by Tom Holland
Brtlhl, Carlrichard: 'Die Kaiserpfalz bei St. Peter und die Pfalz Ottos III. auf dem
Palatin', Quellea und Forsckiatgen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliothehen 34,1954 BrUhl, Carlrichard: Deutschland-Frankreich: Die Geburt zweier letter (Cologne, 1990) Bull, Marcus: Knightly Piety and the Lay Response to the First Crusade: The Limousin and Gasccny,
c. 970-c. 1130 (Oxford, 1993) Bull, Marcus (ed.): France in the Central Middle Ages 900-1200 (Oxford, 2002) Bulliet, R.: Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period: An Essay in Quanlitiie History
(Cambridge, Mass., 1979) BUttner, H.: 'Der Weg Ottos des Grossen zum Kaisertum', Archiv fur Mittelrheinisdie
Kirchengesckichle 14,1962 Bynum, Caroline Walker: Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to
Medieval Women (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1987) Callahan, Daniel: 'Ademar of Chabannes, Apocalypticism and the Peace Council
of Limoges of 1031', Revue Benidictim 101,1991 Callahan, Daniel: 'The Problem of the "Filioque" and the Letter from the Pilgrim Monks of the Mount of Olives to Pope Leo III and Charlemagne. Is the Letter Another Forgery by Ademar of ChabannesV, Revue Binedictine 102,1992 Callahan, Daniel: 'Ademar of Chabannes, Millennial Fears and the Development
of Western Anti-)udaism',Journal of Ecclesiastical History 46,1995 Cambridge Medieval History III, c. 900-c. 1024, ed. Timothy Reuter (Cambridge, 1999) Cambridge Medieval History IV, c. 1024-c. 1198, ed. David Luscombe and Jonathan
Riley-Smith, 2 vols. (Cambridge, 2004) Campbell, James (ed.): The Anglo-Saxons (London, 1982) Campbell, James: Essays in Anglo-Saxon History (London, 1986) Campbell, James: The Anglo-Saxon State (London, 2000)
Canard, Marius: 'La Destruction de l'£gllse de la Resurrection par le Calife Hakim
et I'Histoire de la Descente du Feu Sacre', Byzantion 35,1965 Cantor, Norman F.: 'The Crisis of Western Monasticism, 1050-11J', The American
Historical Review 66/1,1960 Cantor, Norman F.: Medieval History: The Life and Death of a Civilaaiion (New York, 1968) Carozzi, Claude: La Fin des Temps: Terreurs et Prophities au Moyen Age (Paris, 1999) Chapelot, Jean, and Fossier, Robert: The Village and House in the Middle Ages, tr. Henry
Cleere (London, 1985) Charanis, Peter: 'Byzantium, the West and the Origins of the First Crusade', Byiantion 19,1947
Chibnell, Marjorie: The Debate on the Norman Conquest (Manchester, 1999) Chibnell, Marjorie: The Normans (Oxford, 2000) Christiansen, Eric: The Norsemen in the Viking Age (Oxford, 2002) Clark, Victoria: The Far-Farers: A Journey from Viking Iceland to CrusaderJerusalem (London, 2003)
Cohen, Jeremy (ed.): From Witness to Witchcraft: Jews and Judaism in Medieval Christian
Thought (Wiesbaden, 1996) Conant, Kenneth John: 'The Apse at Cluny', Speculum!j[, 1932 Conant, Kenneth John: 'Mediaeval Academy Excavations at Cluny, X', Speculum 45/1,1970
Constable, Giles: Three Studies in Medieval Religious and Social Thought (Cambridge, 1995) Constable, Giles: Cluny from the Tenth to the Twelfth Centuries (Aldershot, 2000) Contamine, Philippe: Wat in the Middle Ages, tr. Michael Jones (Oxford, 1984) Cook, David: Studies in Muslim Apocalyptic (Princeton, 2002) Corbet, Patrick: Les Saints Ottoniens: Sainteti Dynastiqut, Saintete Royale et Sainteti Feminine
Autour de I'An Mil (Sigmaringen, 1986) Cowdrey, H. E. J.: 'Unions and Confraternity with Cluny', Journal of Ecclesiastical History 16.1965
Cowdrey, H. E. J.: 'Pope Urban il's Preaching of the First Crusade', History 55,1970
Cowdrey, H. E. J.: The Cluniacs and the Gregorian Reform (Oxford, 1970)
Cowdrey, H. E J.: 'The Peace and the Truce of God in the Eleventh Century", Past
and Present 46,1970 Cowdrey, H. E. J.: Popes, Monks and Crusaders (London, 1984) Cowdrey, H. E. J.: 'The Gregorian Papacy, Byzantium, and the First Crusade', in
Howard-Johnston (Amsterdam, 1988) Cowdrey, H. E. J.: Pope Gregory VII1073-1085 (Oxford, 1998)
Cowdrey, H. E. J.: Popes and Church Reform in the lllh Century (Aldershot, 2000) Crone, Patricia, and Cook, Michael: Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World
(Cambridge, 1977) Crouch, David: The Normans: The History of a Dynasty (London, 2002) Crouch, David: The Birth of Nobility: Constructing Aristocracy in England and France. 900-1300 (Harlow, 2003)
Cushing, Kathleen G.: Reform and Papacy in the Eleventh Century: Spirituality and Social
Change (Manchester, 2005) Cutler, Anthony: 'Who Was the "Monk of France" and When Did He Write?', al- Andalus 28,1963
Cutler, Anthony: 'Gifts and Gift Exchange as Aspects of the Byzantine, Arab, and
Related Economies', Dumbarton Oaks Papers 55.2001 Daniel, Norman: The Arabs and Mediaeval Europe (London, 1975) Davids, Adelbert: The Empress Theophano: Byzantium and the IVest at the Turn of the First
Millennium (Cambridge, 1995) Davis, R. H. C.: The Normans and Their Myth (London, 1976) Debord, Andre: "Motte Castrale et Habitat Chevaleresque", in Melanges d'Histoire et
d'Archeologie Midievale en I'Honneurdu Doyen M. de BSuard (Paris, 1982) Delort, Robert (ed.): La France de I'An Mil (Paris, 1990) Dennis, George T.: Three Byzantine Military Treatises (Washington, DC, 1985) Dennis, George T.: 'Defenders of the Christian People: Holy War in Byzantium', in
Laiou and Mottahedeh (Washington, DC, 2000) De Vries, Kelly: The Norwegian Invasion of England in 1066 (Woodbridge, 1999) Dhondt, J.: £lude sur la Naissance des Principautes Territoriales en France (Ixe—Xe Siecles)
(Bruges, 1948) Dolley, R. H. M. (ed.): Anglo-Saxon Coins (London, 1961) Douglas, David C.: William the Conqueror (London, 1964) Douglas, David C.: The Norman Achievement (London, 1969) Duby, Georges: La Societe aux Xie et XUe Siecles dans la Region Maconnaise (Paris, 1953) Duby, Georges: L'An Mil (Paris, 1980)
Duby, Georges: The Three Orders: Feudal Society Imagined, tr. Arthur Goldhammer (Chicago, 1980)
Duckett, Eleanor: Death and Life in the Tenth Century (Ann Arbor, 1967)
Dunbabin, Jean: France in the Making. 843-1180(Oxford. 2000)
Dunn, Maryjane, and Davidson, Linda Kay: The Pilgrimage to Compostela in the Middle
Ages: A Book of Essays (New York, 1996) El Cheikh, Nadia Maria: Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs (Cambridge, Mass., 2004) Elliott, Dyan: Fallen Bodies: Pollution, Sexuality, and Demonology in the Middle Ages (Philadelphia, 1999)
Ellis, Hilda Roderick: The Road to Hel: A Study of the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse
Literature (Cambridge, 1943) Ellis Davidson, H.R: The Viking Road to Byzantium (London, 1976) Emmerson, Richard Kenneth: Antichrist in the Middle Ages: A Study of Medieval
Apocalypticism, Art, and Literature (Manchester. 1981) Emmerson, Richard K., and McGinn, Bernard: The Apocalypse in the Middle Ages (Ithaca, 1992)
Enright, Michael).: lona, Tara and Soissons: The Origin of the Royal Anointing Ritual (Berlin, 1985)
Erdmann, Carl: 'Endkaiserglaube und Kreuzzugsgedanke im II. Jahrhundert',
Zeitschriftfiir Kirchengeschickte II, 1932 Erdmann, Carl: Ottonische Studien, ed. Helmut Beumann (Darmstadt, 1968) Erdmann, Carl: The Origin of the Idea of Crusade, tr. Marshall W. Baldwin and Walter
Goffart (Princeton, 1977) Evans, J.: Monastic Life at Cluny. 910-1157(Oxford, 1931)
Fichtenau, Heinrich: Living in the Tenth Century: Mentalities and Social Orders, tr. Patrick).
Geary (Chicago, 1991) Fierro, Maribel: Abdul-Rahman III: The First Cordohan Caliph (Oxford, 2005) Fleckstein, Josef: Early Medieval Germany, tr. Bernard S. Smith (Amsterdam, 1978) Fletcher, Richard: Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmirez ofSantiago de
Compostela (Oxford, 1984) Fletcher, Richard: 'Reconquest and Crusade in Spain, c. 1050-1150', Transactions of the
Royal Historical Society 37, 1987 Fletcher, Richard: Moorish Spain (Berkeley, 1992)
Fletcher, Richard: The Conversion of Europe: From Paganism to Christianity 371—1386 AD (London, 1997)
Fletcher, Richard: Bloodfeud: Murder and Revtnge in Anglo-Saxon England (London, 2002) Flori, Jean: La Guerre Sainte: La Formation de I'ldit de Cnisade dans I'Occident Chretien (Paris, 2001)
&
nbsp; Flori, Jean: L'Islam et la Fin des Temps: L'lnterpretation Prophetique des Invasions Musulmanes dans
la Chretiente Mediewte (Paris. 2002) Folz, Robert: Le Souvenir et la Legende de Charlemagne dans I'Empire Germanique Midiival (Paris, 1950)
Folz, Robert: The Concept of Empire in Western Europe: From the Fifth to the Fourteenth Century,
tr. Sheila Ann Ogilvie (London, 1969) Foot, Sarah: 'The Historiography of the Anglo-Saxon "Nation-State"', in Power and the Nation in European History, ed. Len Scales and Oliver Zimmer (Cambridge, 2005) Forte, Angelo, Oram, Richard, and Pedersen, Frederik: Viking Empires (Cambridge, 2005)
Fossier, Robert: Enfance de I'Europe, 2 vols. (Paris, 1982)
Fossier, Robert: Peasant Lift in the Medieval West, tr. J. Vale (Oxford, 1988)
Fossier, Robert (ed.): The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Middle Ages: Volume II:
950-1250, tr. Stuart Airlie and Robyn Marsack (Cambridge, 1997) France, John: 'The Destruction of Jerusalem and the First Crusade', Journal of
Ecclesiastical History 47.1996 France, John: Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades, 1000-1300 (Ithaca, 1999) Franklin, Simon, and Shepard, Jonathan: The Emergence of Rus, 750-1200(London, 1996)
Frassetto, Michael (ed.): Mediant Purity and Piety: Essays on Medieval Clerical Celibaty and
Religious Reform (New York, 1998) Frassetto, Michael (ed.): The Year 1000: Religious and Social Response to the Turning of the First
Millennium (New York, 2002) Frecdman, Paul: Images of the Medieval Peasant (Stanford, 1999) Fried, Johannes: 'Awaiting the End of Time', tr. Scott Denlinger and Edward Peters,
in Landes, Gow and Van Meter (Oxford, 2003) Fuhrmann, Horst: Germany in tke High Middle Ages: c. 1050-1200, tr. Timothy Reuter (Cambridge. 1986)
Fulton, Rachel: From Judgment to Passion: Demtion to Christ & the Viijjin Maty, 800-1200 (New York, 2002)
Gabriele, Matthew: 'Otto 111, Charlemagne, and Pentecost A.D. 1000: A
Reconsideration Using Diplomatic Evidence', in Frassetto (New York, 2002) Gasc, Helene: 'Gerbert et la Pedagogie des Arts Liberaux a la Fin du Dixieme Siecle',
Journal of Mediesul History 12/2,1986 Gay, Jules: L'ltalie Meridionals et I'Empire Byzmtine depuis I'Avenement de Basile 1 jusqu'i la
Prise de Bari par les Normands (867-1071), 2 vols. (New York, 1960) Geary, Patrick: 'Humiliation of Saints', in Saints and Their Culls: Studies in Religious
Sociology, Folklore and History, ed. Stephen Wilson (Cambridge, 1983) Geary, Patrick: Phantoms of Remembrance: Memory and Oblivion at the End of the First
Millennium (Princeton, 1994) Gibbon, Edward: Tke History of ike Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 3 vols. (London, 1994)
Gil, Moshe: A History of Palestine, 634-1099, tr. Ethel Broido (Cambridge, 1992) Glenn, Jason: Politics and History in the Tenth Century: The Work and World of Richer of Reims (Cambridge, 2004)
Glick, Thomas F.: From Muslim Fortress to Christian Castle: Social and Cultural Change in
Medieval Spain (Manchester, 1995) Glick, Thomas F.: Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages (Brill, 2005) Goez, Werner: 'Zur PersSnlichkeit Gregors VII', Rihnische Quartalschrift 73,1978 Goez, Werner: "The Concept of Time in the Historiography of the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries', in Medieval Concepts of the Past, ed. Gerd Althoflf, Johannes Fried and Patrick J. Geary (Cambridge, 2002) Gdrich, Knut: Otto III Romanus, Saxonicus et Italicus: Kaiserliche Rompolitik und sachsische
Historwgraphie (Sigmaringen, 1994) Gougenheim, S.: Les Fausses Ternurs de I'An Mil: Attenle de la Fin des Temps ou
Apprvfondissement de la Foi? (Paris, 1999) Green, Dennis H., and Siegmund, Frank: Tke Continental Saxons from the Migration Period
to tke Tenth Century: An Ethnographic Perspective (San Marino, 2003) Gregorovius, Ferdinand: History of ike City of Rome in the Middle Ages: Volume 3:800-1002
A.D., tr. Annie Hamilton (London, 1903) Griffith, Paddy: The Viking Art of War (London. 1995) Guillot, Olivier: Le Comle d'Anjou et son Entourage au Xie Siecle (Paris, 1972)
Hadley, D. M.: Masculinity in Medieval Eurcpe (London, 1999) Hallam, Elizabeth M.: Capelian France (987-1328) (London, 1980) Hamilton, Bernard: Monastic Reform, Catharism and the Crusades, 900-1300 (London, 1979)
Harris, Jonathan: Byzantium and Ike Crusades (London, 2003)
Harris, Joseph: 'Eddie Poetry', in Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Critical Guide, ed. Carol
J. Clover and John Lindow (Ithaca, 1985) Haskins, Charles H.: 'The Materials for the Reign of Robert I of Normandy', English
Historical Review 31,1916 Head, Thomas: Hagiography and the Cult of Saints: The Diocese of Orleans, 800-1200 (Cambridge, 1990)
Head, Thomas, and Landes, Richard (eds.): The Peace of God: Social Violence and Religious
Response in France around the Year 1000 (Ithaca, 1992) Heath, Ian: Byzantine Armies. 886-U18 (Oxford, 1979) Herrin, Judith: The Formation of Christendom (Princeton, 1997) Herrin, Judith: Women in Purple: Rulers of Medietvl Byzantium (London, 2001) Higham, N. J.: The Death of Anglo-Saxon England (Stroud, 1997) Hill, Boyd H,: The Rise of the First Reich: Germany in the Tenth Century (New York, 1969) Hill, Boyd H.: Medieval Monarchy in Action: The German Empire from Henry I to Henry IV (London, 1972)
Hill, David (ed.): Ethelred the Unready: Papers from the Millenary Conference (Oxford, 1978) Hill, Paul: The Road to Hastings: The Politics of Power in Anglo-Saxon England (Stroud, 2005) Hlawitschka, E.: 'Zur Herkunft und zu den Seitenverwandten des CegenkSnigs Rudolf von Rheinfelden', in Die Salier und das Reich, ed. S. Weinfurter (Sigmaringen, 1991) Hodges, Richard: The Anglo-Saxon Achievement (London, 1989) Hofmeister, Adolf: Die Heilige Lanze tin Abzeichen des Allen Reichs (Brcslau, 1908) Holtzmann, Walt her: 'Studien zur Orientpolitik des Papsttums und zur
Entstehung des ersten Kreuzzuges', Historische Vierteljahrschrift 22,1924 Howard-Johnston, J. D.: Byzantium and the West c.850~c. 1200 (Amsterdam, 1988) Hubert, Etienne: Espace [Main et Hahitat d Rome du Xe Siecle a la fin du Xllle Steele (Rome, 1990)
Hunt, Noreen: Cluny under Saint Hugh 1049-1109 (London, 1967)
Huygens, R. B. C: 'Un Temoin de la Crainte de l'An 1000: La Lettre sur les
Hongrois', L'A tonus 15,1957 logna-Prat, Dominique: 'Continence et Virginite dans la Conception Clunisienne de l'Ordre du Monde autour de l'An Mil', Comples Remlus de I'Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres, 1985 logna-Prat, Dominique: Order & Exclusion: Cluny and Christendom Face Heresy, Judaism, and
Islam (1000-1 ISO), tr. Graham Robert Edwards (Ithaca, 2002) Isawi, C: 'The Area and Population of the Arab Empire: an Essay in Speculation', in The Islamic Middle East, 700-1900: Studies in Economic and Social History, ed. A. L. Udovitch (Princeton, 1981) -
Iversen, Gunilla: 'Transforming a Viking into a Saint: The Divine Office of St Olav", in The Divine Office in ibe Latin Medieval Ages, ed. Margot E. Fassler and Rebecca A. Baltzer (Oxford. 2000) Jeep, John M. (ed.): Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia (New York, 2001) Jenkins, Romilly: Byumtium: The Imperial Centuries, AD 610-1071 (London, 1966) Jones, Gwyn: A History of the Vikings (Oxford, 2001) Jones, Prudence, and Pennick, Nigel: A History of Pagan Europe (London, 1995) Joranson, Einar: 'The Great German Pilgrimage of 1064-1065', in 'lite Crusades and Other Historical Essays Presented to Dana C. Munro by His Former Students, ed. Louis J. Paetow (New York, 1928) Kantorowicz, Ernst: The King's Two Bodies: A Study in Medieval Political Theology
(Princeton, 1957) Karras, Ruth Mazo: Sexuality in Medieval Europe (New York, 2005) Karsh, Efraim: Islamic Imperialism: A History (New Haven, 2006) Kedar, Benjamin Z.: Crusade and Mission: European Attitudes toward the Muslims (Princeton, 1984)
Kelly, J. N. D.: The Oxford Dictionary of Popes (Oxford, 1986)
Kennedy, Hugh: Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus (Harlow, 1996) Kennedy, Hugh: 'From Antiquity to Islam in the Cities of al-Andalus and al- Mashriq', in Genese de la Ville Islamique en al-Andalus et au Maghreb Occidental, ed. P. Cressier and M. Garcfa-Arenal (Madrid, 1998) Keynes, Simon: The Diplomas of King Aethelred 'the Unready' 978-10
16: A Study in Their Use
as Historical Evidence (Cambridge, 1980) Ktirner, Sten: The Battle of Hastings, England, and Europe 1035-1066 (Lund, 1964) Kovacs, Judith, and Rowland, Christopher: Revelation (Oxford, 2004) Koziol, Geoffrey: Begging Pardon and Favor: Ritual and Political Order in Early Medieval France (Ithaca. 1992)
Krautheimer, R.: Rome: Profile of a City, 312-1308 (Vrinccton, 1980) Kreutz, Barbara M.: Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries (Philadelphia, 1991)
Laccy, Robert, and Danziger, Danny: The Year 1000: What Life itas Like at the Turn of the
First Millennium (London, 1999) Ladner, Gerhart B.: L'lmmagine dell'Imperatort Ottone III (Rome, 1988) Laiou, Angeliki E., and Mottahedeh, Roy Parviz (eds.): The Crusades from tke Perspective
of Byzantium and tke Muslim World (Washington. DC, 2000) Landes, Richard: 'Lest the Millennium be Fulfilled: Apocalyptic Expectations and the Pattern of Western Chronography, 100-800 CE in The Use and Abuse of Esdtatology in tke Middle Ages, ed. W. Verbeke, D. Verhelst and A. Welkenhuysen (Leuven, 1988)
Landes, Richard: 'La Vie Apostolique en Aquitaine au Tournant du Millennium: Paix de Dieu, Culte de Reliques et Communautes "Heretiques"', Annates 46,1991 Landes, Richard: 'Sur les Traces du Millennium: La "Via Negativa'", Le Moyen Age 99, 1993
Landes, Richard: Relics. Apocalypse, and the Deceits of History (Cambridge, Mass., 1995) Landes, Richard: 'On Owls, Roosters, and Apocalyptic Time: A Historical Method for Reading a Refractor)' Documentation', Union Seminary Quarterly Review 49,1996 Landes, Richard: 'The Massacres of 1010: On the Origins of Popular Anti-Jewish
Violence in Western Europe', in Cohen (Wiesbaden, 1996) Landes, Richard (ed.): Encyclopedia of Millennialism and Millennial Movements (New York, 2000) Landes, Richard: 'The Fear of an Apocalyptic Year 1000: Augustinian
