by Andrew Marr
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Nilsson, Nils J., The Quest for Artificial Intelligence (Stanford University Press 2010)
Norwich, John Julius, A History of Venice (Penguin 1983)
––– Byzantium: The Early Centuries (Viking 1988)
––– Byzantium: The Apogee (Viking 1991)
––– Byzantium: Decline and Fall (Viking 1995)
––– The Popes: A History (Chatto 2011)
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Robisheaux, Thomas, Rural Society and the Search for Order in Early Modern Germany (Duke University Press 1989)
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––– Citizens (Viking 1989)
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Index
Abbasids ref 1, ref 2
Abd al-Rahman I ref 1
Abd al-Rahman III ref 1
aboriginal Australians ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
encountering of by Cook and Banks ref 1, ref 2
and European colonization ref 1, ref 2
kidnapping of Bennelong ref 1, ref 2
absolutism ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Abu Bakr ref 1
Achilles ref 1
Actium, battle of (31 BC) ref 1
Acts of the Apostles ref 1
Adams, John ref 1
Adams, William ref 1
Afghanistan
invasion of by Soviet Union (1978–9) ref 1, ref 2
Afghanistan war ref 1
Africa ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
agriculture ref 1, ref 2
annexation of Congo by Leopold II ref 1, ref 2
art ref 1
decolonization ref 1
desertification of North ref 1
development of society ref 1
domestication of camels ref 1
European imperialism in ref 1
evolvement of hominids in ref 1, ref 2
food production ref 1
Mali empire ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
migration of early humans from ref 1, ref 2
and Muslims ref 1
penetration of by European explorers ref 1
population growth ref 1
pre-colonial societies ref 1
religion ref 1
salt trade ref 1
‘scramble for’ ref 1, ref 2
slave trade/slavery ref 1, ref 2
succession issue ref 1
see also individual countries
agriculture ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Africa ref 1, ref 2
Britain ref 1
changes brought about by ref 1
China (ancient) ref 1, ref 2
and climate change ref 1, ref 2
development of new skills ref 1
and emergence of early villages ref 1
and enclosures ref 1
and Fertile Crescent ref 1
and fertilizers ref 1, ref 2
health and lifespan of early farmers ref 1
India (ancient) ref 1
Minoan ref 1
Native American ref 1
origins ref 1
and population growth ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Russia ref 1
slash-and-burn ref 1
Ahiram, King ref 1
air pollution ref 1, ref 2
Akbar the Great ref 1, ref 2
Akkadians ref 1, ref 2
Aksum ref 1
al Qaeda ref 1, ref 2
al-Andalus ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Ala-ud-din ref 1
Alans ref 1
Albania ref 1
Alberti, Leon Battista ref 1
Alcibiades ref 1
Alexander II, Czar ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Alexander III, Czar ref 1
Alexander III, the Great, King of Macedon ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
adopting of Persian culture ref 1
conquests ref 1, ref 2
death ref 1, ref 2
education ref 1, ref 2
killing of Cleitus ref 1
Alexandria (Egypt) ref 1, ref 2
Alexandria Library ref 1
algebra ref 1
Algeria
seizure of by French (1830) ref 1
Allende, Salvador ref 1
Almohads ref 1, ref 2
Almoravids ref 1, ref 2
alphabet
Greek ref 1
Phoenician ref 1, ref 2
Ambedkar, B.R. ref 1
Amenhotep III ref 1
American Civil War (1861–5) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
and blacks ref 1
death toll ref 1
economic and cultural factors ref 1
impact of ref 1, ref 2
reasons for fighting by Confederate soldiers ref 1
Reconstruction following ref 1
and slavery ref 1, ref 2
surrender of Lee’s army ref 1, ref 2
American colonies ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
American War of Independence (1776–81) ref 1, ref 2
Americas ref 1, ref 2
behind in development compared with Eurasia ref 1
and Columbus ref 1
European invasions and colonization ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
killing of natives by European diseases ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
native societies ref 1
and the Nazca ref 1
Spanish conquest of Incas and Aztecs ref 1, ref 2
tectonic activity and natural disasters ref 1
Amin, Idi ref 1
Amrapali ref 1, ref 2
Amritsar Massacre (1919) ref 1, ref 2
Analects ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Anasazi people ref 1
Anatolia ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
anatomy ref 1
ancestor worship ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Andes ref 1
Andropov, Yuri ref 1
Anemospilia temple ref 1
Angel, J. Lawrence ref 1
Angkor Wat ref 1
Angola ref 1
animals
early domestication of ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
reverence of in hunter-gatherer societies ref 1
animism ref 1, ref 2
Anne, Queen ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
anti-Semitism ref 1
Antigonus the One-eyed ref 1
Antiochus IV, King ref 1
Antiochus XIII, King ref 1
Antoninus Pius, Emperor ref 1
Antony, Mark ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Apsu (god) ref 1
Aquinas, Thomas ref 1
Arabia ref 1, ref 2
Arabs
conquests made by ref 1
invasion of Spain ref 1
sacking of Rome (846) ref 1
and Second World War ref 1
trade ref 1
Aramaic ref 1
Arapaho ref 1, ref 2
Archimedes ref 1
Arian Heresy ref 1
Arians/Arianism ref 1
Aristobulus ref 1
Aristotle ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Politics ref 1
arms race ref 1
Armstrong, Karen ref 1
Arrian ref 1
Arsenale (Venice) ref 1
art
ancient Egypt ref 1
Byzantium ref 1
cave ref 1, ref 2
and first Mesopotamian cities ref 1
Minoan ref 1, ref 2
Nazca ref 1
pre-Colonial Africa ref 1
Artificial Intelligence ref 1
Aryans ref 1, ref 2
Ashoka ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Assyrians ref 1, ref 2
astrolabes ref 1, ref 2
astrology, and Muslims ref 1
Astyages, King ref 1
Atahualpa, Emperor ref 1
Athens/Athenians ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
democracy ref 1, ref 2
drama ref 1
and Four Hundred ref 1
Parthenon ref 1
rule of the Thirty Tyrants ref 1
slavery ref 1
Syracuse disaster and defeat of by Sparta ref 1
war with Persians ref 1, ref 2
Atlantis ref 1
atom bomb ref 1, ref 2
Augsburg, Peace of (1555) ref 1
Augustus, Emperor ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Aurangzeb, Emperor ref 1
Austerlitz, battle of ref 1
Australia ref 1
Cook’s voyage to ref 1, ref 2
European colonization ref 1, ref 2
transportation of British convicts to and first settlements ref 1
Australian Aboriginals see aboriginal Australians
Austria ref 1
anti-Semitism ref 1
and Habsburg rulers ref 1
Austro-Hungarian Empire ref 1, ref 2
Averroës (Ibn Rushd) ref 1, ref 2
Avicenna ref 1, ref 2
‘axial age’ ref 1
Aztecs ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Baal (storm-god) ref 1
Babur (Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad) ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Babylon/Babylonians ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Baghdad ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Bahamas ref 1
Baldwin, Stanley ref 1
Ban Chao, General ref 1
Banda, Hastings ref 1
Bank of England ref 1
banking crisis (2008) ref 1
Banks, Sir Joseph ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
