1.27 Inscription on the minaret of the Great Mosque with the name of the craftsman and the date 483/1090, Aleppo, Syria
1.28 Qasr al-Ablaq, citadel (palace of al-Nasir Muhammad), plan and interior view, 713-14/1313-15, Cairo, Egypt
1.29 Transcription of coin of Baybars, late thirteenth century, Egypt
2.1 Dragon, stone relief on city wall, early thirteenth century, Konya, Turkey
2.2 Quarter dinar minted by the Fatimid caliph al-Mustansir (427-87/1036-94), Sicily
2.3 Signs of the zodiac, mirror of Artuq Shah, cast bronze, between 631/1233 and 660/1262, Turkey
2.4 Signs of the zodiac, Vaso del Rota, inlaid metal, late twelfth century, Iran
2.5 Sign of Libra, Mamluk bowl, inlaid metal, fourteenth century, Syria(?)
2.6 Apotropaic door-knocker for a mosque, cast bronze, c. 1200, Jazirat ibn ‘Umar (Cizre), Turkey
2.7 Harpy, stone relief on city wall, early thirteenth century, Konya, Turkey
2.8 The sun as an astrological image, inlaid bronze basin, c. 1250, Mosul, Iraq
2.9 Inscription on city walls, late twelfth century, Diyarbakr, Turkey
2.10 Seljuq inscription on city walls, 476/1083-4, Diyarbakr, Turkey
2.11 Hare, Fatimid lustre dish, eleventh century, Egypt
2.12 Horsemen in combat, Cappella Palatina, ceiling, c. 1140, Palermo, Sicily
2.13 Epigraphic roundel on a brass basin made for Hugh de Lusignan, King of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1324-59), the only Islamic vessel which bears the name and titles of a non-Muslim ruler; probably Egypt or Syria
2.14 Foot soldier, glazed ceramic bowl, ninth-tenth centuries, Iran
2.15 Foot soldiers, cauldron, inlaid metal, early fourteenth century, probably Iraq
2.16 Mosque of al-Hakim, perspectival view, 380-403/990-1013, Cairo, Egypt
2.17 Mosque of al-Hakim, inscription band, 380-403/990-1013, Cairo, Egypt
2.18 Signs of the zodiac, Vaso Vescovali, c. 1200, Iran
2.19 Signs of the zodiac in their respective domicilia; ewer made for Shi‘ite patron, c. 1350, probably Syria
2.20 Map of the route of the First Crusade
2.21 Great Mosque, minaret, elevation, 483-7/1090-5, Aleppo, Syria (left); Great Mosque, minaret, elevation, c. 1170, Ma‘arrat al-Nu‘man, Syria
2.22 Lance of the Mamluk sultan Tuman Ba’i, early sixteenth century, Cairo, Egypt
2.23 Parade dagger, ninth-eleventh centuries, Syria
2.24 Leisure pursuits and animals, Fatimid carved ivory plaques (from a book-cover?), eleventh-twelfth centuries, Egypt
2.25 Soldiers wearing Mongol armour, Rashid al-Din, Jami‘ al-Tawarikh (‘World History’), 714/1314, Tabriz, Iran
2.26 Fatimid carved wooden panel, twelfth century, Egypt
2.27 Coins of various Turcoman principalities, twelfth-thirteenth centuries, Turkey and Iraq
2.28 Soldier wearing Mongol armour, Rashid al-Din, Jami‘ al-Tawarikh (‘World History’), 714/1314, Tabriz, Iran
3.1 Mounted warrior, stone mould, eleventh-twelfth centuries, Iran
3.2 Silver dirham of Rukn al-Din Sulayman Shah; its reverse quotes Sura 9: 33 which has jihad associations. 592/1195-6, Kayseri, Turkey
3.3 Horsemen fighting a lion and a dragon, stucco relief, c. 1220, Konya, Turkey
3.4 Boot, Dioscorides, De Materia Medica, 619/1222, Iraq
3.5 Leg armour, stucco relief, c. 1195, Rayy, Iran
3.6 The sun and moon, stone reliefs, hospital of Kayka’us I, 614/1217-18, Sivas, Turkey
3.7 Craftsman’s signature on a brass ewer dated 627/1229, probably Mosul, Iraq
3.8 Diagram illustrating function of minbar
3.9 Armour for hand and arm, Firdawsi, Shahnama (‘Book of Kings’), leaves mounted in albums, c. 1370-80, Iran
3.10 Armour for leg and foot, Firdawsi, Shahnama (‘Book of Kings’), leaves mounted in albums, c. 1370-80, Iran
3.11 Umayyad Mosque, perspectival view, 86-96/705-15, Damascus, Syria
3.12 Title-page, al-Sulami, Kitab al-Jihad (‘The Book of Holy War’), part II; original text written in the early twelfth century, Syria
3.13 Mounted archer, silk and linen textile, second half of the eleventh century, Egypt
3.14 Horseman and foot soldier, stone tympanum, twelfth century, Daghestan, eastern Caucasus
3.15 Huntsman, inlaid brass basin known as the ‘Baptistere de St Louis’, c. 1300 or earlier, Syria
3.16 Mounted hunter, inlaid brass basin known as the ‘Baptistere de St Louis’, c. 1300 or earlier, Syria
3.17 Helmets, thirteenth-fourteenth centuries, Turkey
3.18 Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din, plan, 567/1172, Damascus, Syria
3.19 Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din, muqarnas dome, 567/1172, Damascus, Syria
3.20 Jami‘ al-Nuri, alabaster mihrab in courtyard, early thirteenth century, Mosul, Iraq
3.21 Jami‘ al-Nuri, exterior, inscription on north wall, detail, probably 558/1163 and later, Hama, Syria
3.22 Jami‘ al-Nuri, mihrab with frieze depicting real and fabulous creatures, early thirteenth century, Hama, Syria
3.23 Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din, section of the muqarnas dome, 567/1172, Damascus, Syria
3.24 Jami‘ al-Nuri, plan, from 558/1162-3, Hama, Syria
3.25 Maristan (hospital) of Nur al-Din, section of portal dome, 549/1154, Damascus, Syria
3.26 Maristan (hospital) of Nur al-Din, plan, 549/1154, Damascus, Syria
3.27 Coin of Nur al-Din, twelfth century, Syria
3.28 Man holding a wind instrument, ink drawing on paper, twelfth century, Egypt
3.29 Dar al-Hadith al-Nuriyya, plan, before 569/1174, Damascus, Syria
3.30 Fatimid textile with addorsed lions, eleventh century, Egypt
3.31 Individual words of the animated inscription on the Wade Cup, inlaid brass, c. 1230, north-west Iran
3.32 The Mosque of the Prophet, Madina, painting on paper, fifteenth century, Egypt
3.33 The Ka‘ba, painting on paper, fifteenth century, Egypt
3.34 Floor mosaic with map of Jerusalem, sixth century, Madaba, Jordan
3.35 Dome of the Rock, cut-away perspectival view, 72/691-2, Jerusalem
3.36 Jami‘ al-Nuri, minbar, inscription at the rear with the shahada (the Muslim confession of faith), 559/1164, Hama, Syria
3.37 Mosque lamp, pierced bronze, twelfth century, Konya, Turkey
3.38 Arab warrior with shield fastened to his back, Rashid al-Din, Jami‘ al-Tawarikh (‘World History’), 714/1314, Tabriz, Iran
3.39 Foot soldier, inlaid metal vase made by ‘Ali ibn Hamud al-Mawsili, 657/1259, Mosul(?), Iraq
4.1 Coin of Saladin, late twelfth century, Turkey
4.2 Map of the Near East in the twelfth century
4.3 Jami‘ al-Nuri, inscriptions on columns, 566-8/1170-3, Mosul, Iraq
4.4 Combatants, Blacas ewer, inlaid brass, 629/1232, Mosul, Iraq
4.5 Riders, one on a barded horse, the other shooting a cross-bow, inlaid bronze flask, early thirteenth century, Iraq
4.6 Horse with crouching groom, inlaid metal ewer, thirteenth century, probably Iraq
4.7 Mausoleum of Saladin, plan, late twelfth century, Damascus, Syria
4.8 Rabi‘ ibn ‘Adnan making a night attack, Varqa va Gulshah (‘Varqa and Gulshah’), c. 1250, Turkey
4.9 Madrasa al-‘Adiliyya, perspectival view, 619/1223, Damascus, Syria
4.10 Madrasa al-Sultaniyya, plan and perspectival view, 620/1223-4, Aleppo, Syria
4.11 Madrasa al-Rukniyya extra muros, plan and perspectival view, 621/1224-5, Damascus, Syria
4.12 Complex of al-Firdaws, plan and perspectival sketch, 633/1235-6, Aleppo, Syria
4.13 Funerary madrasa of al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub, perspectival view, 641-8/1243-50, Cairo, Egypt
4.14 Palace of al-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub, plan, 638/1240-1, Cairo, Egypt
4.15 Ruler and two dragons, apotropaic sculpture, Talisman Gate, 618/1221, Baghdad, Iraq
4.16 Khanqah fi’l-Farafra, Sufi �
�convent’, plan, 635/1237-8, Aleppo, Syria
4.17 ‘+ Of what was made for the most high Excellency, the splendid, noble Eminence Hugh, who has received the favours [of God], who rises in the van of the elite troops of the Frankish kings, Hugh de Lusignan, may his power endure’. Inscription on a brass basin made for Hugh de Lusignan, King of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1324-59); probably Egypt or Syria
4.18 Foot soldiers, stone relief, Bab al-‘Amadiyya, between 631/1233 and 657/1259, Iraq
4.19 Horseman, glazed ceramic bowl, thirteenth century, Aleppo region, Syria
4.20 Animated inscription on candlestick of Kitbugha, inlaid metal, early 1290s, probably Egypt
4.21 Blazons on Mamluk coins, thirteenth-fifteenth centuries, Egypt and Syria
4.22 Blazons on Mamluk coins, thirteenth-fifteenth centuries, Egypt and Syria
4.23 Part of a militantly Shi‘ite verse inscription, Mamluk silver-inlaid bowl, probably early fourteenth century, Syria (?)
4.24 Soldiers wearing Mongol armour, Rashid al-Din, Jami‘ al-Tawarikh (‘World History’), 714/1314, Tabriz, Iran
4.25 Kufic inscription stating ‘this is the mosque of Khalid ibn al-Walid, the Companion of the Prophet, blessings’ and quoting Qur’an 2: 256 and 3:17. Shrine of Khalid ibn al-Walid, eleventh century, Hims, Syria
4.26 Mosque of Baybars, south-west porch, 665-7/1266-9, Cairo, Egypt
4.27 Mosque of Baybars, plan and perspectival view, 665-7/1266-9, Cairo, Egypt
4.28 Mosque lamp, pierced metal, mosque in complex of Qalawun, 683-4/1284-5, Cairo, Egypt
4.29 Helmets, album paintings, early fourteenth century, Tabriz, Iran
4.30 Helmet, Dioscorides, De Materia Medica, c. 1225, Iraq
4.31 Warriors wearing a ‘corset cuirass’ with lamellar and laminated armour; Rashid al-Din, Jami‘ al-Tawarikh (‘World History’), 714/1314, Tabriz, Iran and Firdawsi, Shahnama (‘Book of Kings’ - the Great Mongol Shahnama), c. 1330, Tabriz, Iran
4.32 Mosque of al-Nasir Muhammad, citadel, minaret, 735/1334-5, Cairo, Egypt
4.33 Mamluk epigraphic disc: ‘Glory to our lord the sultan’, personal blazon of Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, early fourteenth century, Egypt
4.34 Palace of Amir Beshtak, plan and perspectival view, 735-40/1334-9, Cairo, Egypt
4.35 Northern minaret, Mosque of al-Hakim, upper part, plan and elevation, 703/1303-4, Cairo, Egypt
4.36 Funerary complex of Sultan Qalawun, perspectival view, 683-4/1284-5, Cairo, Egypt
4.37 Complex of Qalawun, minaret, 683-4/1284-5, Cairo, Egypt
4.38 Carved wooden panel, maristan (hospital), complex of Qalawun, 683-4/1284-5, Cairo, Egypt
4.39 Madrasa al-Shibliyya, mausoleum, plan and elevation, early thirteenth century, Damascus, Syria
5.1 Foot soldiers, Abu Mash‘ar al-Balkhi, al-Madkhal al-kabir (‘The Great Introduction’ (to astrology)), 638/1240, Egypt
5.2 Castle, gateway with inscription of Sultan Qalawun (1280s), Shayzar, Syria
5.3 Composite Mamluk blazons, thirteenth-fifteenth centuries, Egypt and Syria
5.4 Wooden door and metal table from the complex of Sultan Qalawun, 683-4/1284-5, Cairo, Egypt
5.5 Muslim folk hero, under-glass painting, twentieth century, Tunisia
5.6 L’la Yamina seated, under-glass painting, twentieth century, Tunisia
5.7 ‘Antar and Abla, under-glass painting, twentieth century, Tunisia
5.8 ‘Abdallah ibn Ja‘far and L’la Yamina, daughter of the Great King of Tunis, under- glass painting by Mahmud al-Feriani, c. 1890, Sfax, Tunisia
5.9 The princess Abla, wife of ‘Antar, and the princess Zubayda, wife of Harun al-Rashid, under-glass painting, twentieth century, Tunisia
5.10 Types of Mamluk pen-box blazon, thirteenth-fifteenth centuries, Egypt and Syria
5.11 Mihrab, Mosque of al-‘Ayni, 814/1411, Cairo, Egypt
5.12 Simple Mamluk charges, thirteenth-fifteenth centuries, Egypt and Syria
5.13 Hammam al-Bazuriyya (also known as Hammam Nur al-Din), plan, founded between 549/1154-5 and 568/1172-3, with Ottoman additions, Damascus, Syria
5.14 Hammam al-Bazuriyya (also known as Hammam Nur al-Din), sections, founded between 549/1154-5 and 568/1172-3, with Ottoman additions, Damascus, Syria
5.15 Hammam scene, sketch, Nizami, Khamsa (‘Quintet’), 915-34/1507-27, Iran
5.16 Hammam al-Sami, plan, thirteenth century, Damascus, Syria
5.17 Hammam al-Sami, decorative marble patterning of the floor, thirteenth century, Damascus, Syria
5.18 Hammam al-Sami, domes inlaid with crown glass, thirteenth century, Damascus, Syria
5.19 Hammam al-Sami, transverse section, thirteenth century, Damascus, Syria
5.20 Hammam al-Sami, section of tepidarium, thirteenth century, Damascus, Syria
5.21 Blazons, inlaid brass basin known as the ‘Baptistère de St Louis’, c. 1300 or earlier, Syria
5.22 Motifs used on Mamluk coins, thirteenth-fifteenth centuries, Egypt and Syria
5.23 Haram al-Sharif, showing Dome of the Rock and Aqsa Mosque, perspectival view, 72/691-2 onwards, Jerusalem
5.24 Aqsa Mosque, perspectival view, seventh-eleventh centuries, Jerusalem
5.25 Dome of the Rock, manuscript painting, fifteenth century, Egypt
5.26 Departure of the pilgrimage caravan with the mahmal (ceremonial litter), al-Hariri, al-Maqamat (‘The Assemblies’), 634/1237, probably Baghdad, Iraq
5.27 Tombstone with Kufic inscription, undated but probably tenth century, Hijaz, Arabia
5.28 Part of a militantly Shi‘ite verse inscription, Mamluk silver-inlaid bowl, probably early fourteenth century, Syria (?)
5.29 Muqarnas squinch, fourteenth century, Cairo, Egypt
5.30 The arms of Jerusalem (‘arg. a cross potent between four crosslets or’) on a brass basin made by an Arab craftsman for Hugh de Lusignan, King of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1324-59); probably Egypt or Syria
5.31 Shields, Firdawsi, Shahnama (‘Book of Kings’) manuscripts, c. 1330-45, Shiraz, Iran
5.32 Page of Qur’an made for the Mamluk sultan Sha‘ban, c. 1370, Cairo, Egypt
5.33 Mamluk joggled voussoirs, fourteenth century, Cairo, Egypt
5.34 Coin of the Mamluk sultan Lajin, 1290s, Cairo, Egypt
5.35 Mamluk coin, 701/1301, Aleppo, Syria
5.36 Marble panel, Mosque of al-Mu’ayyad 818-23/1415-20, Cairo, Egypt
5.37 Marble epigraphic panel, Mosque of al-Mu’ayyad, 818-23/1415-20, Cairo, Egypt
6.1 Mounted hunter and groom carrying game, Cappella Palatina, ceiling, c. 1140, Palermo, Sicily
6.2 Groom carrying game, Cappella Palatina, ceiling, c. 1140, Palermo, Sicily
6.3 Silk cloth with lions and harpies, c. 1100, Muslim Spain
6.4 Cock-fight, Cappella Palatina, ceiling, c. 1140, Palermo, Sicily
6.5 Dancer, Fatimid ivory carving, eleventh century, Egypt
6.6 Seated ruler, Cappella Palatina, ceiling, c. 1140, Palermo, Sicily
6.7 Fatimid ivory combs, eleventh-twelfth centuries, Egypt
6.8 Musicians, Blacas ewer, inlaid brass, 629/1232, Mosul, Iraq
6.9 Roundel on ivory box, twelfth century, Sicily or Spain
6.10 Panel from Umayyad ivory casket, early eleventh century, Spain
6.11 Scenes of courtly life, Cappella Palatina, ceiling, c. 1140, Palermo, Sicily
6.12 Musician, Cappella Palatina, ceiling, c. 1140, Palermo, Sicily
6.13 Board game players, Cappella Palatina, ceiling, c. 1140, Palermo, Sicily
6.14 Wrestlers, Cappella Palatina, ceiling, c. 1140, Palermo, Sicily
6.15 Hunter with dog, lid of ivory casket, eleventh-twelfth centuries, Muslim work from south Italy
6.16 Seated prince, lustre dish, twelfth century, Syria
6.17 Seated prince, inlaid brass basin signed by Ibn al-Zayn, c. 1300, Syria
6.18 Sign of Libra, Mamluk mirror, inlaid metal, fourteenth century, Syria(?)
6.19 Terracotta stamps for bread, eleventh-thirteenth centuries, Egypt
6.20 ‘Hedwig’ glass beaker, twelfth century, Egypt(?)
6.21 Qasr al-Banat, palace, plan, twelfth century, Raqqa, Syria
6.22 Archer shooting birds, Blacas ewer, inlaid brass, 629/1232, Mosul, Iraq
6.23 Animated inscriptions on inlaid brass container (‘the Bobrinski bucket’), 559/1163, Herat, Afghanistan
6.24 Dome inscription, mausoleum of Sitta Nafisa, before 683/1284, Cairo, Egypt
6.25 Lady at her toilette attended by her maid, Blacas ewer, inlaid brass, 629/1232, Mosul, Iraq
6.26 Leather binding of a volume of al-Hamawi, Thubut al-Hujja, fifteenth century, Egypt
6.27 Muslim surgical instruments (scrapers, scalpels, hooks and forceps), al-Zahrawi, Kitab al-Tasrif (‘Book of Explanation’), 670/1271-2, Egypt(?)
6.28 Animated inscription on the Wade Cup, inlaid brass, c. 1230, north-west Iran
6.29 Hunting scene, glazed ceramic dish, early thirteenth century, Rusafa(?), Syria
6.30 Inlaid brass pen-case with the titles of Abu’l-Fida Isma‘il, ruler of Hama (d. 732/1331), Syria
6.31 Musicians, Fatimid ivory carving, eleventh century, Egypt
6.32 Animated inscription on the Fano Cup, inlaid metal, c. 1250, Syria
6.33 Brass casket with benedictory Kufic inscription, late twelfth century, Iran
6.34 Terracotta figurine of a dancer, thirteenth century, Wasit, Iraq
6.35 A messenger, painting on paper, twelfth century, Egypt
6.36 Lady travelling in a litter on a camel, Blacas ewer, 629/1232, Mosul, Iraq
6.37 Camel rider on a glazed ceramic vase, twelfth century, Iran
6.38 Staging post near al-Qutayfa, plan, thirteenth century, Syria
6.39 Khan al-‘Arus, staging post/caravansarai built by Saladin, 587/1191-2, Syria
6.40 Khan al-Inqirata, staging post/caravansarai, plan and perspectival view, 773/1371-2, Syria
6.41 Turbat ’Ali al-Harawi, plan, 602/1206, Aleppo, Syria
6.42 Church, later transformed into a mosque, section, twelfth century, Ramla, Israel
6.43 Cathedral (later turned into a mosque), plan, twelfth century, Tartus (Tortosa), Syria
6.44 Amirs and huntsmen, inlaid brass basin known as the ‘Baptistère de St Louis’, c. 1300 or earlier, Syria
6.45 Courtiers by a fountain, Cappella Palatina, ceiling, c. 1140, Palermo, Sicily
6.46 White Mosque, minaret (note European elements), 718/1318, Ramla, Israel
The Crusades- Islamic Perspectives Page 3
