33, 336
Kalydeco and, 237, 345
Merck and, 226–29, 231, 233, 238, 244
New England Journal of Medicine, 346
New Pharma, 175, 214, 380
New Yorker, 12
New York Times, 20, 36, 66, 122, 185, 195, 300, 342
HCV and, 76, 139, 166
9/11, 73, 128, 146, 163, 246, 277, 382
Novartis, 123, 163, 357
Gleevec and, 57, 131
Vertex’s partnership with, 56–59, 65, 72, 78, 85, 87–88, 106–7, 114, 144, 177, 206, 336
Nucinator, The, 349
nucleoside analogs (nucs), 197, 287–88, 314–15, 346
of Alios, 299–300, 314, 347, 358, 362, 372, 375, 378
HCV and, 151, 182–83, 220, 261–62, 299, 325, 347, 349, 352–53, 355, 358, 360, 362–63, 372–73, 378–79
HIV and, 24, 46, 148, 357
Obama, Barack, 176, 187, 202, 255, 300, 312, 346
health care legislation of, 5, 195, 214, 217, 219–20, 237, 366, 372, 377
on stem cell research, 204–5
Occupy Wall Street, 328, 330, 346
off-label drugs, off-label marketing, 46, 65, 166, 195, 267, 372
Olson, Eric, 80–82, 118, 140–43, 179–82, 251, 295, 297, 335, 344, 362, 381, 386
omeprazole (Prilosec), 123, 163, 210
Ordonez, Claudia, 180
Pace, Megan, 295, 339, 386
Incivek and, 243–44, 264, 272, 275, 285, 287–88
pain program, 126–27
Pan Am Flight 103 bombing, 5
pancreas, 67, 69, 179, 249, 346
Partridge, Michael, 243, 383
CF and, 295, 313, 343, 345, 364–65
earnings calls and, 175–76, 307, 309, 339–40
HCV and, 262, 350, 356, 359
Incivek and, 264, 285, 287, 307, 313, 328–30, 332
Kalydeco and, 367–68, 370
stock market declines and, 312–13
patents, 25, 46–48, 74, 84, 192, 202, 245, 298, 316–17
generic drugs and, 184, 195
HCV and, 47–48, 101
HIV and, 30–32, 35–36, 357
Patrick, Deval, 153, 156, 172–74, 383
Paulson, Henry, 178–79, 187
Peattie, Debra, 21–23, 37, 105, 232
Pegasys, 61, 165–66, 213, 284, 348
Pegintron, 61, 165–66, 213, 221, 284
penicillin, 15, 152
peptides, 16, 34, 37, 64
Pfizer, 6, 46, 65, 80, 98, 114, 240, 277, 284
finances of, 4, 88, 195, 245–46, 251
JAK inhibitors and, 177, 215, 317–18
Wyeth acquired by, 195, 199–200
pharmaceutical companies, pharmaceutical industry, 145, 162, 260, 311, 346, 385
China and, 169–70, 172–73, 326
Clinton and, 11, 46
competition in, 1–4
corruption in, 166, 279–80
finances in, 5–6, 11–12, 15, 171
grand contradiction in, 246–47
in history, 3–5, 7
mergers and acquisitions in, 115, 199–200
profitability of, 2–6
public image and relations of, 115, 280
regulation of, 6, 15, 35
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), 204, 217
pharmacokinetics (PK), 79, 160
CF and, 121, 125, 295, 302
HCV and, 63, 95, 111
HIV and, 25, 35
pharmaplasia, 385, 387
Pharmasset, 287–88, 314
comparisons between Vertex and, 261–62
finances of, 262, 329, 333, 346, 354, 359
Gilead’s acquisition of, 357, 363
HCV and, 182–83, 220, 261–62, 324–25, 327, 329, 342, 347–51, 353–56, 359, 363
as takeover target, 197, 354–55
phenotypic screening, 205–6, 335
Pollack, Andrew, 342
polymerase, polymerase inhibitors, 151, 225
HCV and, 39, 49, 182–83, 199, 215, 349
polymers, 112, 124, 132, 239
polyproteins, 22, 33
Porges, Geoffrey, 197, 317
CF and, 250–51, 298, 343, 345, 353–54, 361, 368
HCV and, 102, 250–56, 363
Incivek and, 131, 307, 315, 332–33, 352–53, 355
and Pharmasset as takeover target, 354–55
Vertex research reports of, 96–97, 101–2
on Vertex’s collaborations, 102, 107
positive deviance, 157–58, 265, 379, 386
potentiators, 81, 120–21, 125, 140–41, 179, 249–50, 298
pralnacasan (VX-740), 47, 49, 52, 77–78, 85, 87, 92–93, 99–100, 106, 129, 131, 146, 177, 215, 335, 368
predictive modeling, 75
Price, Schaefer, 349, 354–55, 358–59
prices, 43, 75, 166, 187, 202, 204, 217, 261, 287, 311, 329, 331, 333, 370, 376, 388
CF and, 111, 250, 297–98, 343, 371
Clinton on, 11, 15, 26, 45–46, 115
Incivek and, 194, 247, 277, 285–86, 288, 315–16, 324, 332
Kalydeco and, 305, 361, 377–78
and value of Vertex, 350, 352
Victrelis and, 283–84, 286, 342
Prilosec (omeprazole), 123, 163, 210
Procrit, 208
products, productivity, 1, 5, 14, 23, 28, 45, 71, 84–85, 87, 100, 122–23, 195, 204, 225, 243, 247, 261, 284, 300, 310, 314, 329, 340, 366, 378, 385
in future, 387–88
gradualism in, 4, 6–7
HCV and, 34, 194, 203, 213, 231, 239–40, 332–33
Vertex-Novartis partnership and, 57, 59
Vertex’s earnings calls and, 307–8, 362
ProEd Regulatory, 227–28, 240, 243, 255, 265
profits, profitability, 27, 42, 44–47, 52, 83–85, 87, 146, 189, 225, 250–51, 281, 309–10, 312, 332, 376, 388
and grand contradiction in pharmaceutical industry, 246–47
HCV and, 44, 83, 94, 238, 339, 342
Merck on, 98, 152, 279
of pharmaceutical companies, 2–6
succession and, 198, 361
Vertex’s earnings calls and, 339–40, 362
Vertex’s portfolio process and, 97–98
World War II and, 151–52
pronase, 126
Propecia, 46
Proscar, 15, 46
prostates, 15, 46, 311
proteases, protease inhibitors, 13–20, 53, 315
active protein research and, 16–18
HCV and, 22–23, 32–35, 37–38, 40, 44, 49, 61–62, 76–77, 82–83, 91, 93–95, 101, 105, 128, 131, 140, 148, 151, 158, 172, 176, 220, 276, 289, 336
HIV and, 13–15, 17–20, 24–32, 35–36, 46, 50, 76–77, 82, 147–48, 183, 220, 230, 242, 357
ICE and, 23, 30
patents and, 30–32, 35–36
structures of, 15–19, 23, 33–34, 37–38, 40
sulf
onamides and, 32, 35
Vertex-Glaxo partnership and, 85, 87
Vertex’s preclinical experiments on, 24–25
see also specific molecules
proteins, 32, 43, 71, 89, 113–14, 192, 201, 205
CF and, 67–69, 79–81, 119–20, 179, 252, 364
HCV and, 22, 33–34, 36–39, 48, 63, 94–95, 220
ICE and, 29–30
kinases and, 53–56
ultrapure, active, 16–18, 20, 36, 252
Provenge, 311
Prozac, 315–16
pseudomonas, 80, 255
PSI-7977, 327, 329, 347–49, 356, 363
psoriasis, 93, 99–100, 177, 260
p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, 53–56, 92, 128, 146, 177
halting study on, 72–75
VX-745 and, 53, 55–56, 71–75, 87, 92, 277
pyrazinamide (PZA), 269–70
rashes, 171–72, 248
Incivek and, 151, 171, 182–83, 186, 257, 268–71, 273, 275, 287, 344, 347, 378
Read, Ian, 246
real option valuation (ROV) models, 92–93, 95, 101
Reesink, Henk, 131, 136–37
Regulation Fair Disclosure (Reg FD), 175, 210, 303, 309, 328–29
replicon system, 105
research and development (R&D), 2–7, 11–18, 45, 65–66, 77, 80, 88–92, 114, 122–23, 138, 145, 149, 163–64, 183–85, 195, 207–8, 210, 245–47, 259–61, 272, 281, 300, 316, 323, 333–34, 340, 361, 375, 386–87
and active protein, 16–18, 36, 352
and CF, 68, 70, 120, 127, 343
and East Asian prospects, 174, 327
Emmens on, 261, 310
failure rates in, 6, 13–16
and HCV, 44, 48, 230, 238, 356
in history, 3–5
and kinases, 55, 58, 72
and layoffs at Vertex, 89–90
and Mueller’s reorganizing, 334, 336
overextended at Vertex, 88–89
on stem cells, 70, 204–5, 322
and values, 325, 357
and Vertex-Novartis partnership, 58, 107
and Vertex’s culture, 290, 376
and Vertex’s earnings calls, 308, 362
response-guided therapy (RGT), 266–67, 282
restraint-of-trade cases, 6
Reuters, 197, 288, 332, 361, 363
reverse transcriptase, 20, 148
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 68, 314
ICE and, 23, 52, 77–78, 85, 92–93
kinases and, 53–55, 177, 215, 317–18, 380
of Lindbergh, 154
VX-509 and, 317–18
VX-745 and, 71–72, 75
ribavirin:
HCV and, 61, 129, 135, 138–39, 148, 155, 165–67, 171–72, 208, 220–22, 229, 257, 262, 266, 274–75, 320, 327, 347–48, 358, 362–63
Victrelis and, 283–84, 299
ribonucleic acid (RNA):
HCV and, 63, 82, 130, 137, 147, 266
HIV and, 20, 147–48
Rice, Charles, 22–23, 32, 34–35, 37, 40, 105, 232
Richards, Alfred Newton, 152
Richie, Lionel, 324
Roche, 19, 36, 101, 224, 230
Genentech acquired by, 185, 188, 200, 243
HCV and, 22, 34, 42, 61, 82, 165–66, 213, 220, 284, 342, 347–48, 357
Merck’s partnership with, 284, 287–88
Roussel-Uclaf, 47, 51
Sachdev, Amit, 243, 322, 351, 370
HCV and, 163–67, 203, 213–14, 265, 300, 350, 373–74
sales, selling, salespeople, 6–7, 12, 24, 52, 96, 115, 136, 148, 166, 186–87, 195–97, 218–19, 230, 245–47, 261, 281–85, 317, 351, 385
CF and, 250, 301, 327, 343–44, 353
Cumbo’s recruitment of, 224–26, 228, 241–42, 376, 379
Emmens’s background and, 123, 210
HCV and, 44, 83, 149, 301, 333, 375, 379
Incivek and, 212–13, 222, 224–26, 238, 241–42, 247, 277, 282–85, 299, 303, 307–8, 314–16, 325, 327–32, 339–42, 347–48, 350, 356–57, 362, 372–73, 375–76, 379
Kalydeco and, 250, 343–44, 353, 386
Merck and, 277, 284–85, 307, 311
Vertex’s earnings calls and, 307–9, 339–41, 362
Vertex’s portfolio process and, 97–98
Victrelis and, 277, 284–85, 288, 299, 307, 315–16, 342
see also marketing
Sanders, Charles, 267–68, 273
Genentech takeover and, 185, 188
succession and, 143–44, 146, 188–89
Sarepta Therapeutics, 377, 379
Sato, Vicki, 27, 45, 56, 71, 73, 87, 89, 115, 122
CF and, 68–69, 80, 127, 141
on fear and fun, 110, 117, 127
HCV and, 21, 23, 39–41, 64, 82–83, 93–94, 107–8, 110–11, 127, 232
HIV and, 18–20, 25–26, 31, 51, 91, 94
investor day and, 101–2
Kwong’s recruitment and, 41–42
lawsuit against, 75, 127–28
portfolio process and, 90, 92–93, 98
retirement of, 127–28, 132, 141, 184
Smith’s relationship with, 280–81
Vertex-Novartis partnership and, 57, 59, 107
and Vertex’s acquisition of Aurora, 67, 78
Vertex’s reorganization and, 59–60, 64–65
VX-745 and, 72, 74–75
Washington retroviral conference and, 25–26
“Save the Planet” (Boger), 203–4
Schapiro, Mary, 369–70
Schering-Plough Corporation, 49, 101, 343
HCV and, 39–40, 42, 44, 61, 82, 131, 140, 150–51, 165–66, 172, 186, 194, 208, 213, 217–18, 229–30, 245, 260, 266, 284
Kwong’s departure from, 39–40, 42, 44
Merck’s acquisition of, 199–200, 217–18, 245, 260, 311
Merck’s AdComm presentation and, 230, 265–66
Schmidt, Benno, Sr., 64, 143–44
Schoenebaum, Mark, 317, 342, 365, 368, 381
Science, 54, 320–21
Scolnick, Edward, 14–15, 31, 94, 121
Searle, 19, 30, 32, 35–36, 60
Sears, 148, 162
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 74–75, 149, 175, 369–71
Shareholders Foundation, 369
Shire PLC, 123, 184, 188, 210, 260, 310, 357
Silva, Paul, 370
Singhal, Priya, 256–58, 268
Smith, Ian, 106, 111, 114, 197, 199, 211–12, 214, 222, 238, 247, 280–83, 287–88, 322–25, 368, 375, 383
Boger’s relationship with, 86–87, 163, 280–81, 325
CF and, 248, 281, 295–98, 300, 302, 304, 313, 325, 345, 350
earnings calls and, 175, 177–78, 308–9, 324–25, 339–41, 362
Emmens’s relationship with, 314–15, 325
financial problems and, 87–88, 98–99, 186
financial tutorial of, 281–83
HCV and, 130–32, 137, 149–51, 178, 262, 324–25, 347–50, 376
hiring of, 73–74
Incivek and, 177, 186–87, 212, 264, 281–83, 285–86, 303, 308, 313–14, 325, 328, 330, 332, 340–42, 362
investor day and, 101–2
Liver Meeting and, 212, 324
nucs and, 314, 325, 347
sodium channels, 126–27
Spitzer, Eliot, 96
Stamoulis, Christiana, 380–81
Star Trek, 29, 155
statins, 6, 14–15, 98
stem cell research, 70, 204–5, 322
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), 257, 272, 343
Stewart, Martha, 216, 369
stock market, 11–12, 58–59
Emmens on, 261, 310
and grand contradiction in pharmaceutical industry, 246–47
Merck and, 265, 311
and mergers and acquisitions, 84–85, 199–200
9/11 and, 73
Pfizer and, 245–46
Pharmasset and, 197, 262, 329, 349
Vertex and, 59, 73, 75, 77, 87, 96–97, 99, 101, 102, 146, 148, 178
, 185–86, 212–13, 247, 283, 311–14, 315, 324–25, 329–33, 339–42, 343–46, 351–56, 357, 364–65, 367–71, 378, 382
structure-based drugs, structure-based design, 11, 14, 16–17, 19, 30, 40, 66, 75, 88, 113
HCV and, 34, 39
kinases and, 54–56
Su, Michael, 53–54
sulfonamides, 31–32, 35
Supreme Court, U.S., 6, 59, 372
sustained viral response (SVR) rates:
HCV and, 105, 132, 220, 266, 333, 348, 351, 359
of Incivek, 151, 171, 212, 274–75, 282
sweat chloride, 79, 179–80, 296–97, 302, 304, 344, 364
Syntex Laboratories, 128, 227
systems biology, 206–7
target-based drugs, 87–88, 106, 322
telaprevir, see Incivek
tenofovir, 225
Tenth International Conference on Antiviral Research, 39
TheStreet, 311, 358
Third International Conference on the Prevention of Infection, 31–32
Thomson, John, 45, 65, 71, 97, 113, 116, 158, 385
active protein research and, 16–18
Boger’s vision and, 291, 335
China and, 169–70, 173, 290–91, 326
HCV and, 21, 23, 33–34, 37, 39, 41, 63–64, 78, 83, 94, 169–70, 232, 290–91, 326
HIV and, 18, 28
Kwong’s recruitment and, 39–41
layoffs and, 88–90
management style and skills of, 78, 89–90
Vertex’s collaborations managed by, 144–45
Thomson Units, 17, 35
Tibotec Pharmaceuticals, 207–8, 223, 227, 231, 265, 277
Time, 96–97, 152
Timmerman, Luke, 199, 220–21, 318, 360, 363
Tinmouth, Phil, 141–42
Tishler, Max, 152
transplants, 128, 177
CF and, 67, 125, 252
HCV and, 63, 139, 151, 256
Tsien, Roger, 66–67
tuberculosis (TB), 145
China and, 170, 173–74
and side effects of Incivek, 269–70
Tung, Roger, 65, 78, 117–19, 126, 144
CF and, 81, 118
HCV and, 39, 48–49, 63–64, 232
HIV and, 19, 25–26, 28, 30–31, 91
Kwong’s recruitment and, 39–41
Washington retroviral conference and, 25–26, 30
Tyler, Steven, 320
United Kingdom, 73, 76, 86, 97, 123, 239, 334, 377
vaccines, 3, 20, 22, 97, 183
Vagelos, Roy, 5, 15, 115, 163
valuation, see stock market
value, of drugs, economic, 52, 69, 84, 93, 97, 111, 120, 145, 178, 196, 212–13, 245, 298, 313, 317, 341–42, 363, 377
Emmens on, 217, 261, 330, 332, 341
value, of drugs, to patients and society, 15, 43, 84, 131, 194, 202, 280, 288, 322, 325, 376, 388
pricing and, 286, 288
shareholder value vs., 127, 246, 261, 332
values and culture, company, 45, 116–17
of Merck, 162, 245–46
