by Drury, Bob
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Haynes, James. History of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Omaha and Suburbs. Omaha: Nebraska Printing Company, 1895.
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Hyde, George E. Red Cloud’s Folk: A History of the Oglala Sioux Indians. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1937.
———. Spotted Tail’s Folk. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1961.
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———, ed. Portraits of Fort Phil Kearny. Banner, WY: Bozeman Trail Association, 1993.
———. Red Cloud’s War: The Bozeman Trail, 1866–68. Norman, OK: Arthur H. Clark, 2010.
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———. Frontiersmen in Blue. New York: Macmillan, 1967.
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———. Warpath: The True Story of the Fighting Sioux. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1934.
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Articles
Belish, Elbert D. “American Horse: The Man Who Killed Fetterman,” Annals of Wyoming 63, no. 1 (spring 1985), 28–47.
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Greene, Jerome A. “The Hayfield Fight: A Reappraisal of a Neglected Action,” Montana: The Magazine of Western History 22, no. 4 (autumn 1972), 30–43.
———. “Lt. Palmer Writes from the Bozeman Trail,” Montana: The Magazine of Western History 28, no. 3 (summer 1978), 16–35.
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Another Battle? The Significance of the Hayfield Fight,” Annals of Wyoming 79 (summer–autumn 2007), 2–13.
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———. “The Wagon Box Fight: The Last Important Event of Fort Phil Kearny’s Short Existence,” Quartermaster Review 11 (September–October 1932).
Soule, Doris. “11th Ohio Cavalry—Ohio in the Civil War,” Wild West Magazine (December 1996).
Utley, Robert M. “The Bozeman Trail Before John Bozeman: A Busy Land,” Montana: The Magazine of Western History 53, no. 2 (summer 2003), 20–31.
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Archives and Other Sources
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Bozeman Trail Association: Papers at Fulmer Public Library, Sheridan, Wyoming.
Christopher Morton, U.S. National Parks Department Historian, Board of Fort Phil Kearny National Historic Site.
Eli Ricker Collection: Nebraska State Historical Society.
Fort Phil Kearny State Historic Site: Banner, Wyoming.
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[email protected] (Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota).
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Madison, James: Notes of the Debates of the Federal Convention, 1787.
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National Archives, Maryland:
• Official Records of Fort Phil Kearny.
• U.S. War Department, Department of the Platte. Letter Book No. 1, 1866.
• U.S. War Department, 18th Infantry Regiment. Muster Rolls and Record of Events, April 1866–July 1867.
• Board of Survey Orders, September 1866–July 1867.
• Still Pictures Archive.
Nebraska State Historical Society, Lincoln.
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Omaha Weekly Republican.
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Report of the Committee on the Conduct of the War on the Massacre of Cheyenne Indians, U.S. House of Representatives, January 10, 1865.
Report of Lieutenant General Sherman, October 1, 1867.
South Dakota Historical Society.
Special Commission Investigating the Fort Phil Kearny Massacre, U.S. Senate, 1867.
Tenedor Ten Eyck Diary: University of Arizona.
University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
Western History Association: University of Missouri, St. Louis.
U.S. Congress, 40th, 1st Session, Senate. Indian Hostilities (Executive Documents No. 13 and No. 33). Washington, D.C., 1868.
American-tribes.com.
Oglala Sioux College, Kyle, South Dakota.
Wyomingtalesandtrails.com.
INDEX
Page numbers that are italicized indicate illustrations.
Absaraka (Carrington), 364, 372
Allen, Charles Wesley, 370–71
Almstedt, Henry, 305
Ambrose, Stephen E., 146n, 249
American Fur Company, 20, 96, 129, 162
American Horse, chief of the Sioux, 333, 346
Apache, 53–54, 60
Arapaho, 55, 60, 149, 152, 184, 187, 193, 216, 242, 257, 274, 284, 309, 347, 350
and Battle of Tongue River, 209–10, 218–19
and raiding and war parties, 190–91, 286, 295, 320, 331
Red Cloud’s coalition and, 289–90
Red Cloud’s War and, 3, 15, 317–18, 321, 324, 329, 331
treaties and, 19, 26–27, 32, 355–56
weapons of, 181, 188
Arikara, 19, 25, 55, 59, 77, 97, 360–61
Sioux and, 22, 42–44, 114–19, 361
Army, U.S., 5, 59, 101, 112, 120–24, 136, 149, 151, 153–56, 161–64, 175–81, 184, 219–20, 288, 310, 365
Atkinson’s mission and, 61–62
and attack on Fort Rice, 213–14
and attacks on Cole’s force, 214–17
and Battle of Blue Water Creek, 137–38
and Battle of Crazy Woman Fork, 263–69
and Battle of Tongue River, 209–10
Bear Butte Council and, 143, 155
Bozeman Trail and, 228, 238, 250, 275
Bridge Station and, 169–70, 197, 200–206, 208, 210
Carrington’s mission and, 228–30, 232
Carrington’s Overland Circus and, 240–59
casualties of, 127–30, 137, 162, 169–70, 173, 185, 189, 193, 198, 203–6, 217, 219, 260, 264, 266–69, 271–72, 274, 283–84, 299, 305, 309, 314–15, 318–19, 332–35, 337–41, 344–47, 350, 352, 354–55, 361, 363–64, 373
Civil War and, 155–56, 171–72, 176–79, 206–7, 223–24, 231, 287, 298
Cole’s rescue and, 217–18
Cole’s surprise attack and, 216–17
and comparisons between Carrington and Fetterman, 223–25
Cooke’s appointment and, 228–30
Dakotas and, 161, 166, 208
deserters from, 256–57, 274, 284, 292
emigration and, 21, 25, 120
Fetterman’s ambitions and, 176, 178, 307
Fort C. F. Smith and, 279–80
Fort Laramie and, 20, 122, 125
Fort Phil Kearny and, 261–62, 270–71, 275–77, 279–81, 291–93, 298–99, 303
Grattan affair and, 126–30
and hunt for Red Cloud, 206–9, 219
and hunt for Sitting Bull, 207–8, 212
Indian policy and, 225–30, 283–84
and Indian raiding and war parties, 144, 185–86, 190–95, 197–98, 210–11, 233, 251, 260–61, 281–84, 286–87, 303–5, 308, 324, 331, 334
Indians’ cruelty and, 8–9, 263, 267–68
Indians’ escape from, 191–99
Indian’s vengeance and, 123–24, 127–29
Laramie Loafers and, 152, 198
Miniconjou problem and, 122–24
morale issues and, 106–7, 308–9
mutinies and, 208, 218
officer appointments in, 178–80
Red Cloud’s political missions and, 49, 358–59
Red Cloud’s War and, 2–3, 6–15, 170, 306, 311–15, 323–44, 348–49, 352–55, 369, 372–73
Sand Creek massacre and, 188–89
Story and, 296–97
treaties and, 25–29, 31–33, 93, 120, 126, 185, 227, 242, 244–45, 356
violence and brutality of, 137, 161, 188–89, 195, 209, 265
weapons and ammunition of, 7–8, 25, 61, 94, 104, 126–29, 137, 144–47, 161, 173, 180, 188, 193, 202–4, 209–10, 214–17, 232, 238–39, 243–44, 248–49, 262, 265–68, 271, 286–87, 290, 293, 297–99, 303–4, 306–7, 312–15, 319–20, 326–29, 332–34, 337, 339, 3
41, 344–45, 354–55
Arnold, Wilbur, 318, 331
Atkinson, Henry, 61–62
Auger, Christopher C., 356
Badlands, 45–48, 51, 193, 210
Baker, Howard, 160
Barbour, James, 62–63
Bear Butte, 77–78, 209
assembly at, 142–44, 146–49, 155, 165, 171
Bears Ribs, Chief of the Hunkpapas, 144, 171
beaver, 70, 94–98, 100, 103
Beckwourth, Jim, 279–80, 284, 306
Bettelyoun, Susan Bordeaux, 234
Bidwell-Bartleson party, 104
Big Piney Creek, 2, 262, 281, 298, 352, 356
Carrington’s Overland Circus and, 253, 255, 258–59
and Indian raiding and war parties, 260, 286, 289, 307–8, 324
Red Cloud’s War and, 311, 319–20, 324–27, 332, 334, 337, 347
Big Spider (brother of Red Cloud), 63–64, 85
Bingham, Horatio Stowe, 2, 307
and Fetterman’s arrival at Fort Phil Kearny, 304–6
Red Cloud’s War and, 311–15, 317–18
Bisbee, William, 241, 257
Fetterman and, 231, 305, 307, 364
and Indian raiding and war parties, 282, 286, 305
Red Cloud’s War and, 313, 319
Black Bear, Chief of the Arapaho, 209–10, 219, 289–90
Black Buffalo Woman (niece), 143, 174, 291
Black Eagle, 83–89
Blackfeet, 19, 23, 28, 55, 97–98
Sioux wars with, 76–77
Black Hills, 11, 24, 42, 45, 96–97, 101, 140, 144, 164, 193, 209, 212, 216, 238, 249, 362
gold in, 49, 360
Sioux and, 4, 39, 48–51, 55–57, 59, 70, 84, 119, 142, 146, 149, 154–55, 309, 348
treaties and, 227, 357
Black Horse, Chief of the Cheyenne, 257–59
Black Kettle, Chief of the Cheyenne, 188–89
Bloody Bozeman, The (Johnson), 236–37
Blue Water Creek, Battle of, 137–38, 157, 158n, 184–85, 234, 358
Bordeaux, James, 127–29, 136, 234
Bowers, Gideon, 314–15, 318–19
Bozeman, John, 5, 207, 253, 297
Sioux’s warnings to, 181–82
trailblazing journey of, 236–38
Bozeman Trail, 1, 4–7, 10n, 181–82, 229, 235–38, 257, 262, 280, 287, 292, 299, 305, 359
Carrington and, 228, 238, 242, 245, 250, 253, 258–59, 272
