Hero: The Life and Legend of Lawrence of Arabia

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Hero: The Life and Legend of Lawrence of Arabia Page 84

by Michael Korda


  Cecil, William, 443

  Chaignon family, 131

  Chamberlain, Sir Austen, 650

  Chamberlain, Neville, 675n

  Chapman, Benjamin, 119, 121, 122

  Chapman, Caroline, 530

  Chapman, Edith Sarah Hamilton, Lady:

  daughters of, 121, 122, 128

  and her husband, 126, 127

  religious zeal of, 122–23, 132

  Chapman, Francis Vansittart, 116

  Chapman, Sir Montagu, 116

  Chapman, Sir Thomas Robert Tighe, see Lawrence, Thomas

  Chapman, William, 119, 122

  Chase, Harry, 353, 354, 356, 361, 383–88, 480, 492

  Chauvel, Sir Henry, 429, 432, 433, 434

  Chetwode, Sir Philip, 380, 576–78, 597

  Christie, Agatha, Murder in Mesopotamia, 202

  Churchill, Lord Randolph (Winston’s father), 451

  Churchill, Randolph (Winston’s son), 135

  Churchill, Winston, 135, 140n, 172, 509–21, 650, 687

  and Baldwin, 674–75

  books written by, 248, 621

  and films, 481, 690n, 691

  and Gallipoli, 4, 263–64

  and Lady Astor, 644

  Lawrence as Middle East adviser to, 510–13, 515–16, 520, 521, 524–30, 533, 539, 540, 625, 626, 671, 684, 689

  and Lawrence’s death, 679, 680

  Lawrence’s meetings with, 321, 451–52

  and Lawrence’s RAF enlistment, 540–41, 542, 608

  Lawrence’s requests for help from, 618, 673

  and Lloyd George, 509–11

  Marlborough biography by, 669

  and Middle East Department, 510–21, 526

  personal traits of, 271, 303

  speeches by, 653–54

  Turkish ships requisitioned by, 248

  and World War I, 244, 245, 246, 262, 263–64

  and World War II, 654

  Circassians, 93, 342

  Clausewitz, Carl von, 371

  Clayton, Gilbert, 274, 277

  as Arab Bureau chief, 12, 48–49, 273

  and Balfour Declaration, 399

  in Cairo, 252, 253, 257, 259, 284

  in Jerusalem, 356

  and Lawrence’s mental anguish, 378, 400

  Lawrence’s reports to, 15, 49, 56–57, 82, 90, 109, 281, 355, 361–62, 513

  as military adviser to Churchill, 512

  and military strategy, 297, 298

  and peace negotiations, 399

  and Sykes-Picot Agreement, 277, 280, 306, 361

  and Thomas’s film, 387

  Clemenceau, Georges, 210, 454, 459–62, 474–75, 476, 507

  Clouds Hill, Moreton, Lawrence’s cottage at, 581, 587, 594, 595, 666, 672, 673–74

  Clough, Arthur Hugh, “Say Not the Struggle Naught Availeth,” 340, 653–54

  Cobbold, Lady Evelyn, 238–39, 255

  Cockerell, Sydney, 540, 597

  Cody, BuÃalo Bill, 480

  Collins, Michael, 576

  Colonial Office:

  ibn Saud supported by, 88

  Middle Eastern Department of, 510–21, 526

  Columbia Pictures, 691, 692–93, 694

  Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur, 654

  Congo Free State, atrocities in, 654

  Conrad, Joseph, 554, 612

  Heart of Darkness, 654

  Constable, publishers, 566, 567, 573

  Constantinople:

  British archaeological interests in, 185, 215

  Lawrence’s travel in, 186–87

  Russian ambitions toward, 12, 270n, 280

  Cooper, Collin, 649

  Council of Ten, 473–74

  Coward, Noël, 495n, 656

  Cox, Sir Percy Z., 259, 286, 288–89, 517, 523

  Crane, C. R., 484

  Cromwell, Oliver, 119

  Crusades, and French claims in Middle East, 256, 275, 474

  Curtis, Lionel:

  and All Souls, 533, 579, 587n

  Lawrence’s correspondence with, 143, 579, 580, 590, 626, 656

  Lawrence’s friendship with, 472, 508, 589

  and Lawrence’s funeral, 679

  Lawrence’s Middle East views supported by, 506

  and Lawrence’s military service, 579, 580, 608

  Curtis Brown, literary agency, 565, 567

  Curzon, George Nathaniel, 1st Baron:

  and British entry into Jerusalem, 352

  and Eastern Committee meetings, 445–47, 456, 461

  and Feisal, 456, 487, 506

  and Lawrence’s Middle East travels, 167–68

  and postwar Middle East diplomacy, 506, 507, 509, 512, 524, 525, 526, 528, 533

  and Thomas’s biography of Lawrence, 525

  Daher (guide), 348

  Dahoum (friend), 213

  at Carchemish, 196, 197, 212, 214, 224, 228, 646

  journey to Aqaba, 237, 238

  in later years, 393–94

  Lawrence’s friendship with, 210–14, 262

  and Lawrence’s illness, 198, 226

  Lawrence’s plans for improvement of, 197, 198, 216

  personal traits of, 196, 223

  Seven Pillars dedication to, 498–99

  travels with Lawrence, 210, 215, 226–27, 228

  in Turkish prison, 221, 349

  Daily Express, The (London), 505, 507, 564, 566, 568–69, 571, 630, 672

  Daily Mail, The (London), 505, 566, 571, 572

  Daily News, The (London), 634, 640

  Daily Telegraph (London), 493, 617

  Damascus:

  Allenby’s arrival in, 435–37

  Arabs in disarray in, 430–35, 440

  Arab takeover of, 427, 429–30, 452

  journey to, 428–30

  Lawrence’s departure from, 437

  Lawrence’s entry into, 429–30, 431

  as military goal, 89, 90, 112, 262, 281–82, 297, 309, 325, 366, 396, 407, 413, 414, 425

  opponents of Hussein in, 40

  as potential capital of “Greater Syria,” 41, 307, 413, 467

  race to, 41, 64, 67, 83, 357, 359, 400, 405–6, 407, 413, 414, 417, 428

  railway line to, 21, 24, 49, 293

  Danchev, Alex, 664

  Daud (servant), 85, 327, 330, 388–90, 393

  Dawnay, Alan:

  as Allenby’s chief of staÃ, 322–23, 382, 383

  at Guweira, 374, 375

  and Hejaz Operations StaÃ, 374, 375

  and Imperial Camel Brigade, 402, 404

  and Lawrence in Royal Tank Corps, 576, 577

  Lawrence’s correspondence with, 467

  Lawrence’s friendship with, 236, 323, 576

  and Lawrence’s funeral, 679

  and military strategy, 381, 394–95, 401, 402

  and Seven Pillars, 496, 598

  Dawnay, Guy, 323, 374

  Dawson, GeoÃrey, 484, 486

  Day Lewis, Cecil, 656

  Deraa, 341–51, 418

  Arab army in, 425–27

  eÃects on Lawrence of attack in, 348, 349–51, 358, 397, 538, 601–2

  Lawrence’s capture and assault at, 342–51, 355, 400, 470, 471, 497, 588, 612, 695

  as military goal, 325, 347, 381, 402, 406, 414

  Derbyshire, 618, 619–21

  Desert Mounted Corps, 429

  Dexter, Flight Lieutenant, 544–46

  Diana, Princess of Wales, 568, 636–37, 677

  Dickens, Charles, 117

  Diocletian, Emperor, 334

  Disraeli, Benjamin, 234

  Dixon, Corporal, 581, 589, 602, 608

  Dodd, Francis, 196, 227

  Doran, George H., 592, 614, 615, 617n

  Doubleday, Frank N., 501, 504, 565, 592, 657

  Doughty, Charles M., 94, 190, 622

  Arabia Deserta, 166–67, 208, 495, 506, 508, 557

  and Hogarth, 177, 182

  Lawrence’s regard for, 590

  Douglas-Home, Sir Alec, 118n

  Dowson, Sir Ernest, 258, 302

  Driver, Corpor
al, 362–63

  Dulles, John Foster, 454n

  Duncan, David Douglas, 558

  Edward VII, king of England, 451

  Edward VIII, king of England, 140n, 449–50, 603

  Egypt:

  “British Force” in, 282, 285

  British rule in, 259, 266

  Exodus from, 239

  impoverishment of, 698

  independence of, 515

  intelligence activities in, 273, 284

  political unrest in, 506

  and Suez Canal, 234

  and United Arab Republic, 697

  see also Cairo

  Egyptian Camel Corps, 407

  Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF):

  Allenby appointed commander of, 105, 318

  and Aqaba, 104

  at Basra, 5

  in Cairo, 11, 12, 45, 273, 291

  formation of, 285

  at Gaza, 4, 104–5

  Egyptian Government Printing Press, 258

  Egyptian Survey, 302

  Eisenstein, Sergey, 62

  Elgar, Sir Edward, 656

  Eliot, T. S., 613

  Elizabeth I, queen of England, 443

  El Jefer, 92, 95, 403

  Ellington, Sir Edward, 660

  Ellis, Sir Hugh, 577

  El Mezraa, 374

  Empire News, The, 634

  Encyclopaedia Brittanica, 664

  Enver Pasha, 54–55, 287, 289, 449

  Fakhri Pasha (Hamid Fakhri Bey):

  Arab strategies against, 41, 60, 63

  and Armenian genocide, 37

  Beni Ali village destroyed by, 37

  at Medina, 66–67, 70

  at Tafileh, 365, 367, 370

  Falkenhayn, Erich von, 311, 354

  Fareedeh el Akle, 187–88, 198, 498

  Farraj (servant), 85, 327, 330, 388–90, 392–94, 615

  Fascists, 667, 675

  Fattuh (servant), 194, 195

  Fawcett, Percy, 538

  Feisal, emir (son of Hussein):

  and Arab army, 15, 18, 20, 21, 30, 31, 35, 41, 49, 52–53, 55, 58, 63, 64, 111

  and Balfour Declaration, 306, 399, 697

  bond of Lawrence and, 33, 34, 80, 375, 382, 393, 398, 400, 405, 448, 472

  and broken British promises, 462, 465, 564

  in Damascus, 431, 432–33, 435–37

  discussions with Weizmann, 399–400, 463, 465–68, 476

  early years of, 34

  Europeans distrusted by, 34, 82, 436–37, 450

  exile in Egypt, 505–6

  film depiction of, 693

  vs. French in Syria, 463, 505, 511

  “Greater Syria” sought by, 41, 42n, 442, 451

  and groundwork for Arab Revolt, 266, 267

  in house arrest, 259

  and Imperial Camel Brigade, 396

  and Iraqi throne, 277n, 405, 449, 455, 515, 516–18, 519, 523–24

  Lawrence as liaison to, 49–50, 68, 299, 300, 395, 405, 476, 485, 513–14

  Lawrence’s eÃorts on behalf of, 443, 444, 451, 455–58, 464, 472, 473, 475, 478, 484, 494, 506, 625, 640

  Lawrence’s first meeting with, 16, 32–38, 48

  leadership traits of, 37–38, 54, 55, 62, 68, 69, 76, 532

  and military strategy, 37, 66, 81, 100, 266, 282, 298–300, 306, 307, 309, 311, 374, 390, 394, 415

  move to Wejh, 60–61, 68, 69

  and outbreak of Arab Revolt, 292

  at Paris Peace Conference, 439–40, 452, 453, 455–59, 456, 459, 461, 468, 469, 472, 473–77

  physical appearance and personality of, 32, 33–35, 62, 81

  portraits of, 504

  a price on his head, 465

  and proposal of amnesty, 360–61, 398–99, 400

  slaves of, 313

  supporters of, 82, 91, 325, 340, 357, 391, 429, 483

  and Sykes-Picot agreement, 39, 40, 81, 82, 281, 306, 328, 360, 361, 436–37

  and Syrian uprising, 413–14

  and Thomas films, 386, 387

  and tribal rivalries, 404–5

  visits to Britain, 462–68, 464, 486–87, 511, 610

  visit to France, 455–59, 461

  at Wadi Yenbo, 52–59

  Weizmann-Feisal agreement, 465–68

  Fiennes, Ralph, 694

  Findlay, Charles, 560–61, 569–70, 571, 575

  Finney, Albert, 693

  Flecker, Hellé, 199, 216

  Flecker, James Elroy, 153, 181, 199–201, 201, 216, 583

  Foch, Marshal Ferdinand, 96, 98, 449

  Fontana, Winifred, 208

  Ford, Ford Maddox, 555

  Foreign Office:

  Hussein supported by, 483, 506

  involvement in Arab Revolt, 11, 49, 88

  Lawrence’s duties with, 7, 457, 485

  and Lawrence’s letters to the Times, 486

  and postwar territorial claims, 455, 457, 462

  Forster, E. M., 349, 589, 591, 601, 640

  Four Feathers, The (film), 692

  Fourth Australian Light Horse Brigade, 333–34

  France:

  ambitions for Middle East, 38–40, 42n, 47, 48, 49, 60, 67, 70, 81–82, 90, 92, 112, 183, 253, 256, 259, 262, 266, 270, 272, 275–76, 278, 303, 306, 353, 356, 398, 436, 454, 455, 460, 486, 504–5, 697

  British Expeditionary Forces in, 105

  British rivalry with, 48, 270, 275, 453, 456, 460–61, 474

  colonial system of, 48, 272, 275, 442, 697, 698

  distrust of, 34, 48

  Feisal in, 455–59, 461

  honors and awards to Lawrence from, 67, 286, 353, 457–58

  Lawrence’s distaste for presence of, 47, 48, 67, 255, 400, 451

  and Paris Peace Conference, 439–40, 453, 456–59, 460, 469, 473–78

  rule of law (Code Napoléon) in, 48, 56

  and Suez Canal, 234, 279

  and Sykes-Picot agreement, 38–40, 67, 275–76, 278–79, 281, 413, 436–37, 451, 455, 458–59, 507, 512

  and World War I, 10, 45, 242, 275, 277, 304, 381, 460

  Frankfurter, Felix, 476

  Frederick the Great, 406

  French army:

  mutinies in, 460

  North African troops, 67

  Freud, Sigmund, 29, 115, 580

  Fromkin, David, A Peace to End All Peace, 277

  Gallipoli:

  British defeat at (1915), 4, 263–64, 269, 277, 282, 285, 290, 295

  German warships at, 248–50

  Galsworthy, John, 555

  Garland, H. G., 51–52, 56, 59, 70, 77, 322

  Garnett, Edward:

  and authors, 554–55, 564

  and Cape, 555, 565, 567

  and Lawrence in RAF, 564, 603

  and Lawrence’s depression, 603

  and ’e Mint, 625

  and Revolt abridgement, 555, 558, 562, 565, 566–67, 575, 603, 614–15

  and Seven Pillars, 554–55, 565

  and ST 200 handbook, 653

  Gasein (goldsmith), 300

  Gasim (stranger from Maan), 86–87, 418

  Gaza:

  Allenby’s attack on, 323, 325, 326, 331–34, 352

  defense of, 285

  Egyptian Expeditionary Force at, 4, 104–5

  stalemate at, 104–6

  Turkish control of, 21, 41, 59, 89, 91, 284–85, 291

  Gee, Sergeant Major, 544, 545

  Genet, Jean, 344

  Geneva Conventions, 85n

  Geographical Section of General Staà (GSGS), 250–51, 252

  Georges-Picot, François:

  flight at war’s outbreak, 35n, 266

  and Jerusalem, 353, 356

  and Sykes-Picot agreement, 38, 275–81

  and Syria, 440, 442, 445

  George V, king of England:

  and Feisal, 465

  honors oÃered to Lawrence by, 447–50, 486, 516

  and Lawrence’s accident and death, 679, 680

  Lawrence’s audiences with, 440, 447–50

  Lawrence’s gifts to, 55n, 449

 
and Lawrence’s military status, 439–40, 486

  Lawrence’s relationship with, 46, 666

  and politicians, 447, 450

  as stamp collector, 522

  and supporters of the Arab Revolt, 44

  Thomas’s show attended by, 481

  and World War I, 663

  German army:

  discipline in, 227

  in World War I, 10, 232, 242, 246, 275, 378, 381

  German navy, and Turkish navy, 248–50

  Germany:

  aircraft supplied to Turkey by, 14

  and archaeological sites, 184, 216

  in Central Powers, 232, 233

  colonial possessions of, 453

  and Hindenburg, 646

  Nazi regime in, 531

  postwar demands on, 454, 468

  railways built by, 168, 199, 202, 208, 209, 214, 215, 240

  surrender of, 453

  Turkish army supported by, 20, 36, 104, 285, 287, 311, 391, 411, 416, 421, 423, 424

  zeppelins, 646–47

  Gettysburg, battle of, 367

  Geziret Faraun, island of, 238

  Gibson Girls, 644

  Gilbert, Martin, 248

  Godefroy de Bouillon, 275

  Goltz, Colmar Freiherr von der, 287–88

  Gone with the Wind (film), 694

  Gordon, Charles George (Gordon of Khartoum), 12, 45, 321, 478

  Graves, Philip, 255

  Graves, Robert:

  Goodbye to All That, 265, 624n

  Lawrence and the Arabian Adventure, 321, 611, 624–25, 627, 662, 689, 696

  on Lawrence at Oxford, 161–62, 174, 491

  on Lawrence’s audience with George V, 448, 449, 450

  Lawrence’s correspondence with, 446, 447, 448, 524, 656, 669, 671

  on Lawrence’s early years, 159

  Lawrence’s friendship with, 508, 589

  Lawrence’s obituary updated by, 671

  on Lawrence’s personal traits, 140n, 666–67

  Lawrence’s version of his story to, 321, 442, 446, 447, 448, 577

  and RFC history, 598

  and Seven Pillars, 497, 592

  and Turkish army handbook, 258

  Great Depression, 619

  Greek-Turkish War (1897), 246

  Green, Thomas Hill, 136

  Greene, Graham, 449

  Grey, Sir Edward, 181, 242, 260, 270

  Guevara, Che, 686

  Guilfoyle, W. J. Y., 560–61, 566, 569, 574, 575

  Guinness, Alec, 693

  Gulf of Aqaba, 1–2

  Gurschner, Herbert, portrait of Lawrence by, 684, 685

  Guweira:

  Arab encampment at, 312, 358, 374–75

  motor road to, 359

  Hacim (Hajim) Bey, 342–43, 346, 351, 421

  Haidar Pasha, 168

  Haifa, British capture of, 412

  Haig, Sir Douglas, 105, 323

  Haj Wahid (cook), 207

  Hall-Smith, Guthrie, 503

  Hall-Smith, Janet (Laurie), 131, 159–61, 227, 490–91, 503–4, 529, 658

 

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